Merging unit with a settable time constant
A merging unit including one or more input interfaces for receiving a plurality of input signals wherein one or more voltages and/or one or more currents measured by a plurality of measurement devices, digital processing means and one or more output interfaces for outputting an output signal. The digital processing means are configured to high-pass filter, using one or more digital filters, at least one of the plurality of input signals for lowering a time constant associated with the at least one of the one or more input signals to match a target time constant or for raising a high-pass cut-off frequency associated with the at least one of the one or more input signals to match a target high-pass cut-off frequency and to merge, following the high-pass filtering, the plurality of input signals into the output signal having a pre-defined output format.
1 . A merging unit comprising:
one or more input interfaces for receiving a plurality of input signals which characterize one or more voltages and/or one or more currents measured by a plurality of measurement devices;
at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured, with the at least one processor, to cause:
high-pass filtering, using one or more digital filters, at least one of the plurality of input signals for lowering a time constant associated with the at least one of the one or more input signals to match a target time constant or for raising a high-pass cut-off frequency associated with the at least one of the one or more input signals to match a target high-pass cut-off frequency, and
merging, following the high-pass filtering, the plurality of input signals into an output signal having a pre-defined output format; and
one or more output interfaces for outputting the output signal;
wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are further configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the high-pass filtering, for each of the plurality of input signals, by:
if the merging unit is currently configured to operate using a first operating mode for filtering input signals exhibiting no high-pass behavior, applying a high-pass digital filter matching the target time constant and/or the target high-pass cut-off frequency to the input signal; and
if the merging unit is currently configured to operate using a second operating mode for filtering input signals exhibiting high-pass behavior failing to meet the target time constant or the target high-pass cut-off frequency, applying an inverse digital filter and a high-pass digital filter matching the target time constant and/or the target high-pass cut-off frequency consecutively or a digital filter corresponding to a combination of the inverse and high-pass digital filters to the input signal.
2 . The merging unit according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the plurality of input signals includes or consists of one or more current signals.
3 . The merging unit according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to further cause selecting the at least one of the plurality of input signals to be signals associated with a time constant which fails to exceed the target time constant or a high-pass cut-off frequency which falls below the target high-pass cut-off frequency.
4 . The merging unit according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to further cause:
maintaining, in the at least one memory, information on the target time constant and/or the target high-pass cut-off frequency and/or information on filter settings of the one or more digital filters for implementing the target time constant and/or the target high-pass cut-off frequency.
5 . The merging unit according to claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one user input interface for receiving, via at least one user input device, a user input defining the target time constant and/or the target high-pass cut-off frequency for the plurality of input signals; and/or
at least one communication interface for receiving, over a communication link or network, a signal defining a user input defining the target time constant and/or the target high-pass cut-off frequency for the plurality of input signals, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to further cause
in response to receiving a user input defining the target time constant or target high-pass cut-off frequency via the at least one user input interface or the at least one communication interface, store a received value of the target time constant or target high-pass cut-off frequency to the at least one memory; and
adjust filter settings of at least one of the one or more digital filters based on the target time constant or the target high-pass cut-off frequency defined by the user input.
6 . The merging unit of claim 5 , wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to further cause:
maintaining, in the at least one memory, a lookup table defining a plurality of sets of filter settings of the one or more digital filters for achieving plurality of target time constants and/or target high-pass cut-off frequencies; and
performing the adjusting of the filter settings of the at least one of the one or more digital filters based on the lookup table.
7 . The merging unit according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more input interfaces or a part thereof include an analog-to-digital input interfaces for converting a received analog input signal to a digital input signal.
8 . The merging unit according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of input signals are analog input signals, the merging unit further comprising:
an analog-to-digital converter for converting the plurality of input signals to digital signals for processing by the at least one processor with the at least one memory including the computer program code.
9 . The merging unit according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more digital filters are infinite impulse response filters.
10 . The merging unit according to claim 1 , wherein the pre-defined format of the output signal is a standard-based format based on IEC 61850-9-2.
11 . The merging unit according to claim 1 , further comprising:
one or more field-programmable gate arrays, FPGAs, and/or one or more application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs for performing at least the high-pass filtering.
12 . A method comprising the following steps:
receiving a plurality of input signals which characterize one or more voltages and/or one or more currents measured by a plurality of measurement devices;
high-pass filtering, using one or more digital filters, at least one of the plurality of input signals for lowering a time constant associated with the at least one of the one or more input signals to match a target time constant or for raising a high-pass cut-off frequency associated with the at least one of the one or more input signals to match a target high-pass cut-off frequency;
merging, following the high-pass filtering, the plurality of input signals into an output signal having a pre-defined output format; and
outputting the output signal;
wherein the high-pass filtering, for each of the plurality of input signals, is performed by:
if operating using a first operating mode for filtering input signals exhibiting no high-pass behavior, applying a high-pass digital filter matching the target time constant and/or the target high-pass cut-off frequency to the input signal; and
if operating using a second operating mode for filtering input signals exhibiting high-pass behavior failing to meet the target time constant or the target high-pass cut-off frequency, applying an inverse digital filter and a high-pass digital filter matching the target time constant and/or the target high-pass cut-off frequency consecutively or a digital filter corresponding to a combination of the inverse and high-pass digital filters to the input signal.
13 . A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following steps:
receiving a plurality of input signals which characterize one or more voltages and/or one or more currents measured by a plurality of measurement devices;
high-pass filtering, using one or more digital filters, at least one of the plurality of input signals for lowering a time constant associated with the at least one of the one or more input signals to match a target time constant or for raising a high-pass cut-off frequency associated with the at least one of the one or more input signals to match a target high-pass cut-off frequency;
merging, following the high-pass filtering, the plurality of input signals into an output signal having a pre-defined output format; and
outputting the output signal;
wherein the program instructions, when executed by the apparatus, further cause the apparatus to perform the high-pass filtering, for each of the plurality of input signals, by:
if the apparatus is currently configured to operate using a first operating mode for filtering input signals exhibiting no high-pass behavior, applying a high-pass digital filter matching the target time constant and/or the target high-pass cut-off frequency to the input signal; and
in the apparatus is currently configured to operate using a second operating mode for filtering input signals exhibiting high-pass behavior failing to meet the target time constant or the target high-pass cut-off frequency, applying an inverse digital filter and a high-pass digital filter matching the target time constant and/or the target high-pass cut-off frequency consecutively or a digital filter corresponding to a combination of the inverse and high-pass digital filters to the input signal.