Cellular vamp cleavage assay
A method for determining cleavage of a VAMP by a clostridial neurotoxin in a cell that has been contacted with the clostridial neurotoxin under conditions suitable for clostridial neurotoxin activity, the method comprising contacting the cytoplasmic content of the cell with an antibody that binds to a resulting C-terminal product of such cleavage under suitable conditions in vitro or ex vivo and detecting the binding of the antibody to the C-terminal cleavage product. The antibody may, for example, be capable of binding an antigenic polypeptide consisting of 10 to 65 amino acid residues and comprising an epitope comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence of at least 8 amino acid residues that is immediately C-terminal to a clostridial neurotoxin cleavage site in the VAMP.
1 . A method for determining cleavage in a cell of a VAMP into C-terminal and N-terminal cleavage products by a VAMP-cleaving clostridial neurotoxin, the method comprising:
a) contacting the cell with the clostridial neurotoxin under conditions suitable for clostridial neurotoxin activity;
b) contacting the cytoplasmic content of the cell in vitro or ex vivo with a first antibody that binds to the C-terminal VAMP cleavage product under suitable binding conditions; and
c) detecting the binding of the first antibody to the C-terminal VAMP-cleavage product.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
d) quantifying the amount of the C-terminal cleavage product bound to the first antibody.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first antibody is capable of binding an antigenic polypeptide that: a) consists of 10 to 65 amino acid residues; and b) comprises an epitope comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to a sequence comprising at least 8 amino acid residues that is immediately C-terminal to a clostridial neurotoxin cleavage site in the VAMP.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the antigenic-polypeptide consists of 10 to 17 amino acid residues.
5 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the VAMP is VAMP1, VAMP2, VAMP3, VAMP4, VAMP5, or YKT6.
6 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the epitope comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 15-34 and 48-78.
7 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the epitope comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 62, 66, and 75.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein step b) further comprises contacting the cytoplasmic content of the cell with a second antibody that binds to the full-length VAMP under suitable binding conditions and step c) further comprises detecting the binding of the second antibody to the full-length VAMP.
9 . The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
d) quantifying the amount of the C-terminal cleavage product bound to the first antibody and the amount of the full-length VAMP bound to the second antibody.
10 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the second antibody is not capable of binding to the C-terminal cleavage product.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the second antibody binds to the N-terminal VAMP cleavage product.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first antibody also binds to full-length VAMP and the method further comprises:
d) quantifying the amount of the C-terminal cleavage product bound to the first antibody and the amount of full-length VAMP bound to the first antibody.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell is a mammalian cell.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell is a neuronal cell.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell expresses high levels of synaptotagmin I, synaptotagmin II, and/or synaptic vesicle protein.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell is contacted with the clostridial neurotoxin at about 37° C. for a period of from about 1 hour to about 48 hours.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cytoplasmic content of the cell is incubated with the first antibody at about 4° C. for a period of from about 8 hours to about 48 hours or at about 25° C. for a period of from about 30 minutes to about 8 hours.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the detection is by Western blot or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell is lysed or permeabilized before the cytoplasmic content thereof is contacted with the first antibody.
20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the clostridial neurotoxin is BoNT/X.