Discretized patterned belt for tissues, towels, and nonwovens
The invention relates to an industrial fabric, such as a texturing belt, used to create three-dimensional structures in a product produced thereon, e.g., in the papermaking field, such as for fiber products, and in nonwoven processes. The invention concerns a texturing belt that can impart an endless variety of complex patterns utilizing discretization, such as, wherein individual subunits that comprise a pattern element are not connected, and therefore do not act as a stressed member of the texturing belt.
1 . An industrial fabric for producing a textured product, the industrial fabric comprising:
a first layer; and
a second layer covering at least a portion of a top surface of the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of non-adjoining subunits deposited on the top surface of the first layer to define a pattern comprising a pattern element having a discretized shape on the top surface of the first layer,
wherein the plurality of non-adjoining subunits are positioned within a perimeter of the discretized shape of the pattern element and at least partially define the perimeter of the discretized shape of the pattern element.
2 . The industrial fabric of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of non-adjoining subunits each have a three-dimensional shape.
3 . The industrial fabric of claim 2 , wherein the three-dimensional shape of the plurality of non-adjoining subunits comprises at least one shape selected from the group consisting of: a cube, a column, a pyramid, a cone, a prism, a sphere, an ellipsoid, and a tetrahedrons.
4 . The industrial fabric of claim 1 , wherein the pattern is a complex pattern.
5 . The industrial fabric of claim 1 , wherein the first layer comprises at least one base fabric selected from the group consisting of: a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a laminate, and a composite fabric.
6 . The industrial fabric of claim 1 , wherein the first layer comprises a nonwoven fabric, and the nonwoven fabric comprises at least one fiber structure selected from the group consisting of: a machine direction yarn array, a cross-machine direction yarn array, a braid, a series of independent rings, a spiral linked fabric, an extruded mesh, a knitted structure, a foil, a film, a spunbond fabric, a carded fiber, a needled fiber, an airlaid fiber, a melt blown fiber, and a wetlaid fiber structure.
7 . The industrial fabric of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of non-adjoining subunits comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of: engineered polymers, thermoplastics, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyamides, polyesters, co-polyesters, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), and thermosets.
8 . The industrial fabric of claim 7 , wherein the at least one material comprises the thermoset, and the thermoset is a catalyzed, moisture-cured, thermal-activated, or photo-activated polymer system.
9 . The industrial fabric of claim 1 , wherein the industrial fabric has a permeability that is 10 to 90% greater than a permeability of an industrial fabric with a continuous pattern element.
10 . The industrial fabric of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of non-adjoining subunits of the second layer extend over a length and/or a width of the first layer.
11 . The industrial fabric of claim 1 , wherein the pattern element comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of: a round shape, a polygonal shape, a line, a curve, a letter, a number, a word, a logo, a trademark, an animal, a plant, a food, a person, and a terrain.
12 . The industrial fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the industrial fabric is a texturing belt or processing belt.
13 . The industrial fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of non-adjoining subunits comprise an inter-subunit spacing configured to minimize substantial fiber penetration of the textured product into an area between the plurality of non-adjoining subunits of the pattern element when the industrial fabric is used to produce the textured product.
14 . The industrial fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of non-adjoining subunits of the pattern element comprise an inter-subunit spacing defining an area between the plurality of non-adjoining subunits, the area between the plurality of non-adjoining subunits sized to cause fibers of the textured product to extend across the area between the plurality of non-adjoining subunits when the industrial fabric is used to produce textured product.
15 . The industrial fabric according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of the non-adjoining subunits of the second layer are in-plane with a surface of the first layer.
16 . The industrial fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the industrial fabric comprises three or more layers, the three or more layers comprising the first layer and the second layer.
17 . The industrial fabric of claim 16 , wherein the three or more layers comprises a third layer comprising at least one base fabric selected from the group consisting of: woven fabrics, nonwovens, laminates, and composites.
18 . The industrial fabric according to claim 1 , further comprising a third layer, wherein the third layer is a base fabric, and wherein the first layer covers at least a portion of a top surface of the third layer.
19 . The industrial fabric of claim 1 , wherein the perimeter of the discretized shape of the pattern element is at least partially defined by the plurality of non-adjoining subunits and an area between the plurality of non-adjoining subunits.
20 . The industrial fabric of claim 1 , wherein shapes of the plurality of non-adjoining subunits are uniform and extend across an area defined by the perimeter of discretized shape of the pattern element.
21 . The industrial fabric of claim 20 , wherein the second layer comprises one or more non-adjoining subunits positioned within the perimeter of the discretized shape of the pattern element, and wherein the one or more non-adjoining subunits does not adjoin the plurality of non-adjoining subunits and comprises a shape distinct from the shapes of the plurality of non-adjoining subunits.
22 . The industrial fabric of claim 21 , wherein the one or more non-adjoining subunits at least partially defines the perimeter of the discretized shape of the pattern element.
23 . The industrial fabric of claim 1 , wherein:
the pattern element is a first pattern element, and the plurality of non-adjoining subunits is a first plurality of non-adjoining subunits; and
the second layer comprises a second plurality of non-adjoining subunits to define a second pattern element having a discretized shape on the top surface of the first layer, the discretized shape of the second pattern element being defined by a perimeter, wherein the second plurality of non-adjoining subunits are positioned within the perimeter of the discretized shape of the second pattern element and at least partially define the perimeter of the discretized shape of the second pattern element.
24 . The industrial fabric of claim 23 , wherein the discretized shape of the first pattern element and the discretized shape of the second pattern element are spaced apart from one another.
25 . The industrial fabric of claim 1 , wherein a length of a subunit of the plurality of non-adjoining subunits is no more than 1 mm.
26 . The industrial fabric of claim 1 , wherein the first layer comprises a first region where the plurality of non-adjoining subunits are distributed and a second region where the plurality of non-adjoining subunits are not distributed, wherein the second region surrounds the first region to at least partially define the discretized shape of the pattern element.
27 . A method of producing a textured product comprising: texturing a product with an industrial fabric, the industrial fabric comprising:
a first layer; and
a second layer covering at least a portion of a top surface of the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of non-adjoining subunits deposited on the top surface of the first layer to define a pattern comprising a pattern element having a discretized shape on the top surface of the first layer,
wherein the plurality of non-adjoining subunits are positioned within a perimeter of the discretized shape of the pattern element and at least partially define the perimeter of the discretized shape of the pattern element.
28 . The method of claim 27 , wherein the plurality of non-adjoining subunits each have a three-dimensional shape.
29 . The method of claim 27 , wherein the pattern element comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of: a round shape, a polygonal shape, a line, a curve, a letter, a number, a word, a logo, a trademark, an animal, a plant, a food, a person, and a terrain.