Switchable bidirectional power converter with single power factor correction circuit and on board charger therewith
A switchable bidirectional power converter can comprise an interleaved bridge configuration. A multi-phase grid connection to a half-bridge multi-phase switching bank can comprise a first switching half-bridge leg. A single-phase grid connection to a full-bridge single-phase switching bank can comprise the half-bridge multi-phase switching bank interleaved with the full-bridge single-phase switching bank. The full-bridge single-phase switching bank can comprise the first switching half-bridge leg and a second switching half-bridge leg. A capacitor switch can be configured to switch at least two power factor correction capacitors between a parallel connection and a serial connection. The serial connection also includes a center tapping connection to the second switching half-bridge leg. Such a power converter can be used in a bidirectional on-board charger. Ultra-wide range voltages can be handled bidirectionally.
1 . A switchable bidirectional power converter, comprising:
a multi-phase grid connection to a half-bridge multi-phase switching bank, the half-bridge multi-phase switching bank comprising a first switching half-bridge leg;
a single-phase grid connection to a full-bridge single-phase switching bank, wherein the half-bridge multi-phase switching bank is interleaved with the full-bridge single-phase switching bank, and wherein the full-bridge single-phase switching bank comprises the first switching half-bridge leg and a second switching half-bridge leg; and
a capacitor switch configured to switch at least two power factor correction capacitors between:
a parallel connection of the at least two power factor correction capacitors; and
a serial configuration of the at least two power factor correction capacitors, the serial configuration having a center tapping connection to the second switching half-bridge leg.
2 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 1 , further comprising a primary-side transformer comprising a winding connected with a capacitor and an inductor, the primary-side transformer connected on a first side to the first switching half-bridge leg and connected on a second side to the capacitor switch and the second switching half-bridge leg.
3 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 2 , wherein the winding of the primary-side transformer is a multi-tap winding.
4 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 2 , further comprising a bidirectional switch on the second side connected between the capacitor switch and the connection to the second switching half-bridge leg.
5 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 2 , further comprising a three-quadrant switch on the second side connected between the capacitor switch and the connection to the second switching half-bridge leg.
6 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 1 , further comprising a primary-side passive power transfer device comprising at least one inductor, the primary-side passive power transfer device connected on a first side to the first switching half-bridge leg and connected on a second side to the capacitor switch and the second switching half-bridge leg.
7 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 6 , further comprising a bidirectional switch on the second side connected between the capacitor switch and the connection to the second switching half-bridge leg.
8 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 7 , configured to disconnect a neutral line of the multi-phase grid connection while both the first switching half-bridge leg and the second switching half-bridge leg are used to generate a zero vector.
9 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 7 , wherein the second switching half-bridge leg is configured to switchably connect to the half-bridge multi-phase switching bank.
10 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 6 , further comprising a three-quadrant switch on the second side connected between the capacitor switch and the connection to the second switching half-bridge leg.
11 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 1 , further comprising one or more DC-link capacitors shared with the half-bridge multi-phase switching bank and the full-bridge single-phase switching bank.
12 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 1 , wherein the at least two power factor correction capacitors comprise one or more pair of electrolytic capacitors divided by the capacitor switch.
13 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 12 , further comprising one or more pair of thin-film capacitors connected with the full-bridge single-phase switching bank.
14 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 1 , further comprising:
one or more pair of thin-film capacitors connected with the full-bridge single-phase switching bank, wherein the at least two power factor correction capacitors comprise one or more pair of electrolytic capacitors divided by the capacitor switch, and
a primary-side passive power transfer device comprising at least one inductor, the primary-side passive power transfer device connected on a first side to the first switching half-bridge leg and connected on a second side to the second switching half-bridge leg and a half-bridge switch for connecting to a connection between the one or more pair of thin-film capacitors.
15 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 1 , wherein the half-bridge multi-phase switching bank comprises metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (“MOSFETS”) for switching.
16 . The switchable bidirectional power converter of claim 1 , wherein the second switching half-bridge leg is configured to switchably connect to the half-bridge multi-phase switching bank via metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (“MOSFETS”).
17 . A bidirectional on-board charger comprising:
a switchable bidirectional power converter comprising:
a multi-phase grid connection to a half-bridge multi-phase switching bank, the half-bridge multi-phase switching bank comprising a first switching half-bridge leg;
a single-phase grid connection to a full-bridge single-phase switching bank, wherein the half-bridge multi-phase switching bank is interleaved with the full-bridge single-phase switching bank, and wherein the full-bridge single-phase switching bank comprises the first switching half-bridge leg and a second switching half-bridge leg; and
a capacitor switch configured to switch at least two power factor correction capacitors between:
a parallel connection of the at least two power factor correction capacitors; and
a serial configuration of the at least two power factor correction capacitors, the serial configuration having a center tapping connection to the second switching half-bridge leg.
18 . The bidirectional on-board charger of claim 17 , further comprising a first battery connection to the switchable bidirectional power converter and a second battery connection to the switchable bidirectional power converter, wherein the first battery connection is rated for a voltage twice to one or more factor of ten larger than a rating of the second battery connection.