Shared information generation in continuous-variable quantum key distribution system
Shared information generation technique including key generation rate and soft-decision error correction in CV-QKD is disclosed. A receiver is configured to: set reference bit positions for basis reconciliation according to the reference bit positions with a transmitter, to generate sifted key quantization data; performs hard decision on a part of the sifted key quantization data to generate hard-decision data; perform bit position synchronization decision whether bit position synchronization is established; and in response to establishment of bit position synchronization, performs soft-decision error correction processing to generate shared information.
1 . A communication device connected to another communication device through a first channel and a second channel in a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system, the communication device comprising:
a receiver configured to receive signal light from the another communication device through the first channel to generate received quantization data by coherent detection, wherein the signal light is quadrature-modulated according to a first random number sequence and a second random number sequence which have predetermined bit positions at the another communication device; and
at least one processor configured to generate shared information from the received quantization data by communicating with the another communication device through the second channel,
wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
a) set reference bit positions for basis reconciliation with the another communication device, wherein the basis reconciliation generates sifted key quantization data from the received quantization data according to the reference bit positions;
b) perform hard decision on a part of the sifted key quantization data to generate hard-decision data;
c) perform bit position synchronization decision whether bit position synchronization is established between the hard-decision data and sifted key data which is obtained by the basis reconciliation at the another communication device; and
d) in response to establishment of bit position synchronization, perform soft-decision error correction processing between the communication device and the another communication device to generate the shared information.
2 . The communication device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to, if the bit position synchronization is not established in the c), return to the a) to change setting of the reference bit positions.
3 . The communication device according to claim 2 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to, in the a), shift the reference bit positions by one bit.
4 . The communication device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to, in the c), decide whether the bit position synchronization is established or not, depending on an error rate calculated from the hard-decision data and a corresponding part of the sifted key data.
5 . The communication device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to, in the c), receive a synchronization decision result from the another communication device, wherein the synchronization decision result indicates whether the bit position synchronization is established or not based on an error rate calculated from the hard-decision data and a corresponding part of the sifted key data.
6 . The communication device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: in the d),
calculate error correction information by performing the soft-decision error correction processing; and
transmit the error correction information to the another communication device through the second channel, wherein the another communication device performs the soft-decision error correction processing based on the error correction information to generate the shared information.
7 . The communication device according to claim 1 , wherein the another communication device connected to the communication device comprises:
a transmitter configured to transmit the signal light to the receiver through the first channel; and
at least one transmitting-side processor configured to generate the shared information based on the second random number sequence by communicating with the communication device through the second channel,
the at least one transmitting-side processor further configured to:
generate the sifted key data from the second random number sequence by the basis reconciliation with the communication device;
transmit, to the communication device, a synchronization decision result obtained based on an error rate calculated from the hard-decision data received from the communication device and a corresponding part of the sifted key data; and
in response to establishment of bit position synchronization, perform soft-decision error correction processing to generate the shared information.
8 . A communication control method at a communication device connected to another communication device through a first channel and a second channel in a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system, the method comprising:
by a receiver, receiving signal light from the another communication device through the first channel to generate received quantization data by coherent detection, wherein the signal light is quadrature-modulated according to a first random number sequence and a second random number sequence which have predetermined bit positions at the another communication device; and
by at least one data processor,
a) setting reference bit positions for basis reconciliation with the another communication device, wherein the basis reconciliation generates sifted key quantization data from the received quantization data according to the reference bit positions;
b) performing hard decision on a part of the sifted key quantization data to generate hard-decision data;
c) performing bit position synchronization decision whether bit position synchronization is established between the hard-decision data and sifted key data which is obtained by the basis reconciliation at the another communication device; and
d) in response to establishment of bit position synchronization, performing soft-decision error correction processing between the communication device and the another communication device to generate the shared information.
9 . The communication control method according to claim 8 , wherein the c) further comprises, if the bit position synchronization is not established, returning to the a) to change setting of the reference bit positions.
10 . The communication control method according to claim 9 , wherein the a) further comprises shifting the reference bit positions by one bit.
11 . The communication control method according to claim 8 , wherein the c) further comprises: deciding whether the bit position synchronization is established or not, based on an error rate calculated from the hard-decision data and a corresponding part of the sifted key data.
12 . The communication control method according to claim 8 , wherein the c) further comprises: receiving a synchronization decision result from the another communication device, wherein the synchronization decision result indicates whether the bit position synchronization is established or not based on an error rate calculated from the hard-decision data and a corresponding part of the sifted key data.
13 . The communication control method according to claim 8 , wherein the d) further comprises:
calculating error correction information by performing the soft-decision error correction processing; and
transmitting the error correction information to the another communication device through the second channel, wherein the another communication device performs the soft-decision error correction processing based on the error correction information to generate the shared information.
14 . A method for generating shared information by continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) between a first communication device and a second communication device connected through a first channel and a second channel, the method comprising:
a) at the first communication device, transmitting signal light to the second communication device through the first channel, wherein the signal light is quadrature-modulated according to a first random number sequence and a second random number sequence which have predetermined bit positions at the first communication device;
b) at the second communication device, generating received quantization data by performing coherent detection of signal light arriving through the first channel;
c) at the second communication device, setting reference bit positions for basis reconciliation with the first communication device, wherein the basis reconciliation generates sifted key quantization data from the received quantization data according to the reference bit positions; and at the first communication device, the basis reconciliation generates sifted key data based on the predetermined bit positions in the second random number sequence;
d) at the second communication device, performing hard decision on a part of the sifted key quantization data to generate hard-decision data;
e) at one of the first and second communication devices, performing bit position synchronization decision whether bit position synchronization is established between the hard-decision data and the sifted key data; and
f) in response to establishment of bit position synchronization, performing soft-decision error correction processing between the first communication device and the second communication device to generate the shared information.
15 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein the f) further comprises, if the bit position synchronization is not established, returning to the c) to change setting of the reference bit positions.
16 . The method according to claim 15 , wherein the c) further comprises shifting the reference bit positions by one bit.
17 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein in the f), one of the first communication device and the second communication device decides whether the bit position synchronization is established or not, based on an error rate calculated from the hard-decision data and a corresponding part of the sifted key data.
18 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein in the f),
the second communication device calculates error correction information by performing the soft-decision error correction processing and transmits the error correction information to the first communication device through the second channel;
the first communication device generates the shared information based on the error correction information.
19 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein the first communication device and the second communication device perform privacy amplification processing based on the shared information to generate a final key.
20 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein the signal light has an optical power of one photon or less per pulse.