Ground-source thermal system for rejecting data center waste heat to a facility
A thermal system includes a borehole heat exchanger, a facility, a data center including at least one heat generating electronic component, and a ground-source heat pump. A dynamic downhole fluid circuit connects the data center, the borehole heat exchanger, and the ground-source heat pump with a flow of a downhole fluid and is configured to connect the data center, the borehole heat exchanger, and the ground-source heat pump in a plurality of different configurations to reject heat from the data center. The thermal system further includes a facility fluid circuit for connecting the facility and the ground-source heat pump with a facility fluid, wherein the ground-source heat pump thermally connects the dynamic downhole fluid circuit and the facility fluid circuit.
1. A thermal system, comprising:
a borehole heat exchanger (BHE);
a facility;
a data center including at least one heat generating electronic component;
a ground-source heat pump (GSHP);
a dynamic downhole fluid circuit comprising:
a plurality of flow paths fluidly connecting the data center, the BHE, and the GSHP,
at least one pump driving a downhole fluid through the plurality of flow paths between the data center, the BHE, and the GSHP, and
a plurality of valves directing the downhole fluid through the plurality of flow paths between the data center, the BHE, and the GSHP, the plurality of valves having a plurality of different configurations to direct the downhole fluid to reject heat from the data center to the GSHP and/or the BHE, wherein a flow direction of the downhole fluid through the plurality of flow paths changes between the plurality of different configurations of the plurality of valves; and
a facility fluid circuit fluidly connecting the facility and the GSHP with a facility fluid, wherein the GSHP thermally connects the dynamic downhole fluid circuit and the facility fluid circuit.
2. The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein, in a first configuration of the plurality of valves, the downhole fluid is directed via the plurality of valves to flow from the data center toward the GSHP to transfer heat from the data center to the facility via the GSHP and the downhole fluid is directed via the plurality of valves to flow from the BHE toward the GHSP to transfer heat from the BHE to the facility via the GSHP.
3. The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein, in a second configuration of the plurality of valves, the downhole fluid is directed via the plurality of valves to flow from the data center toward the GSHP to transfer heat from the data center to the facility and the downhole fluid is directed via the plurality of valves to flow from the data center toward the BHE to transfer heat from the data center to the BHE.
4. The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein, in a third configuration of the plurality of valves, the downhole fluid is directed via the plurality of valves to flow between the data center and the BHE in a closed loop to transfer heat from the data center to the BHE, and the plurality of valves in the third configuration isolate the GSHP from the closed loop.
5. The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein in a third configuration of the plurality of valves, the downhole fluid is directed via the plurality of valves to flow between the data center, the BHE, and the GSHP, and the GSHP is turned off to transfer heat from the data center to the BHE without transferring heat to the facility via the GSHP.
6. The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein, in a fourth configuration of the plurality of valves, the downhole fluid is directed via the plurality of valves to flow from the data center toward the BHE to transfer heat from the data center to the BHE and the downhole fluid is directed via the plurality of valves to flow from the GSHP toward the BHE to transfer heat from the facility to the BHE.
7. The thermal system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more sensors, wherein the plurality of valves is controllable between the plurality of different configurations based on monitoring heat generated by the data center.
8. The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of valves is controllable between the plurality of different configurations based on monitoring a thermal load of the facility.
9. The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein the data center is collocated with the facility.
10. The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein the facility includes a collection of multiple thermal consumers.
11. The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein a peak heating load of the facility is greater than a thermal capacity of the data center.
12. The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein the data center is configured with a liquid cooling system for rejecting heat from the at least one heat generating electronic component.
13. A dynamic downhole fluid circuit, comprising:
a data center;
a borehole heat exchanger (BHE);
a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) for transferring heat with a facility;
a plurality of flow paths fluidly connecting the data center, the BHE, and the GSHP;
at least one pump driving a downhole fluid through the plurality of flow paths between the data center, the BHE, and the GSHP; and
a plurality of valves directing the downhole fluid through the plurality of flow paths between the data center, the BHE, and the GSHP, wherein the plurality of valves is configurable between:
a first mode in which the plurality of valves directs the downhole fluid from the data center toward the BHE for rejecting heat from the data center to the BHE;
a second mode in which the plurality of valves directs the downhole fluid from the data center toward the BHE for rejecting heat from the data center to the BHE and in which the plurality of valves directs the downhole fluid from the data center toward the GSHP for rejecting heat from the data center to the GSHP; and
a third mode in which the plurality of valves directs the downhole fluid from the data center toward the GSHP for rejecting heat from the data center to the GSHP and in which the plurality of valves directs the downhole fluid from the BHE toward the GSHP for rejecting heat from the BHE to the GSHP.
14. The fluid circuit of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of valves is configurable for a fourth mode in which the plurality of valves directs the downhole fluid from the data center toward the BHE for rejecting heat from the data center to the BHE and in which the plurality of valves directs the downhole fluid from the GSHP to the BHE for rejecting heat from the GSHP to the BHE.
15. The fluid circuit of claim 13 , wherein the GSHP is connected to a facility fluid circuit for transferring heat between the dynamic downhole fluid circuit and the facility fluid circuit.
16. A method of operating the thermal system of claim 1 , comprising:
generating the data center heat with the at least one heat generating electronic component of the data center;
transferring the data center heat from the data center to the downhole fluid;
exchanging heat between the facility and the downhole fluid via the GSHP to fulfill at least a portion of a thermal load of the facility; and
maintaining a thermal balance of the downhole fluid with the BHE implemented in a borefield.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
the thermal load of the facility is a heating load,
exchanging heat includes transferring the data center heat from the downhole fluid to the facility, wherein the thermal load of the facility is greater than the data center heat, and
maintaining the thermal balance of the downhole fluid includes transferring a ground heat from the borefield via the BHE to the downhole fluid to supplement the data center heat to meet the thermal load of the facility.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
the thermal load of the facility is a heating load,
exchanging heat includes transferring the data center heat from the downhole fluid to the facility, wherein the thermal load of the facility is less than the data center heat, and
maintaining the thermal balance of the downhole fluid includes transferring an excess portion of the data center heat from the downhole fluid to the borefield via the BHE.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
the thermal load of the facility is a cooling load,
exchanging heat includes transferring a facility heat from the facility to the downhole fluid via the GSHP, and
maintaining the thermal balance of the downhole fluid includes transferring the data center heat and the facility heat from the downhole fluid to the borefield via the BHE.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein:
the facility has no thermal load and no heat is exchanged between the facility and the downhole fluid via the GSHP, and
maintaining the thermal balance of the downhole fluid includes transferring the data center heat from the downhole fluid to the borefield via the BHE.