Process and system for generating a hydrogen product from hydrogen sulfide with microwave energy
A process and associated system for generating a hydrogen product from a feed gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide. The process includes thermally decomposing hydrogen sulfide present in the feed gas stream into hydrogen gas and elemental sulfur in a thermal decomposition unit. The thermal decomposition unit includes a reactor vessel with a porous susceptor disposed and retained therein and a microwave generation unit positioned and configured to deliver microwave energy to the porous susceptor. Thermally decomposing hydrogen sulfide in the thermal decomposition unit includes directing microwave energy into the porous susceptor to raise the temperature of the porous, susceptor to greater than 1,000° C. and then passing the hydrogen sulfide through the porous susceptor to thermally decompose the hydrogen sulfide and generate a thermal decomposition unit effluent. The process further includes separating the thermal decomposition unit effluent into a sulfur fraction, a hydrogen rich fraction, and a hydrogen sulfide fraction.
1 . A process for generating a hydrogen product from a feed gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide, comprising the following steps:
(a) thermally decomposing hydrogen sulfide present in the feed gas stream into hydrogen gas and elemental sulfur in a thermal decomposition unit, the thermal decomposition unit comprising a reactor vessel with a porous susceptor disposed and retained therein and a microwave generation unit positioned and configured to deliver microwave energy to the porous susceptor, wherein thermally decomposing hydrogen sulfide in the thermal decomposition unit comprises:
(i) directing microwave energy from the microwave generation unit into the porous susceptor to raise the temperature of the porous susceptor to greater than 1,000° C.,
(ii) feeding the hydrogen sulfide present in the feed gas stream into the thermal decomposition unit via a gas inlet,
(iii) passing the hydrogen sulfide through the porous susceptor to thermally decompose the hydrogen sulfide and generate a thermal decomposition unit effluent comprising hydrogen gas and elemental sulfur, and
(iv) exhausting the thermal decomposition unit effluent from the thermal decomposition unit via a gas outlet;
(b) separating the thermal decomposition unit effluent into a sulfur fraction, a hydrogen rich fraction, and a hydrogen sulfide fraction, wherein the hydrogen rich fraction is comprised of at least 90% by volume hydrogen gas, the hydrogen sulfide fraction comprises unreacted hydrogen sulfide in the thermal decomposition unit effluent, and the sulfur fraction comprises sulfur produced from the splitting of the hydrogen sulfide, and wherein a gaseous phase comprising the hydrogen gas and the unreacted hydrogen sulfide after removal of the sulfur fraction is separated into the hydrogen rich fraction and the hydrogen sulfide fraction through pressure swing adsorption; and
(c) obtaining the hydrogen product from the hydrogen rich fraction, wherein the hydrogen product is comprised of at least 95% by volume hydrogen gas.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen product from the hydrogen rich fraction is comprised of at least 98% by volume hydrogen gas.
3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the thermal decomposition unit is flushed with an inert gas such that thermally decomposing hydrogen sulfide in the thermal decomposition unit occurs in the absence of oxygen or water.
4 . The process of claim 3 , wherein the inert gas is nitrogen.
5 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed gas stream is separated to produce a purified hydrogen sulfide stream and a waste gas stream, the purified hydrogen sulfide fraction comprising at least 95 percent by volume hydrogen sulfide and the waste gas stream comprising a remainder of the feed gas stream after removal of the purified hydrogen sulfide fraction.
6 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen sulfide fraction separated from the thermal decomposition unit effluent is combined with the feed gas stream for further processing in the thermal decomposition unit.
7 . The process of claim 5 , wherein the hydrogen sulfide fraction separated from the thermal decomposition unit effluent is combined with the purified hydrogen sulfide fraction for further processing in the thermal decomposition unit.
8 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the porous susceptor comprises a material which absorbs microwave energy.
9 . The process of claim 8 , wherein the porous susceptor comprises one or more of activated carbon, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride.
10 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the porous susceptor comprises a porosity of 50 to 75 percent by volume.
11 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the porous susceptor comprises pores with an average pore size of 1 micron to 1 millimeter.
12 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the porous susceptor comprises one or more catalysts imbedded within the porous susceptor, the catalyst selected to increase the reaction rate of the thermal decomposition of the hydrogen sulfide, to reduce the temperature at which thermal decomposition of the hydrogen sulfide is initiated, or both.
13 . The process of claim 12 , wherein the catalyst comprises one or more of TiO 2 , MoS 2 , CdS 2 , and ZnO.
14 . The process of claim 12 , wherein the porous susceptor comprises the one or more catalysts at a concentration of up to 1 wt % of the porous susceptor.
15 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the microwave generation unit operates at 1,500 Watts of greater.
16 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the microwave generation unit provides electromagnetic radiation in the range of 1 to 10 GHz.
17 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur fraction is separated from the thermal decomposition unit effluent with two-phase separation in which the sulfur fraction is converted to a liquid phase by cooling the thermal decomposition unit effluent to allow separation of the sulfur fraction in the liquid phase from a gaseous phase comprising the hydrogen rich fraction and the hydrogen sulfide fraction.
18 . A process for generating a hydrogen product from a feed gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide, comprising the following steps:
(a) thermally decomposing hydrogen sulfide present in the feed gas stream into hydrogen gas and elemental sulfur in a thermal decomposition unit, the thermal decomposition unit comprising a reactor vessel with a porous susceptor disposed and retained therein and a microwave generation unit positioned and configured to deliver microwave energy to the porous susceptor, wherein thermally decomposing hydrogen sulfide in the thermal decomposition unit comprises:
(i) directing microwave energy from the microwave generation unit into the porous susceptor to raise the temperature of the porous susceptor to greater than 1,000° C.,
(ii) feeding the hydrogen sulfide present in the feed gas stream into the thermal decomposition unit via a gas inlet,
(iii) passing the hydrogen sulfide through the porous susceptor to thermally decompose the hydrogen sulfide and generate a thermal decomposition unit effluent comprising hydrogen gas and elemental sulfur, and
(iv) exhausting the thermal decomposition unit effluent from the thermal decomposition unit via a gas outlet;
(b) separating the thermal decomposition unit effluent into a sulfur fraction, a hydrogen rich fraction, and a hydrogen sulfide fraction, wherein the hydrogen rich fraction is comprised of at least 90% by volume hydrogen gas, the hydrogen sulfide fraction comprises unreacted hydrogen sulfide in the thermal decomposition unit effluent, and the sulfur fraction comprises sulfur produced from the splitting of the hydrogen sulfide, and wherein the sulfur fraction is separated from the thermal decomposition unit effluent with two-phase separation in which the sulfur fraction is converted to a liquid phase by cooling the thermal decomposition unit effluent to allow separation of the sulfur fraction in the liquid phase from a gaseous phase comprising the hydrogen rich fraction and the hydrogen sulfide fraction; and
(c) obtaining the hydrogen product from the hydrogen rich fraction, wherein the hydrogen product is comprised of at least 95% by volume hydrogen gas.
19 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed gas stream is separated to produce a purified hydrogen sulfide stream and a waste gas stream, the purified hydrogen sulfide fraction comprising at least 95 percent by volume hydrogen sulfide and the waste gas stream comprising a remainder of the feed gas stream after removal of the purified hydrogen sulfide fraction.
20 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the porous susceptor comprises a material which absorbs microwave energy.