Frequency droop to coordinate hydrogen production
A system and method of power management for a power generation system is disclosed. A method of power management for a hydrogen generation system including one or more electrochemical stacks, the one or more electrochemical stacks receiving power from an electrical grid including at least one power source, includes: receiving a frequency or voltage reference value for the hydrogen generation system; continually monitoring a frequency or voltage of the electrical grid; and varying a load of the hydrogen generation system in response to the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid differing from the frequency or voltage reference value to restore the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid to the frequency or voltage reference value.
1 . A method of power management for a hydrogen generation system including one or more electrochemical stacks, the one or more electrochemical stacks receiving power from an electrical grid including a plurality of DC power sources and at least one AC power source, the method comprising:
storing a frequency or voltage reference value for the hydrogen generation system;
continually monitoring a frequency or voltage of the electrical grid;
receiving, via at least one transformer, AC power from the at least one AC power source and stepping down a voltage of the AC power from a first voltage to a second voltage;
receiving, via a plurality of power converters, DC power from a respective one of the plurality of DC power sources and converting the received DC power to AC power;
varying, via a plurality of voltage/frequency controllers, each voltage/frequency controller coupled with a respective power converter of the plurality of power converters, a load of the hydrogen generation system in response to the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid differing from the frequency or voltage reference value to restore the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid to the frequency or voltage reference value; and
operating a plurality of droop controllers in a synchronous mode on the same electrical grid, each droop controller of the plurality of droop controllers coupled a respective one of the voltage/frequency controllers, such that the plurality of power converters divide electrical loads in proportion to their power, wherein each power converter's output and frequency are inversely proportional.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein varying comprises increasing the load of the hydrogen generation system if the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid is greater than the frequency or voltage reference value.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein increasing the load comprises adding at least one new electrochemical stack to the one or more electrochemical stacks receiving power from the electrical grid or increasing the power to at least one of the one or more electrochemical stacks.
4 . The method of claim 2 , wherein increasing the load comprises charging at least one storage battery.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein varying comprises decreasing the load of the hydrogen generation system if the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid is lower than the frequency or voltage reference value.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein decreasing the load comprises removing at least one electrochemical stack from the one or more electrochemical stacks receiving power from the electrical grid or decreasing the power to at least one of the one or more electrochemical stacks.
7 . The method of claim 5 , further comprising adding power from a storage battery to the electrical grid to restore the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid to the frequency or voltage reference value.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical grid comprises at least one of a municipal electrical grid or a microgrid including one or more direct current (DC) power sources coupled to the electrical grid via one or more power converters.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the frequency or voltage reference value comprises a frequency or voltage needed to maintain a rate of hydrogen production.
10 . A power management system for a hydrogen generation system including one or more electrochemical stacks, the one or more electrochemical stacks receiving power from an electrical grid including a plurality of DC power sources and at least one AC power source, the power management system comprising:
a memory to store a frequency or voltage reference value for the hydrogen generation system;
a communication interface continually monitoring a frequency or voltage of the electrical grid;
at least one transformer configured to receive AC power from the at least one AC power source and step down a voltage of the AC power from a first voltage to a second voltage;
a plurality of power converters coupled to the communication interface, each power converter configured to receive DC power from a respective one of the plurality of DC power sources and convert the received DC power to AC power;
a plurality of voltage/frequency controllers, each voltage/frequency controller coupled with a respective power converter of the plurality of power converters, each voltage/frequency controller configured to vary a load of the hydrogen generation system in response to the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid differing from the frequency or voltage reference value to restore the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid to the frequency or voltage reference value; and
a plurality of droop controllers, each droop controller of the plurality of droop controllers coupled a respective one of the voltage/frequency controllers, wherein the plurality of droop controllers operate in parallel in a synchronous mode on the same electrical grid, such that the plurality of power converters divide electrical loads in proportion to their power, wherein each power converter's output and frequency are inversely proportional.
11 . The power management system of claim 10 , wherein the controller is to vary the load of the hydrogen generation system by increasing the load of the hydrogen generation system if the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid is greater than the frequency or voltage reference value.
12 . The power management system of claim 11 , wherein the controller is to increase the load by adding at least one new electrochemical stack to the one or more electrochemical stacks receiving power from the electrical grid or increasing the power to at least one of the one or more electrochemical stacks.
13 . The power management system of claim 11 , wherein the controller is to increase the load by charging at least one storage battery.
14 . The power management system of claim 10 , wherein the controller is to vary the load of the hydrogen generation system by decreasing the load of the hydrogen generation system if the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid is lower than the frequency or voltage reference value.
15 . The power management system of claim 14 , wherein the controller is to decrease the load by removing at least one electrochemical stack from the one or more electrochemical stacks receiving power from the electrical grid or decreasing the power to at least one of the one or more electrochemical stacks.
16 . The power management system of claim 14 , wherein the controller is further to add power from a storage battery to the electrical grid to restore the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid to the frequency or voltage reference value.
17 . The power management system of claim 10 , wherein the electrical grid comprises at least one of a municipal electrical grid or a microgrid including one or more direct current (DC) power sources coupled to the electrical grid via one or more power converters.
18 . The power management system of claim 10 , wherein the frequency or voltage reference value comprises a frequency or voltage needed to maintain a rate of hydrogen production.
19 . A non-transitory computer-readable medium including program code that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method of power management for a hydrogen generation system including one or more electrochemical stacks, the one or more electrochemical stacks receiving power from an electrical grid including a plurality of DC power sources and at least one AC power source, the method comprising:
storing a frequency or voltage reference value for the hydrogen generation system;
continually monitoring a frequency or voltage of the electrical grid;
receiving, via at least one transformer, AC power from the at least one AC power source and stepping down a voltage of the AC power from a first voltage to a second voltage;
receiving, via a plurality of power converters, DC power from a respective one of the plurality of DC power sources and converting the received DC power to AC power;
varying, via a plurality of voltage/frequency controllers, each voltage/frequency controller coupled with a respective power converter of the plurality of power converters, a load of the hydrogen generation system in response to the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid differing from the frequency or voltage reference value to restore the frequency or voltage of the electrical grid to the frequency or voltage reference value; and
operating a plurality of droop controllers in a synchronous mode on the same electrical grid, each droop controller of the plurality of droop controllers coupled a respective one of the voltage/frequency controllers, such that the plurality of power converters divide electrical loads in proportion to their power, wherein each power converter's output and frequency are inversely proportional.