Nutritional composition and infant formula for promoting de novo myelination
A synthetic nutritional composition containing a phospholipid and/or a metabolic precursor and/or metabolite thereof for use to promote, support or optimise de novo myelination, in particular the de novo myelination trajectory, and/or brain structure, and/or brain connectivity, and/or intellectual potential and/or cognitive potential, and/or learning potential and/or cognitive functioning in a subject, in particular a formula fed subject.
1 . A method for promoting, supporting, or optimizing de novo myelination, brain structure, brain connectivity, intellectual potential, cognitive potential, and/or learning potential and cognitive function in a formula-fed subject, wherein the formula-fed subject is a human infant or child, wherein the brain structure refers to an amount and/or a spatial distribution of myelinated matter throughout the brain of the formula-fed subject and/or within specific brain regions of the formula-fed subject, and wherein the cognitive function is optimized if scores of the formula-fed subject in a standardized neurodevelopmental test are less than one standard deviation different from that of an exclusively breastfed subject born to a well-nourished mother, the method comprising administering a synthetic nutritional composition comprising a phospholipid, a metabolic precursor, and/or a metabolite thereof to the formula-fed subject.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phospholipid is a compound of formula (I) or a mixture of compounds of formula (I)
wherein,
R 1 is O;
X is NH or O;
R 2 is a C2-C44 saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched acyl group;
R 3 is a substituent of formula (II) or formula (III):
Wherein, R 5 is a C2-C44 saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched acyl group and
R 6 is a C2-C44 saturated alkyl or alkenyl group; and
R 4 is selected from; a C5 or C6 substituted or unsubstituted cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group, or, —(CH2)n-R 7 , wherein n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, in particular 1 to 2 and R 7 is —N(CH3)3+, NH3+, or a substituent of formula (IV) and,
3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises an ingredient selected from the group consisting of a vitamin, a mineral, choline, and a fatty acid derivative, wherein the fatty acid derivative is a compound comprising a fatty acid other than a phospholipid.
4 . The method according to claim 2 , wherein the phospholipid is selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and combinations thereof.
5 . The method according to claim 4 , wherein the composition comprises sphingomyelin in an amount greater than 300 mg/kg dry weight of the composition.
6 . The method according to claim 3 , wherein the vitamin is selected from the group consisting of vitamin B12, folic acid, and combinations thereof; wherein the mineral is selected from the group consisting of iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, copper, and combinations thereof; and wherein the fatty acid derivative is selected from the group consisting of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), stearic acid, nervonic acid, and combinations thereof.
7 . The method according to claim 3 , wherein, if the mineral is iron, it is present in an amount greater than 5 mg/100 g dry weight of the composition; wherein, if the fatty acid derivative is DHA, it is present in an amount of 60 to 350 mg/100 g dry weight of the composition and/or wherein, if the fatty acid derivative is ARA, it is present in an amount of 60 to 350 mg/100 g dry weight of the composition; and wherein, if the vitamin is folic acid, it is present in an amount of at least 100 mcg/kg dry weight of the composition and/or wherein, if the vitamin is vitamin B12, it is present in an amount of at least 5 mcg/100 g dry weight of the composition.
8 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is in a form selected from the group consisting of an infant formula, a growing up milk, a composition for infants that is intended to be added to or diluted with human breast milk, and a foodstuff intended for consumption by an infant and/or child, either alone or in combination with human breast milk.
9 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phospholipid is administered to a subject separately, sequentially, and/or simultaneously with an ingredient selected from the group consisting of folic acid, vitamin B12, iron, and a fatty acid derivative, other than a phospholipid.
10 . A synthetic nutritional composition comprising a phospholipid or a metabolic precursor or metabolite thereof, and one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of a vitamin, a mineral, and a fatty acid derivative, other than a phospholipid, the fatty acid derivative being selected from the group consisting of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), nervonic acid, stearic acid, and combinations thereof, wherein, if sphingomyelin is present, it is present in an amount of at least 300 mg/kg dry weight of the synthetic nutritional composition; wherein, if folic acid is present, it is present in an amount of at least 100 mcg/kg dry weight of the synthetic nutritional composition and/or wherein, if vitamin B12 is present, it is present in an amount of at least 5 mcg/100 g dry weight of the synthetic nutritional composition; wherein, if iron is present, it is present in an amount of at least 5 mg/100 g dry weight of the synthetic nutritional composition; wherein, if the fatty acid derivative is DHA, it is present in an amount of 60 to 350 mg/100 g dry weight of the synthetic nutritional composition and/or wherein, if the fatty acid derivative is ARA, it is present in an amount of 60 to 350 mg/100 g dry weight of the synthetic nutritional composition; and wherein the synthetic nutritional composition is selected from the group consisting of an infant formula, a growing up milk, a composition for infants that is intended to be added or diluted with human breast milk, and a foodstuff intended for consumption by an infant and/or child either alone or in combination with human breast milk.
11 . The synthetic nutritional composition of claim 10 , wherein the synthetic nutritional composition comprises DHA in a concentration of 1023 mg/kg, ARA in a concentration of 1023 mg/kg, vitamin B12 in a concentration of 54 mcg/kg, folic acid in a concentration of 1698 mcg/kg, sphingomyelin in a concentration of 814 mg/kg, and iron in a concentration of 67 mg/kg.