All-solid-state secondary battery and manufacturing method therefor
Provided are an all-solid secondary battery and a method of manufacturing the same, the all-solid secondary battery including: an anode layer; a cathode layer; and a solid electrolyte layer between the anode layer and the cathode layer, wherein the cathode layer contains a large-particle cathode active material, a small-diameter cathode active material, and a solid electrolyte, the solid electrolyte layer includes a first solid electrolyte layer adjacent to the cathode layer and containing a first solid electrolyte, and a second solid electrolyte layer adjacent to the anode layer and containing a second electrolyte, the second solid electrolyte has a larger size than the solid electrolyte of the cathode layer or the first solid electrolyte, and the second solid electrolyte has higher ion conductivity than the first solid electrolyte.
1 . An all-solid secondary battery, comprising:
an anode layer;
a cathode layer; and
a solid electrolyte layer between the anode layer and the cathode layer,
wherein:
the cathode layer contains a large-particle cathode active material, a small-particle cathode active material, and a solid electrolyte,
the solid electrolyte layer includes a first solid electrolyte layer adjacent to the cathode layer and containing a first solid electrolyte, and a second solid electrolyte layer adjacent to the anode layer and containing a second solid electrolyte,
the second solid electrolyte has a larger size than the solid electrolyte of the cathode layer or the first solid electrolyte, and
the second solid electrolyte has higher ion conductivity than the first solid electrolyte.
2 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein, in the cathode layer,
the large-particle cathode active material has a size of 14 μm or more, and
the small-particle cathode active material has a size of 6 μm or less.
3 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein, in the cathode layer,
the large-particle cathode active material has a size of 14 μm to 20 μm, and
the small-particle cathode active material has a size of 3 μm to 5.5 μm.
4 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein each of the solid electrolyte and the first solid electrolyte has a size of 3 μm or less.
5 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 4 , wherein the solid electrolyte is a solid electrolyte having a size of 3 μm or less, and
the solid electrolyte is a solid electrolyte having a size of 1 μm to 3 μm, a solid electrolyte having a size of 1 μm or less, or a combination thereof.
6 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 5 , wherein at least 80% by weight of the solid electrolyte is a solid electrolyte having a size of 1 μm or less.
7 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the second solid electrolyte is a solid electrolyte having a size of 3 μm to 10 μm, a solid electrolyte having a size of 1 μm to 3 μm, or a combination thereof.
8 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein a solid electrolyte having a size of 1.0 μm or less or the first solid electrolyte is included in an interface between the cathode layer and the first solid electrolyte layer.
9 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , further comprising: a third solid electrolyte layer including a third solid electrolyte between the second solid electrolyte layer and the anode layer.
10 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 9 , wherein the third solid electrolyte is a third solid electrolyte having a size of 3 μm or less, and
the third solid electrolyte is a solid electrolyte having a size of having a size of about 1 μm to about 3 μm, a solid electrolyte having a size of 1 μm or less, or a combination thereof.
11 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 9 , wherein the third solid electrolyte having a size of 1.0 μm or less is included in an interface between the anode layer and the third solid electrolyte layer.
12 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein
a ratio (Z 1 /Z 2 ) of a size Z 1 of the solid electrolyte of the cathode layer and a size Z 2 of the first solid electrolyte of the first solid electrolyte layer is about 0.33 to about 3.0.
13 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte or the first solid electrolyte contains a compound having an argyrodite crystal structure and including chlorine (Cl), and
the second solid electrolyte contains a compound having an argyrodite crystal structure and including i) a halogen selected from Br, I, and a combination thereof, and ii) chlorine (Cl).
14 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte or the first solid electrolyte includes a compound represented by Formula 1 and having an argyrodite crystal structure:
Li a M x PS b (Cl) d <Formula 1>
in Formula 1, M is Na, K, Fe, Mg, Ca, Ag, Cu, Zr, Zn, or a combination thereof,
X is Br, I, or a combination thereof, and
0≤x≤0.07, a is a number from 5 to 6, b is a number from 4 to 6, 0<d≤2, and 5≤a+x≤6.
15 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the second solid electrolyte includes a compound represented by Formula 2 and having an argyrodite crystal structure:
Li a M x PS b (X1) c1 (Cl) d1 <Formula 2>
in Formula 2, M is Na, K, Fe, Mg, Ca, Ag, Cu, Zr, Zn, or a combination thereof,
X1 is Br, I, or a combination thereof, and
0≤x≤0.07, a is a number from 5 to 6, b is a number from 4 to 6, c1>0, d1>0, 0<c1+d1≤2, and 5≤a+x≤6.
16 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 15 , wherein 1.5≤c1+d1≤2.
17 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , further comprising: a third solid electrolyte layer including a third solid electrolyte between the second solid electrolyte layer and the anode layer, wherein the third solid electrolyte includes a compound represented by Formula 1 and having an argyrodite crystal structure:
Li a M x PS b (Cl) d <Formula 1>
in Formula 1, M is Na, K, Fe, Mg, Ca, Ag, Cu, Zr, Zn, or a combination thereof,
X is Br, I, or a combination thereof, and
0≤x≤0.07, a is a number from 5 to 6, b is a number from 4 to 6, 0<d≤2, and 5≤a+x≤6.
18 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the first solid electrolyte has an ion conductivity of about 1 mS/cm to about 5 mS/cm at 25° C., and
the second solid electrolyte has an ion conductivity of about 3 mS/cm to about 7 mS/cm at 25° C.
19 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein a thickness ratio of the first solid electrolyte layer and the second solid electrolyte layer is about 1:1 to about 1:10.
