Textile recycling
A textile recycling method receives textile-waste-to-be-recycled, sorts the waste to isolate cellulose-containing articles from non-cellulose-containing articles, and re-sizes at least some of the cellulose-containing articles to create feedstock. The feedstock is processed in a cellulose solvent reactor, which has at least one ionic liquid. The ionic liquid dissolves intermolecular cellulose bonds of the feedstock to create a spinning dope. Cellulose fibers dissolved in the cellulose-bearing spinning dope solution are extruded in a cellulose coagulation bath reservoir to reconstitute at least some of the cellulose fibers, and the reconstituted fibers are wet-spun to form a continuous cellulose thread that is commercially indistinguishable from virgin fiber thread. Synthetic fiber material is vacuum-extracted or mechanically extracted from the cellulose-bearing solution and recycled into a continuous synthetic thread. Original color of textile-waste-to-be-recycled can be retained or removed, and new color can be added.
1 . A textile recycling method, comprising:
receiving textiles-to-be-recycled, the textiles-to-be-recycled including cellulose- containing articles;
re-sizing at least some of the cellulose-containing articles to create feedstock;
containing at least some of the feedstock in a cellulose solvent reactor having a plurality of reaction vessels, each of the plurality of reaction vessels formed without interior corners;
providing at least one ionic liquid in each of the plurality of reaction vessels;
processing the feedstock in the cellulose solvent reactor to create a spinning dope, wherein the processing includes:
staging the plurality of reaction vessels in series;
moving portions of the feedstock into various ones of the plurality of reaction vessels at a first set of different times;
dissolving, at least partially, some or all intermolecular cellulose bonds of the feedstock thereby creating a cellulose-bearing solution having cellulose fibers dissolved in the at least one ionic liquid;
agitating the feedstock during the creation of the cellulose-bearing solution;
extracting the spinning dope in a cellulose coagulation bath reservoir to reconstitute at least some of the dissolved cellulose fibers, wherein extracting the spinning dope in the cellulose coagulation bath reservoir includes extracting portions of the spinning dope from various ones of the plurality of reaction vessels at a second set of different times; and
wet-spinning at least some of the reconstituted cellulose fibers into a continuous cellulose thread.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the agitating includes:
releasing of a pressurized, non-reactive gas into the cellulose solvent reactor.
3 . The method of claim 2 wherein the pressurized, non-reactive gas is dehumidified air from the atmosphere, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide.
4 . The method of claim 2 wherein releasing the pressurized, non-reactive gas includes releasing the pressurized, non-reactive gas as a flow of bubbles.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the agitating includes:
releasing of a first pressurized, non-reactive gas into the cellulose solvent reactor having a first set of parameters, the first set of parameters including at least one of a first pressure, a first volume per unit of time, and a first temperature; and
releasing of a second pressurized, non-reactive gas into the cellulose solvent reactor having a second set of parameters, the second set of parameters including at least one of a second pressure, a second volume per unit of time, and a second temperature.
6 . The method of claim 5 wherein the first pressurized, non- reactive gas and the second pressurized, non-reactive gas are different gasses.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the agitating includes:
rotationally agitating the feedstock during the creation of the cellulose-bearing solution.
8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
recovering ionic liquid passed from any one of the plurality of reaction vessels.
9 . The method of claim 1 wherein the continuous cellulose thread is commercially indistinguishable from a thread formed of virgin fibers.
10 . A textile recycling system, comprising:
a textile preprocessing structure arranged to receive textiles-to-be-recycled, the textiles to be recycled having at least some cellulose-containing articles, and the textile preprocessing structure further arranged to re-size at least some of the cellulose-containing articles to create feedstock;
a cellulose-solvent reactor having a plurality of reaction vessels, each of the plurality of reaction vessels formed without interior corners, the cellulose-solvent reactor arranged to receive the feedstock and at least one ionic liquid in each of the plurality of reaction vessels and further arranged to create a spinning dope from the feedstock and at least one ionic liquid by staging the plurality of reaction vessels in series, moving portions of the feedstock into various ones of the plurality of reaction vessels at a first set of different times, dissolving, at least partially, some or all intermolecular cellulose bonds of the feedstock thereby creating a cellulose-bearing solution having cellulose fibers dissolved in the at least one ionic liquid;
an agitation structure arranged to agitate the cellulose-bearing solution in the cellulose-solvent reactor;
a cellulose coagulation bath reservoir arranged to receive the cellulose-bearing solution and further arranged to extract the spinning dope by reconstituting at least some of the dissolved cellulose fibers, wherein extracting the spinning dope in the cellulose coagulation bath reservoir includes extracting portions of the spinning dope from various ones of the plurality of reaction vessels at a second set of different times; and
a wet spinning spinneret subsystem arranged to wet-spin at least some of reconstituted cellulose fibers into a continuous cellulose thread.
11 . The system of claim 10 , further comprising:
an extraction subsystem arranged to withdraw insoluble materials from the cellulose solvent reactor.
12 . The system of claim 10 , further comprising:
a controller arranged to direct operations of the cellulose solvent reactor.
13 . The system of claim 10 wherein the agitation structure is arranged to provide a pressurized, non-reactive gas as a flow of bubbles into the cellulose solvent reactor.
14 . The system of claim 10 wherein the non-reactive gas is dehumidified air from the atmosphere, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide.
15 . A cellulose-solvent reactor, comprising:
a plurality of reaction vessels, each of the plurality of reaction vessels formed without interior corners and each of the plurality of reaction vessels arranged to contain a flowable feedstock slurry formed of ionic liquid and cellulose-containing feedstock, wherein the plurality of reaction vessels are staged in series and further arranged to move portions of the feedstock into various ones of the plurality of reaction vessels at a first set of different times;
a control system arranged to determine a cellulose concentration of the flowable feedstock slurry in each of the plurality of reaction vessels;
at least one transducer coupled to the control system and arranged to output electromagnetic energy into each of the plurality of reaction vessels;
at least one sensor coupled to the control system and arranged to provide data indicative of how much electromagnetic energy from the at least one transducer has passed through flowable feedstock slurry, and
an output port formed in each of the plurality of reaction vessels, the output ports arranged to provide a spinning dope to a coagulation bath, wherein providing the spinning dope to the coagulation bath includes extracting portions of the spinning dope from various ones of the plurality of reaction vessels at a second set of different times, and wherein the spinning dope is formed when some or all intermolecular cellulose bonds of the flowable feedstock slurry are dissolved as cellulose fibers in the ionic liquid.
16 . The cellulose-solvent reactor of claim 15 , further comprising:
a heating circuit arranged to heat the flowable feedstock slurry each of the plurality of reaction vessels.
17 . The cellulose-solvent reactor of claim 15 , further comprising:
an agitation structure arranged to agitate the flowable feedstock slurry in each of the plurality of reaction vessels.
18 . The cellulose-solvent reactor of claim 17 wherein the agitation structure is arranged to provide a pressurized, non-reactive gas as a flow of bubbles into each of the plurality of reaction vessels.
19 . The cellulose-solvent reactor of claim 17 wherein operations of each of the plurality of reaction vessels and operations of the agitation structure are independently controllable by the control system.