Anode and/or cathode pan assemblies in an electrochemical cell, and methods to use and manufacture thereof
Provided herein are anode and/or cathode pan assemblies comprising unique manifold, outlet tube, and/or baffle plate configurations; electrochemical cell and/or electrolyzer containing the anode and/or the cathode pan assemblies; and methods to use and manufacture the same.
1 . An electrode pan assembly, comprising:
an electrode pan having a bottom pan end and a top pan end; and
a baffle plate having a bottom baffle end and a top baffle end,
wherein the baffle plate is disposed in the electrode pan such that a first space is formed between the bottom pan end and the bottom baffle end that is from 6 mm to 75 mm, wherein the first space is sized and positioned to allow a gas and a liquid to flow therethrough,
wherein the baffle plate is disposed in the electrode pan such that a second space is formed between the top pan end and the top baffle end, wherein the second space is sized and positioned to allow the gas and the liquid to flow therethrough, and
wherein the first space and the second space form a portion of a circulation loop for the gas and the liquid to flow.
2 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 1 , wherein the electrode pan further comprises a manifold, the manifold disposed proximate to the top pan end to direct the gas and the liquid to flow out of the electrode pan assembly.
3 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 2 , wherein the manifold directs the gas and the liquid to flow out of the electrode pan assembly, and wherein the manifold is sized to provide a space for the gas to collect and the liquid to flow through without masking of an active area of the electrode pan assembly with the gas, or without causing slug and plug flow of the gas or the liquid.
4 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 2 , wherein the manifold prevents or minimizes formation of stagnant gas pockets adjacent the top pan end.
5 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 2 , wherein the second space is formed between the manifold and the top baffle end.
6 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 2 , wherein the manifold has a cross-sectional area of 520 mm 2 to 6200 mm 2 .
7 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 2 , wherein the electrode pan has a depth and the manifold has a cross-sectional area defined in part by a depth dimension that is from 0.25 to 0.75 of the electrode pan depth.
8 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 1 , wherein the circulation loop for the gas and the liquid facilitates thermal equilibration and reduced temperature variations in the liquid.
9 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 1 , wherein the liquid has a flow rate through the electrode pan of from 200 kg/h to 10,000 kg/h.
10 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 1 , wherein the liquid has a superficial liquid velocity of less than 0.1 m/s in the circulation loop.
11 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first space is between 20 mm and 75 mm.
12 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 1 , wherein the second space is from 6 mm to 150 mm.
13 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 1 , wherein the liquid comprises an electrolyte solution.
14 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 1 , wherein the gas is hydrogen or oxygen.
15 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 1 , further comprising one or more ribs disposed in the electrode pan, and wherein the baffle plate is coupled to the one or more ribs.
16 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 15 , wherein the baffle plate is slidably coupled to the one or more ribs within the electrode pan.
17 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 16 , wherein the one or more ribs comprise one or more notches and the baffle plate comprises one or more slots configured to fit over or into one or more notches of the one or more ribs to provide for the slidable coupling between the baffle plate and the one or more ribs.
18 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a down-corner region disposed between a first side of the baffle plate and a first side of the electrode pan, wherein the gas and the liquid flow from proximate the top pan end toward the bottom pan end; and
a riser region disposed between a second side of the baffle plate and a second side of the electrode pan, wherein the gas and the liquid flow from proximate the bottom end toward the top pan end, wherein the second side of the baffle plate is opposite the first side of the baffle plate and the second side of the electrode pan is opposite the first side of the electrode pan,
wherein the first space, the second space, the down-comer region and the riser region form the circulation loop.
19 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 18 , further comprising an electrode that is parallel or substantially parallel to the baffle plate and that extends between the top pan end and the bottom pan end on the second side of the baffle plate adjacent to the riser region,
wherein the electrode pan further comprises a pan floor that is parallel or substantially parallel to the baffle plate and that extends between the top pan end and the bottom pan end on the first side of the baffle plate adjacent to the down-comer region, and
wherein the gas and the liquid flowing up the riser region have a fluid velocity that is sufficient to sweep all or substantially all gas that is produced at the electrode away from the electrode while flowing up the riser region.
20 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 18 , further comprising an electrolyte inlet into the electrode pan proximate to the bottom pan end, wherein the electrolyte inlet is configured to feed fresh liquid into the electrode pan so that the fresh liquid mixes with the gas and the liquid flowing in the recirculation loop to form a mixing zone at least partially within the first space between the bottom pan end and the bottom baffle end.
21 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first space between the bottom pan end and the bottom baffle end is from 30 mm to 65 mm.
22 . The electrode pan assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first space is configured to provide for mixing between incoming liquid and the circulation loop to enable thermal equilibration of the incoming liquid and the circulation loop.