Structural simulation of additively manufactured components
A method of estimating a property of an article manufactured, at least in part, by additive manufacturing, AM, preferably directed energy deposition, DED, and/or powder bed fusion, PBF, is described. The method implemented, at least in part, by a computer comprising a processor and a memory. The method comprises: obtaining a set of in-process parameters of the AM of the article, wherein respective parameters of the set thereof have positional information associated therewith; inferring a set of attributes of the article corresponding to the set of in-process parameters, wherein respective attributes of the set thereof have the positional information associated therewith; and estimating the property of the article based, at least in part, on the inferred set of attributes.
1 . A method of estimating a mechanical property of an article manufactured, at least in part, by additive manufacturing, AM, the method implemented, at least in part, by a computer comprising a processor and a memory, the method comprising:
obtaining a set of in-process parameters of the AM of the article, wherein respective parameters of the set thereof are spatially resolved, having positional information associated therewith and wherein obtaining the set of in-process parameters of the AM of the article comprises monitoring optical, thermal, and/or acoustic emissions during the AM of the article;
inferring a set of attributes of the article corresponding to the set of in-process parameters, wherein respective attributes of the set thereof are spatially resolved, having the positional information associated therewith and wherein the respective attributes of the set thereof are spatially resolved mechanical properties of the article; and
estimating the mechanical property of the article based, at least in part, on the inferred set of attributes;
wherein the mechanical property of the article is a fatigue life of the article;
wherein the spatially resolved mechanical properties of the article are selected from a group consisting of: a compressive strength, a creep, an elasticity, an elastic limit, a fatigue life, a fatigue limit, a flexibility, a flexural modulus, a flexural strength, a fracture toughness, a hardness, a shear modulus, a shear strength, a specific modulus, a specific strength, a stiffness, a tensile strength, a toughness, an ultimate tensile strength, a yield strength and a Young's modulus;
wherein inferring the set of attributes of the article corresponding to the set of in-process parameters comprises inferring the set of attributes of the article corresponding to the set of in-process parameters using a trained machine learning, ML, algorithm; and
wherein estimating the property of the article based, at least in part, on the inferred set of attributes comprises finite element analysis, FEA, of the article using the inferred set of attributes.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the spatially resolved mechanical properties of the article and the mechanical property of the article are different.
3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein obtaining the set of in-process parameters of the AM of the article comprises sourcing input parameters of the AM of the article and/or readback parameters during the AM of the article.
4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the spatially resolved mechanical properties of the article are selected from the group consisting of: a tensile strength.
5 . The method according to claim 1 , further comprising providing a model of the article, wherein the model of the article is a geometric representation of the article and wherein estimating the property of the article based, at least in part, on the inferred set of attributes comprises estimating the property of the article based, at least in part, on the inferred set of attributes and the provided model.
6 . The method according to claim 5 , wherein providing the model of the article comprises acquiring a set of measurements of the article, wherein acquiring the set of measurements of the article comprises coordinate measurement.
7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the estimated mechanical property results, at least in part, from heterogeneity, anisotropy, defects and/or geometric deviations due, at least in part, to the AM.
8 . A method of determining a mechanical property of an assembly comprising a set of articles, the method implemented, at least in part, by a computer comprising a processor and a memory, the method comprising estimating mechanical properties of the respective articles of the set thereof according to claim 1 .
9 . A computer comprising a processor and a memory configured to implement a method according to claim 1 , a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer comprising a processor and a memory, cause the computer to perform a method according to claim 1 , or a non-transient computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer comprising a processor and a memory, cause the computer to perform a method according to claim 1 .
10 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the inferring and estimating steps are performed following the completion of additive manufacturing of the article.
11 . A method of estimating a mechanical property of an article manufactured, at least in part, by additive manufacturing, AM, the method implemented, at least in part, by a computer comprising a processor and a memory, the method comprising:
obtaining a set of spatially resolved in-process parameters of the AM of the article during the AM, substantially in real-time, wherein the in-process parameters comprise optical and thermal emissions from a melt pool region and are associated with voxel-based positional data for the article geometry;
inferring a set of spatially resolved attributes of the article corresponding to the set of in-process parameters using a trained machine learning algorithm, wherein the respective attributes of the set thereof are spatially resolved mechanical properties of the article that account for anisotropy and heterogeneity induced by the AM process;
obtaining a model of the article geometry via coordinate measurement of the finished article using a contact or non-contact coordinate measuring machine; and
estimating the mechanical property of the article using finite element analysis based on the inferred attributes and the model, thereby simulating structural performance of the article under specified loading conditions;
wherein the spatially resolved mechanical properties of the article and the mechanical property of the article are each selected from a group consisting of: a brittleness, a bulk modulus, a coefficient of restitution, a compressive strength, a creep, density, a ductility, a durability, an elasticity, an elastic limit, a fatigue life, a fatigue limit, a flexibility, a flexural modulus, a flexural strength, a fracture toughness, a friction coefficient, a hardness, a malleability, a mass diffusivity, a plasticity, a Poisson's ratio, a resilience, a shear modulus, a shear strength, a slip, a specific modulus, a specific strength, a specific weight, a stiffness, a surface roughness, a tensile strength, a toughness, an ultimate tensile strength, a viscosity, a yield strength, and a Young's modulus.