Process and system for lithium production
A process and system are disclosed for producing a lithium product from a solution comprising lithium nitrate. The solution comprising lithium nitrate can be obtained by reacting a lithium-containing metal silicate with nitric acid. The process and system comprise subjecting the solution comprising lithium nitrate to a first thermal treatment procedure (in one or more heated vessels) in which water and nitric acid (when present) are removed, and whereby a resultant lithium nitrate-rich crystal slurry is heated to produce a molten liquid. The process and system also comprise passing the molten liquid to a second thermal treatment procedure (in a further-heated vessel) in which the molten liquid is heated to substantially decompose lithium nitrate to lithium oxide.
1 . A process for extracting lithium and aluminium from a lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral, the process comprising the sequential steps of:
mixing the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral with nitric acid, thereby forming a mixture;
subjecting the mixture to a leaching process such that the lithium and the aluminium are leached into an aqueous phase, thereby forming a leach slurry comprising a leach liquor and a leached mineral, wherein the leach liquor comprises the lithium and the aluminium;
passing the leach slurry through a solid-liquid separation stage in which the leach liquor is separated from the leached mineral; and
subjecting the leach liquor to an aluminium precipitation stage in which the aluminium therein is precipitated, said aluminium precipitation stage comprises a thermal treatment comprising heating the leach liquor to cause aluminium to auto-precipitate therefrom.
2 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the leaching process comprises heating the mixture and wherein the process further comprises allowing the leach slurry to cool, thereby forming a cooled leach slurry, and passing the cooled leach slurry through the solid-liquid separation stage.
3 . The process according to claim 2 , the process further comprising reducing a pressure of the cooled leach slurry, prior to passing the cooled leach slurry through the solid-liquid separation stage.
4 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral comprises one or more of: spodumene, petalite, eucryptite, lepidolite, zinnwaldite.
5 . The process according to claim 4 , wherein the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral comprises β spodumene.
6 . The process according to claim 5 , wherein the process further comprises calcining α spodumene to convert the α spodumene to the β spodumene.
7 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid-liquid separation stage further comprises washing the leached mineral with water, wherein said washing produces wash water, and wherein the process further comprises adding the wash water to the leach liquor such that the leach liquor that is subjected to the aluminium precipitation stage comprises the wash water.
8 . The process according to claim 1 , the process further comprising separating the aluminium precipitate from the solution comprising the lithium.
9 . The process according to claim 8 , the process further comprising precipitating contaminants in the solution comprising the lithium, thereby producing contaminant precipitates in the solution, and separating the contaminant precipitates from the solution.
10 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process further produces a gas comprising nitric acid vapour, and the process further comprises passing said gas to a nitric acid production process.
11 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process further produces a gas comprising nitric acid vapour, and wherein the process further comprises: (i) condensing said gas, thereby producing condensed nitric acid, and (ii) using said condensed nitric acid in the mixing with the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral, such that said condensed nitric acid forms at least a portion of the nitric acid mixed with the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral.
12 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral is mixed with a stoichiometric excess of the nitric acid.
13 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the nitric acid is in a solution having a nitric acid concentration in the range of between 28% to 68% by weight.
14 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aluminium precipitation stage further comprises one or more pH adjustment stages, wherein in each of said one or more pH adjustment stages, a pH of the leach liquor is raised by adding an alkali to the leach liquor; and wherein the aluminium precipitation stage further comprises precipitating aluminium from the leach liquor as aluminium hydroxide.
15 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal treatment further produces a gas comprising nitric acid vapour, and wherein the process further comprises passing said gas to a nitric acid production process.
16 . The process according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal treatment further produces a gas comprising nitric acid vapour, and wherein the process further comprises: (i) condensing said gas, thereby producing condensed nitric acid, and (ii) using said condensed nitric acid in the mixing with the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral, such that said condensed nitric acid forms at least a portion of the nitric acid mixed with the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral.
17 . A process for extracting lithium and aluminium from a lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral, the process comprising the sequential steps of:
mixing the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral with nitric acid, thereby forming a mixture;
subjecting the mixture to a leaching process whereby the lithium and the aluminium are leached into an aqueous phase, thereby forming a leach slurry comprising a leach liquor and a leached mineral, wherein the leach liquor comprises the lithium and the aluminium;
passing the leach slurry through a solid-liquid separation stage in which the leach liquor is separated from the leached mineral; and
subjecting the leach liquor to an aluminium precipitation stage in which aluminium therein is precipitated, said aluminium precipitation stage comprising:
a thermal treatment, said thermal treatment comprising heating the leach liquor to cause aluminium to auto-precipitate therefrom; and
one or more pH adjustment stages, wherein in each of said one or more pH adjustment stages, a pH of the leach liquor is raised by adding an alkali to the leach liquor.
18 . The process according to claim 17 , the process further comprising: passing a gas comprising one or more of oxygen, oxides of nitrogen, nitric acid vapour, and water vapour, to a nitric acid production process; and producing nitric acid in said nitric acid production process; wherein the nitric acid produced in the nitric acid production process forms at least a portion of the nitric acid mixed with the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral.
19 . The process according to claim 17 , wherein the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral comprises β spodumene.
20 . The process according to claim 17 , wherein the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral comprises one or more of: spodumene, petalite, eucryptite, lepidolite, zinnwaldite.
21 . The process according to claim 17 , wherein the alkali comprises lithium hydroxide.
22 . The process according to claim 17 , wherein said heating of the leach liquor during the thermal treatment produces a gas comprising nitric acid vapour, and wherein the process further comprises: (i) condensing said gas, thereby producing condensed nitric acid, and (ii) using said condensed nitric acid in the mixing with the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral, such that said condensed nitric acid forms at least a portion of the nitric acid mixed with the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral.
23 . The process according to claim 17 , wherein the lithium-containing aluminosilicate mineral is mixed with a stoichiometric excess of the nitric acid.
24 . The process according to claim 17 , wherein the solid-liquid separation stage further comprises washing the leached mineral with water, wherein said washing produces wash water, and wherein the process further comprises adding the wash water to the leach liquor such that the leach liquor that is subjected to the aluminium precipitation stage comprises the wash water.