Method and system for a DC nanogrid
A direct current (DC) electrical panel (DC Combiner) is disclosed which includes a plurality of input pairs of positive and negative inputs, each input pair of the plurality of input pairs is configured to provide a positive DC input at a predefined voltage and a negative DC return, each positive input is coupled to a protection circuit whereby each such positive input is isolated from other positive inputs of the plurality of input pairs, thereby generating a protected input, each protected input is coupled to a busbar, and the busbar coupled to a plurality of switched circuits via a breaker switch in line with a protected input.
1 . A direct current (DC) electrical panel (DC Combiner), comprising:
a plurality of input pairs of positive and negative inputs, each input pair of the plurality of input pairs configured to provide a positive DC input at a predefined voltage and a negative DC return;
each positive input coupled to a protection circuit whereby each such positive input isolated from other positive inputs of the plurality of input pairs, thereby generating a protected input;
each protected input coupled to a busbar; and
the busbar coupled to a plurality of switched circuits via a breaker switch in line with a protected input,
wherein each of the protection circuits includes an input disconnect switch coupled to an associated positive input, thereby generating a positive switched input, and
wherein each of the protection circuits further includes a DC shunt coupled to an associated positive switched input and configured to provide a current reading passing through or a temperature reading of the DC shunt, thereby generating a positive shunted switched input.
2 . The DC Combiner of claim 1 , each of the protection circuits further includes a fuse coupled to an associated positive shunted switched input and configured to interrupt current path therethrough when current through the fuse surpasses a predefined fuse level, thereby generating a positive fused shunted switched input.
3 . The DC combiner of claim 1 , wherein one of the plurality of positive inputs is regulated at the predefined voltage.
4 . The DC combiner of claim 3 , wherein the predefined voltage is about 380 VDC.
5 . The DC combiner of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the protection circuits is coupled to and controlled by a microprocessor coupled to or having embedded thereon a non-transient memory housing instructions, whereby the microprocessor executes the instructions to monitor the current level of an associated DC shunt and interrupts current through the associated positive input by opening associated input disconnect switch when said current surpasses a predefined switch level.
6 . The DC combiner of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the protection circuits is coupled to and controlled by a microprocessor coupled to or having embedded thereon a non-transient memory housing instructions, whereby the microprocessor executes the instructions to monitor the temperature level of an associated DC shunt and interrupts current through the associated positive input by opening the associated input disconnect switch when said temperature level surpasses a predefined temperature level.
7 . The DC combiner of claim 1 , wherein one or more DC shunts provide associated current readings via one or more of a sense resistor with a dedicated amplification circuit and a hall-effect mechanism.
8 . The DC combiner of claim 1 , wherein the busbar is coupled to one or more internal DC-DC converters configured to provide a down-converted voltage as one or more low-voltage DC outputs including about 48 VDC, about 24 VDC, and Bout 12 VDC.
9 . The DC combiner of claim 1 , wherein one or more protection circuits includes a dedicated ground fault interrupt circuit configured to disrupt current running therethrough when a ground fault is sensed.
10 . The DC combiner of claim 1 , wherein one or more protection circuits includes a dedicated arc fault interrupt circuit configured to disrupt current running therethrough when an arc is sensed.
11 . The DC combiner of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the breaker switches is coupled to and controlled by a microprocessor coupled to or having embedded thereon a non-transient memory housing instructions, whereby the microprocessor executes the instructions to open the associated breaker switch via a wired or wireless network coupled to the microprocessor.
12 . A nanogrid system for use in a commercial or residential setting (dwelling), comprising:
an alternating current (AC) utility input from a utility provider;
a plurality of direct current (DC) sources configured to generate DC voltage at one or more DC levels, wherein each DC source generating a voltage different than a predefined voltage is coupled to an external DC-DC converter configured to output a DC voltage at about the predefined voltage, thereby generating a converted DC source;
a bidirectional inverter coupled to the AC utility input and a DC electrical panel (DC Combiner), the bidirectional inverter configured to invert the DC voltage at the DC combiner to an AC voltage to be used by AC loads within the dwelling;
the DC combiner, comprising:
a plurality of input pairs of positive and negative inputs, each input pair of the plurality of input pairs configured to provide a positive DC input at a predefined voltage and a negative DC return, one or more of the plurality of input pairs each coupled to an associated DC source or to an associated converted DC source;
each positive input coupled to a protection circuit whereby each such positive input isolated from other positive inputs of the plurality of input pairs, thereby generating a protected input;
each protected input coupled to a busbar; and
the busbar coupled to a plurality of switched circuits via a breaker switch in line with a protected input.
13 . The nanogrid system of claim 12 , wherein one of the plurality of positive inputs is regulated at the predefined voltage by the bidirectional inverter.
14 . The nanogrid system of claim 13 , wherein the predefined voltage is about 380 VDC.
15 . The nanogrid system of claim 12 , each of the protection circuits includes an input disconnect switch coupled to an associated positive input, thereby generating a positive switched input.
16 . The nanogrid system of claim 15 , each of the protection circuits further includes a DC shunt coupled to an associated positive switched input and configured to provide a current reading passing through or a temperature reading of the DC shunt, thereby generating a positive shunted switched input.
17 . The nanogrid system of claim 16 , each of the protection circuits further includes a fuse coupled to an associated positive shunted switched input and configured to interrupt current path therethrough when current through the fuse surpasses a predefined fuse level, thereby generating a positive fused shunted switched input.
18 . The nanogrid system of claim 16 , wherein one or more of the protection circuits is coupled to and controlled by a microprocessor coupled to or having embedded thereon a non-transient memory housing instructions, whereby the microprocessor executes the instructions to monitor the current level of an associated DC shunt and interrupts current through the associated positive input by opening associated input disconnect switch when said current surpasses a predefined switch level.
19 . The nanogrid system of claim 16 , wherein one or more of the protection circuits is coupled to and controlled by a microprocessor coupled to or having embedded thereon a non-transient memory housing instructions, whereby the microprocessor executes the instructions to monitor the temperature level of an associated DC shunt and interrupts current through the associated positive input by opening the associated input disconnect switch when said temperature level surpasses a predefined temperature level.
20 . The nanogrid system of claim 16 , wherein one or more DC shunts provide associated current readings via one or more of a sense resistor with a dedicated amplification circuit and a hall-effect mechanism.
21 . The nanogrid system of claim 12 , wherein the busbar is coupled to one or more internal DC-DC converters configured to provide a down-converted voltage as one or more low-voltage DC outputs including about 48 VDC, about 24 VDC, and about 12 VDC.
22 . The nanogrid system of claim 12 , wherein one or more protection circuits includes a dedicated ground fault interrupt circuit configured to disrupt current running therethrough when a ground fault is sensed.
23 . The nanogrid system of claim 12 , wherein one or more protection circuits includes a dedicated arc fault interrupt circuit configured to disrupt current running therethrough when an arc is sensed.
24 . The nanogrid system of claim 12 , wherein one or more of the breaker switches is coupled to and controlled by a microprocessor coupled to or having embedded thereon a non-transient memory housing instructions, whereby the microprocessor executes the instructions to open the associated breaker switch via a wired or wireless network coupled to the microprocessor.
25 . The nanogrid system of claim 12 , wherein each DC source of the plurality of DC sources or each DC converted source is coupled to the DC combiner via a master disconnect switch configured to cut off all said sources from the DC combiner.
26 . The nanogrid system of claim 12 , wherein plurality of DC sources include one or more of solar photovoltaic panel systems, wind turbine systems, tidal power generation system, battery systems, and vehicle to grid systems.