Backscatter-based positioning

1 . A method of wireless communication performed by a network entity, the method comprising:

receiving a tag device indicator that indicates a tag capability, the tag capability including the frequency shifting capability, the phase scrambling capability, or a combination thereof;

generating a tag configuration associated with transmission of a backscatter signal based on a positioning reference signal (PRS), the tag configuration indicating:

a frequency shifting parameter based on a frequency shifting capability of a tag device,

a phase scrambling parameter based on a phase scrambling capability of the tag device, or

a combination thereof; and

transmitting the tag configuration.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the frequency shifting capability includes a bandwidth of the backscatter signal, frequency shift waveforms configurable by the tag device, a time delay associated with switching a frequency of the backscatter signal, an amount of time during which the tag device is configurable to perform frequency shifting operations, a power level available, at the tag device, for performing the frequency shifting operations, or a combination thereof.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the frequency shifting parameter includes a backscatter frequency offset value of the backscatter signal, an indication of frequency shift waveform, a timeframe during which a frequency shifting operation is to be performed, or a combination thereof, and

the frequency shifting parameter is configured based on the frequency shifting capability.

4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

transmitting a transmit/receive point (TRP) configuration, and

wherein the TRP configuration includes a PRS configuration, a measurement gap configuration, or a combination thereof.

5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the PRS configuration includes the frequency shifting parameter, the phase scrambling parameter, a PRS time offset value, or a combination thereof.

6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the PRS configuration includes a backscatter frequency offset value of the backscatter signal, a waveform corresponding to the PRS, a bandwidth corresponding to the PRS, a sequence type corresponding to the PRS, a sequence length corresponding to the PRS, or a combination thereof.

7 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

receiving, from a transmit/receive point (TRP), a measurement report that indicates a channel condition experienced by the TRP, an interference experienced by the TRP, or a combination thereof; and

determining, based on the measurement report, a position of the tag device, and

wherein:

the tag configuration is generated based on the measurement report, and

the interference corresponds to interference with the backscatter signal.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the phase scrambling capability includes supported phase values of the tag device, scaling factor values selectable by the tag device, an amount of time during which a phase scattering operation is performable, an amount of power available to the tag device to perform the phase scattering operation, or a combination thereof.

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the phase scrambling parameter includes a scaling factor, a phase sequence with phase shifts, a length of the phase sequence, or a combination thereof.

10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the tag configuration indicates the frequency shifting parameter and the phase scrambling parameter.

11 . A method of wireless communication performed by a transmission/reception point (TRP), the method comprising:

transmitting, to the network entity, a measurement report, wherein the measurement report indicates a type and a magnitude of interference in a backscatter signal received from a tag device in response to transmission of the PRS;

receiving, from a network entity, a TRP configuration that indicates:

a frequency shifting parameter,

a phase scrambling parameter, or

a combination thereof; and

transmitting, based on the TRP configuration, a PRS.

12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:

receiving a backscatter signal from a tag device in response to the PRS;

removing interference from the backscatter signal;

transmitting a measurement report, wherein the measurement report includes signal processing data corresponding to the backscatter signal; and

determining a PRS time offset value based on the backscatter signal and the frequency shifting parameter.

13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein determining the PRS time offset value comprises:

removing a frequency shifting offset from the backscatter signal, the frequency shifting parameter indicates the frequency shifting offset;

passing the backscatter signal through a low pass filter; and

correlating the PRS with randomly selected time offset values to identify the PRS time offset value.

14 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:

receiving a backscatter signal from a tag device in response to the PRS;

removing interference from the backscatter signal; and

transmitting a measurement report, wherein the measurement report includes signal processing data corresponding to the backscatter signal, and

wherein the backscatter signal is phase scrambled.

15 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising:

descrambling the phase scrambled backscatter signal based on the frequency shifting parameter, the phase scrambling parameter, or a combination thereof.

16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein descrambling the phase scrambled backscatter signal includes:

identifying a backscatter signal time offset value;

identifying a PRS time offset value; and

correlating the PRS and backscatter signal based on the PRS time offset value and the backscatter signal time offset value.

17 . The method of claim 16 , further comprising:

extracting interference from the backscatter signal by correlating the PRS and the backscatter signal based on the PRS time offset value and the backscatter signal time offset value; and

iteratively updating the PRS time offset value and the backscatter signal time offset value until the interference is extracted.

18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein identifying the backscatter signal time offset value includes randomly testing candidate backscatter signal time offset values selected from a period of the backscatter signal.

19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein identifying the PRS time offset value includes randomly testing candidate PRS time offset values.

20 . A method of wireless communication performed by a tag device, the method comprising:

transmitting, to a network entity, a tag device indicator that indicates a tag capability of the tag device, the tag capability including the frequency shifting capability, the phase scrambling capability, or both;

receiving a tag configuration that indicates:

a frequency shifting parameter based on a frequency shifting capability of the tag device,

a phase scrambling parameter based on a phase scrambling capability of the tag device, or

a combination thereof, and

transmitting, based on the tag configuration, a backscatter signal in response to a positioning reference signal (PRS).

21 . The method of claim 20 , further comprising:

receiving the PRS from a transmit/receive point (TRP), wherein the PRS is configured based on a PRS configuration received from the network entity; and

generating the backscatter signal based on the PRS.

22 . The method of claim 20 , further comprising:

determining, based on the tag configuration, the frequency shifting parameter, the phase scrambling parameter, or a combination thereof, and

configuring one or more components of the tag device based on the frequency shifting parameter, the phase scrambling parameter, or a combination thereof.

23 . The method of claim 20 , further comprising:

generating the backscatter signal based on the frequency shifting parameter, the phase scrambling parameter, or both.

24 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the tag configuration indicates the frequency shifting parameter and the phase scrambling parameter.

25 . An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus including:

at least one processor; and

a memory coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:

receive, from a network entity, a transmit/receive point (TRP) configuration that indicates a frequency shifting parameter, a phase scrambling parameter, or a combination thereof, wherein the frequency shifting parameter includes a backscatter frequency offset value of a backscatter signal and a timeframe during which a frequency shifting operation is to be performed, and wherein the frequency shifting parameter is configured based on a frequency shifting capability of the tag device; and

initiate transmission of a positioning reference signal (PRS) to a tag device.

26 . The apparatus of claim 25 , further comprising:

receiving a backscatter signal from the tag device in response to the PRS.

27 . The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein:

the phase scrambling parameter includes a scaling factor, a phase sequence with phase shifts, a length of the phase sequence, or a combination thereof, and

the phase scrambling parameter is based on a phase scrambling capability of the tag device.