Hydrogen production and sulfur-carbon sequestration
Embodiments of the invention relate to producing hydrogen from a subsurface formation by injecting a reactant into the subsurface formation and reacting the reactant with the subsurface formation to form at least one of hydrogen gas or a mineralized product within the subsurface formation. The hydrogen produced is collected or one or more components of the reactant is sequestered to form a mineralized product in the subsurface formation. Other embodiments of the invention relate to producing hydrogen by injecting a thermal fluid into the subsurface rock formation, where the thermal fluid includes a reactant. The reactant is reacted with components in the subsurface formation to form at least one of hydrogen gas, mineralized sulfur, or mineralized carbon.
1 . A method of producing hydrogen from a subsurface formation, comprising:
injecting a reactant into the subsurface formation;
reacting the reactant with the subsurface formation to form at least one of hydrogen gas and a mineralized product within the subsurface formation, wherein the mineralized product includes mineralized sulfur; and
collecting hydrogen produced from a reaction of the reactant with the subsurface formation and sequestering one or more components of the reactant to form mineralized sulfur via a pyritization reaction.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactant comprises dihydrogen sulfide and at least one of carbon dioxide, water, steam, brine, geothermal fluid, or waste heat fluid.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subsurface formation comprises at least one of iron-rich rock, mafic igneous rock, metamorphosed or hydrothermally altered mafic igneous rock, olivine- or pyroxene-bearing igneous or metamorphic rock, metamorphosed or hydrothermally altered olivine- or pyroxene-bearing igneous or metamorphic rock, serpentine mineral bearing rock, partially or completely serpentinized rock, serpentinite, pyrite, iron-rich sandstone, other iron-rich sedimentary rock, or iron-rich sediments.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subsurface formation comprises a porous, faulted, or geologically or incipiently fractured rock formation.
5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the reactant prior to injecting the reactant into the subsurface formation, wherein the reactant is heated from a source external to the subsurface formation.
6 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising fracturing or stimulating the subsurface formation.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction comprises one or more of a serpentinization reaction or a decarbonation reaction.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subsurface formation comprises a natural geothermal system.
9 . A method of producing hydrogen from a subsurface rock formation, comprising:
injecting a thermal fluid into the subsurface rock formation, wherein the thermal fluid comprises a reactant and is heated by a heat source external to the subsurface rock formation and the reactant comprises one or more of dihydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide;
reacting, via a pyritization reaction, the reactant with components in the subsurface rock formation to form hydrogen gas and mineralized sulfur; and
collecting the hydrogen gas produced from a reaction of the reactant with the subsurface rock formation and sequestering the mineralized sulfur within the subsurface rock formation.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the subsurface rock formation comprises one or more of iron-rich rock, mafic igneous rock, metamorphosed or hydrothermally altered mafic igneous rock, olivine- or pyroxene-bearing igneous or metamorphic rock, metamorphosed or hydrothermally altered olivine- or pyroxene-bearing igneous or metamorphic rock, serpentine mineral bearing rock or sediment, partially or completely serpentinized rock, serpentinite, pyrite, iron-rich sandstone, other iron-rich sedimentary rock, or iron-rich sediments.
11 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the thermal fluid comprises at least one of water, steam, brine, geothermal fluid, or waste heat fluid.
12 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the thermal fluid comprises a super-critical fluid.
13 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the subsurface rock formation comprises a porous, faulted, geologically or incipiently fractured rock formation, or a natural geothermal system.