Method of screening for anti-drug antibodies against immunoglobulin single variable domain-based drugs
The present invention relates to improved immunogenicity assays and methods for performing the same. In particular, the present invention relates to improved immunogenicity assays that are capable of distinguishing neutralizing anti-drug antibodies from non-neutralizing anti-drug antibodies. More in particular, the present invention relates to improved immunogenicity assays that allow (amounts and/or concentrations of) neutralizing anti-drug antibodies to be detected and/or measured in a sample even in the presence of non-neutralizing anti-drug antibodies.
1 . A method comprising:
a) selecting an immunoglobulin single variable domain (ISV)-based drug, wherein the ISV-based drug comprises a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence of one or more ISV(s), each ISV comprising four framework regions (FW1, FW2, FW3, and FW4) and three complementarity determining regions (CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3);
b) producing an ISV-based drug variant that comprises a structure that is essentially identical to the ISV-based drug, wherein the ISV-based drug variant has, relative to the ISV-based drug, one or more amino acid changes in a CDR(s);
c) contacting a sample with the ISV-based drug variant and a first agent, wherein said first agent is immobilized on a support and comprises said ISV-based drug, and wherein said contacting occurs under conditions such that any neutralizing ADAs against the ISV-based drug can bind to the ISV-based drug of the first agent;
d) washing the first agent to remove components or constituents present in said sample that are not bound to the first agent; and
e) contacting the first agent and any neutralizing ADAs bound to the ISV-based drug of the first agent with a second agent, wherein the second agent comprises said ISV-based drug linked to a detectable label, wherein said contacting occurs under conditions such that the ISV-based drug of said second agent can be bound by any neutralizing ADA against the ISV-based drug that are bound to the ISV-based drug of the first agent.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , in which the ISV-based drug variant has a degree of sequence identity with the ISV-based drug of at least 95%, not taking into account the changes in the CDR(s).
3 . The method according to claim 1 , which is performed on a sample that contains or is suspected to contain, both neutralizing and non-neutralizing ADAs against the ISV-based drug.
4 . The method according to claim 1 , which is performed on a sample obtained from a human subject.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ISV-based drug variant has, without considering the amino acid changes in the CDR(s), a degree of sequence identity with the ISV-based drug of at least 90%.
6 . The method according to claim 1 , which is performed on a sample of whole blood, serum, plasma, lymph fluid, ocular fluid, bronchoalveolar fluid/BALF, cerebrospinal fluid or another biological fluid.
7 . The method according to claim 6 , wherein the biological fluid is sputum or nasal washes.
8 . The method according to claim 6 , wherein the biological fluid is a sample of whole blood, serum or plasma.
9 . The method according to claim 1 , in which the ISV-based drug comprises at least two ISVs.
10 . The method according to claim 9 , in which the ISV-based drug comprises at least one ISV against serum albumin.
11 . The method according to claim 9 , in which the ISV-based drug comprises 2, 3, 4 or 5 ISVs.
12 . The method of claim 9 , in which the ISV-based drug comprises two or more ISVs having identical CDRs.
13 . The method of claim 9 , in which the ISV-based drug comprises two or more ISVs having amino acid differences in one or more CDR(s).
14 . The method of claim 13 , in which the ISV-based drug variant does not comprise any ISV having identical CDRs to an ISV of the ISV-based drug.