20 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the first solid electrolyte has a thickness of about 1 μm to about 35 μm, the second solid electrolyte has a thickness of about 10 μm to about 60 μm, a third solid electrolyte layer is further provided between the second solid electrolyte layer and the anode layer, and the third solid electrolyte layer has a thickness of about 1 μm to about 35 μm.
21 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 15 , wherein the compound represented by Formula 2 is a compound represented by Formula 3:
(Li 1-x1 M x1 ) 7-y PS 6-y (Br 1-x2 (Cl) x2 ) y <Formula 3>
in Formula 3, M is Na, K, Fe, Mg, Ca, Ag, Cu, Zr, Zn, or a combination thereof, and
0≤ x 1<1,0< x 2<1, and 0≤ y≤ 2.
22 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 15 , wherein the compound represented by Formula 2 is a compound represented by Formula 4:
Li a M x PS b (Br) c (Cl) d <Formula 4>
in Formula 4, M is Na, K, Fe, Mg, Ca, Ag, Cu, Zr, Zn, or a combination thereof,
X is Br, I, or a combination thereof, and
0≤x≤0.07, a is a number from 5 to 6, b is a number from 4 to 6, c>0, d>0, 0<c+d≤2, and 5≤a+x≤6.
23 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 14 , wherein the compound represented by Formula 1 is Li 5.75 PS 4.75 Cl 1.25 , Li 5.75 PS 4.5 Cl 1.5 , Li 5.5 PS 4.5 Cl 1.5 , Li 5.45 Na 0.05 PS 4.5 Cl 1.5 , Li 5.45 K 0.05 PS 4.5 Cl 1.5 , Li 5.74 PS 4.74 Cl 1.26 , LisNa 0.05 PS 4 Cl 2 , Li 5 K 0.05 PS 4 Cl 2 , Li 5.8 PS 4.8 Cl 1.2 , Li 5.7 Na 0.05 PS 4.75 Cl 1.25 , Li 5.7 Cu 0.05 PS 4.75 Cl 1.25 , Li 5.65 Cu 0.1 PS 4.75 Cl 1.25 , or a combination thereof.
24 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 15 , wherein the compound represented by Formula 2 is Li 5.5 PS 4.5 Cl 0.75 Br 0.75 , Li 5.5 PS 4.5 Cl 0.25 Br 1.25 , Li 5.5 PS 4.5 Cl 1.25 Br 0.25 , Li 5.5 PS 4.5 Cl 0.1 Br 1.4 , Li 5.45 Na 0.05 PS 4.5 Cl 0.25 Br 1.25 , Li 5.5 PS 4.5 Cl 0.25 Br 1.25 , Li 5.45 Na 0.05 PS 4.5 Cl 0.1 Br 1.4 , Li 5.45 Na 0.05 PS 4.5 Cl 0.1 Br 1.4 , LisNa 0.05 PS 4 Cl 0.01 Br 1.99 , Li 5.74 PS 4.74 Cl 0.01 Br 1.25 , Li 5 PS 4 Cl 0.01 Br 1.99 , Li 5.45 K 0.05 PS 4.5 Cl 0.25 Br 1.25 , Li 5.45 K 0.05 PS 4.5 Cl 0.1 Br 1.4 , Li 5.45 K 0.05 PS 4.5 Cl 0.1 Br 1.4 , Li 5 K 0.05 PS 4 Cl 0.01 Br 1.99 , or a combination thereof.
25 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein each of the first solid electrolyte layer and the second solid electrolyte layer contains at least one binder selected from styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer, acrylic resin, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene, vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyacrylonitrile, and polymethylmethacrylate.
26 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode layer includes a first anode active material layer including an anode current collector and an anode active material on the anode current collector, and
the anode active material includes at least one selected from a carbon-based anode active material and a metal or metalloid anode active material.
27 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 26 , wherein the carbon-based anode active material includes at least one selected from amorphous carbon and crystalline carbon, and
the metal or metalloid anode active material includes at least one selected from gold (Au), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silicon (Si), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), bismuth (Bi), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn).
28 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 26 , further comprising: a second anode active material layer between the anode current collector and the first anode active material layer and/or between the solid electrolyte layer and the first anode active material layer,
wherein the second anode active material layer is a metal layer containing lithium or a lithium alloy.
29 . The all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 , wherein the content of a solid electrolyte in the cathode layer is about 2 parts by weight to about 70 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the cathode active material.
30 . A method of manufacturing an all-solid secondary battery, the method comprising:
providing a cathode layer containing a solid electrolyte;
providing an anode layer;
preparing a first solid electrolyte layer and a second solid electrolyte layer using a composition for the first solid electrolyte layer, the composition containing a first solid electrolyte and a binder, and a composition for the second solid electrolyte layer, the composition containing a second solid electrolyte and a binder, respectively; and
sequentially stacking the cathode layer, the first solid electrolyte layer, the second solid electrolyte layer, and the anode layer to manufacture the all-solid secondary battery of claim 1 .
31 . The method of claim 30 , wherein, in the preparing of the first solid electrolyte layer and the second solid electrolyte layer,
the composition for the first solid electrolyte layer and the composition for the second solid electrolyte layer are applied onto a substrate and heat-treated to prepare the first solid electrolyte layer and the second solid electrolyte layer.
32 . The method of claim 30 , wherein:
the solid electrolyte and first solid electrolyte are prepared:
by atomizing each precursor to 3 μm or less to obtain an atomized solid electrolyte precursor and
heat-treating the atomized solid electrolyte precursor at about 350° C. to 500° C., and
the second solid electrolyte are prepared by atomizing each precursor to 6 μm or less to obtain an atomized solid electrolyte precursor and heat-treating the atomized solid electrolyte precursor at about 350° C. to 500° C.