Compositions
The invention provides a composition comprising carbon dioxide (CO2, R-744), difluoromethane (R-32) and trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I) and the use of such a composition as a working fluid in a heat transfer system, such as a refrigeration, heat pump or air-conditioning system.
1 . A composition comprising:
(a) from about 70 to about 98 weight % carbon dioxide (CO 2 , R-744);
(b) difluoromethane (R-32); and
(c) trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I).
2 . The composition according to claim 1 comprising from about 70 to about 95 weight % CO 2 .
3 . The composition according to claim 1 comprising from about 1 to about 30 weight % R-32.
4 . The composition according to claim 1 comprising from about 1 to about 20 weight % CF 3 I.
5 . The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition additionally comprises 1,1-difluoroethylene (R-1132a).
6 . The composition according to claim 5 comprising from about 1 to about 20 weight % R-1132a.
7 . The composition according to claim 5 comprising R-32 and R-1132a in a combined amount of less than about 37 weight %.
8 . The composition according to claim 1 comprising R-32 and CF 3 I in a weight ratio of R-32 to CF 3 I of less than about 2:1.
9 . The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition additionally comprises a further component selected from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze (E)), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (R-227ea) and mixtures thereof.
10 . The composition according to claim 9 , wherein the composition comprises from about 1 to about 15 weight % of the further component(s).
11 . The composition according to claim 1 consisting essentially of the stated components.
12 . The composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition is non-flammable as determined in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 34:2019.
13 . The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of less than about 220.
14 . The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition additionally comprises a lubricant selected from mineral oil, silicon oil, polyalkyl benzenes (PABs), polyol esters (POEs), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), polyalkylene glycol esters (PAG esters), polyvinyl ethers (PVEs), poly (alpha-olefins) and combinations thereof.
15 . The composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a stabiliser.
16 . The composition according to claim 1 having a coefficient of performance (COP) which is greater than or about equal to that of CO 2 .
17 . The composition according to claim 1 having a temperature glide in an evaporator of less than about 11K.
18 . The composition according to claim 1 having a volumetric refrigeration capacity which is within about 25% of that of CO 2 .
19 . The composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition has an operating pressure in a condenser or a gas cooler which is lower than that of CO 2 .
20 . The composition according to claim 1 comprising from about 1 to about 30 weight % R-32, and from about 1 to about 20 weight % CF 3 I.
21 . A method comprising providing a composition according to claim 1 as a working fluid in a heat transfer system comprising a refrigeration, heat pump or air-conditioning system.
22 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the refrigeration system comprises a commercial refrigeration system, such as a supermarket display refrigeration system, beverage cooler refrigeration system, warehouse refrigeration system or a cold-room refrigeration system.
23 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the refrigeration system comprises a transportation refrigeration system, such as a refrigeration system fitted to a refrigerating shipping container or a refrigeration system fitted to a vehicle.
24 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the heat pump system comprises a water heater heat pump system.
25 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the air-conditioning system comprises a transportation air-conditioning system, such as a bus, car, train or truck air-conditioning system.
26 . The method of claim 21 , wherein the heat transfer system operates as a transcritical heat transfer system for at least a part of the year.
27 . A method comprising providing a composition according to claim 1 as a replacement for an existing working fluid in a heat transfer device.
28 . A heat transfer device comprising a composition as defined in claim 1 .
29 . The heat transfer device according to claim 28 , wherein the heat transfer device is a transcritical heat transfer device comprising a transcritical refrigeration, heat pump or air-conditioning device.
30 . A method of producing heating which comprises condensing a composition according to claim 1 in the vicinity of a body to be heated.
31 . A method of producing cooling which comprises evaporating a composition according to claim 1 in the vicinity of a body to be cooled.