Nonwoven fabric and the production thereof
The present invention relates to a nonwoven fabric and the production thereof. More specifically, the invention relates to a dispersible and biodegradable nonwoven fabric comprising a web prepared using a wet lay forming process. The process involves forming a web from the aqueous suspension on a wire support, hydroentangling and drying the web. The web can be provided with a high quality hydroembossed pattern, which remains even in wet wipes prepared from the material.
1 . A nonwoven fabric comprising hydroentangled fibers, the fibers comprising about 5%-45% by weight of regenerated short cut fibers and about 55%-95% by weight of natural fibers, wherein 10%-20% by weight of the regenerated short cut fibers have a length in a range of 6-12 mm and 80%-90% by weight have a length in a range of from 3 mm to less than 6 mm,
wherein the nonwoven fabric comprises a three-dimensional pattern formed into the nonwoven fabric,
wherein the three-dimensional pattern defines a difference in the thickness in the nonwoven fabric,
wherein the difference in thickness comprises a difference between a maximum thickness and a minimum thickness in the nonwoven fabric, and
wherein the three-dimensional pattern defines a machine readable code.
2 . The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein 10%-20% by weight of the regenerated short cut fibers have a length in a range 6-8 mm and 80-90% by weight have a length in a range of 4-5 mm.
3 . The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the regenerated short cut fibers have a dtex in a range 0.7 to 2.2 dtex.
4 . The nonwoven fabric according to any claim 1 , wherein the regenerated short cut fibers are selected from the group consisting of, lyocell, viscose, rayon, and tencel.
5 . The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 wherein the natural fibers are formed from a material selected from the group consisting of wood pulp, hemp, flax, cotton, jute, bamboo, sisal, jute, and kapok.
6 . The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the nonwoven fabric is at least 200 μm.
7 . The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional pattern comprises an angle of inclination between the minimum thickness and the maximum thickness in a range of 48°-90°.
8 . The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional pattern comprises at least 10% more fibers by weight than a non-patterned area of the nonwoven fabric.
9 . The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the nonwoven fabric comprises a basis weight of 50 gsm-120 gsm.
10 . The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein a machine direction (MD) wet strength of the nonwoven fabric is in a range of 650 g/50 mm to 1400 g/50 mm and a cross direction (CD) wet strength is in a range of 400 g/50 mm to 650 g/50 mm.
11 . The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein upon wetting of the nonwoven fabric with liquid 2.5 times a weight of the nonwoven fabric and aging for more than one week, the nonwoven fabric has a slosh box dispersibility according to EDANA & INDA FG502 (GD4) Guidelines of more than 94% in 5 min and 98% in 10 min.
12 . The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , which, when wetted with liquid 2.5 times the weight of the nonwoven fabric and aged for more than one week, has a slosh box dispersibility according to IWSFG Test Methods of more than 95% in 30 min.
13 . The nonwoven fabric according to claim 1 , wherein the natural fibers have a length in a range of 1-3 mm and a dtex in a range of 1.0 to 1.4 dtex.
14 . A method for producing a nonwoven fabric material, comprising:
providing an aqueous suspension of fibers comprising about 5%-45% by weight of regenerated short cut fibers and about 55%-95% of natural fibers, wherein 10%-20% by weight of the regenerated short cut fibers have a length in a range of 6-12 mm and 80%-90% by weight of the regenerated short cut fibers have a length in a range of 3 to less than 6 mm:
forming a web from the aqueous suspension on a wire support;
hydroentangling the web;
removing the web from the wire support and transferring the web to a hydroembossing roll; and
drying the web to the produce nonwoven fabric material
wherein the hydroentangling comprises hydroembossing the web,
wherein the hydroembossing roll forms a three-dimensional pattern on the nonwoven fabric,
wherein the three-dimensional pattern defines a difference in thickness in the nonwoven fabric,
wherein the difference in thickness comprises a difference between a maximum thickness and a minimum thickness in the nonwoven fabric, and
wherein the three-dimensional pattern defines a machine readable code.
15 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein 10%-20% of the short cut fibers have a length in a range 6-8 mm and 80-90% by weight have a length in a range of 4-5 mm.