Ultrasound system with asymmetric transmit signals
An ultrasound system drives the elements of an ultrasound probe with asymmetric transmit signals which reinforce poling of the probe transducer. The use of asymmetric transmit signals enables a transducer element to withstand a significantly higher RF transmit voltage without degradation, which in turn enables higher acoustic output and improved reliability. This is particularly beneficial with single crystal transducer material when used to generate high energy pressure waves of long duration such as shear wave push pulses.
1 . An ultrasound system which transmits ultrasonic energy into a body, the system comprising:
an ultrasound probe having an array of ultrasonic transducer elements, wherein the array of ultrasonic transducer elements comprises a piezoelectric material with a domain aligned in an orientation providing a polarization of the piezoelectric material; and
a transmit beamformer having transmit channels coupled to the ultrasonic transducer elements and configured to apply asymmetric transmit signals to the elements during their respective transmit intervals, wherein the asymmetric transmit signals comprise asymmetric positive and negative excursions above and below a transducer reference potential which together produce a non-zero mean amplitude configured to generate a force to maintain the domain aligned in the orientation such that the polarization of the piezoelectric material is reinforced while transmitting the ultrasonic energy into the body.
2 . The ultrasound system of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic transducer elements further comprise piezoelectric ceramic transducer elements.
3 . The ultrasound system of claim 1 , wherein the transducer elements further comprise single crystal lead magnesium niobite-lead titanate (PMN-PT), lead zinc niobite-lead titanate (PZN-PT), or lead indium niobite-lead magnesium niobite-lead titanate (PIN-PMN-PT).
4 . The ultrasound system of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic transducer elements further comprise negatively poled transducer elements; and
wherein the asymmetric transmit signals exhibit a mean amplitude value which is negative with respect to a zero reference voltage.
5 . The ultrasound system of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic transducer elements further comprise positively poled transducer elements; and
wherein the asymmetric transmit signals exhibit a mean amplitude value which is positive with respect to a zero reference voltage.
6 . The ultrasound system of claim 1 , wherein the transmit beamformer is further configured to apply asymmetric radio frequency (RF) signals.
7 . The ultrasound system of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises a direct current (DC) bias circuit and the asymmetric signals comprise a symmetric radio frequency (RF) signal on a DC bias.
8 . The ultrasound system of claim 1 , wherein each transmit channel comprises a hardware addressable memory device or shift register configured to store digital data associated with the asymmetric transmit signals.
9 . The ultrasound system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of transmit/receive (T/R) switches respectively coupling each transmit channel to a transducer element.
10 . The ultrasound system of claim 9 , further comprising a probe cable coupling the plurality of transmit/receive (T/R) switches to the transducer elements.
11 . The ultrasound system of claim 1 , wherein each transmit channel further comprises a digital-to-analog converter coupled to receive digital transmit signal data to convert the data to an analog transmit signal.
12 . The ultrasound system of claim 11 , wherein each transmit channel further comprises a high voltage transmit amplifier coupled to receive an analog transmit signal and apply a high voltage transmit signal to a transducer element.
13 . The ultrasound system of claim 1 , wherein the asymmetric transmit signals further comprise push pulse transmit signals.
14 . The ultrasound system of claim 13 , wherein the push pulse transmit signals further produce push pulses of 50 to 200 microseconds in duration.