Geolocation of digital wireless signals via remodulated side-channel
A method comprises: by a DF antenna array, receiving a modulated RF signal and converting the modulated RF signal to multiple modulated RF channels; converting the multiple modulated RF channels to multiple channels of in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) (I/Q) data; by a side-channel antenna, converting the modulated RF signal to a modulated RF side-channel; converting the modulated RF side-channel to a side-channel of I/Q data; demodulating and decoding the side-channel of the I/Q data to yield demodulated data; remodulating the demodulated data to produce remodulated reference I/Q data; correlating the remodulated reference I/Q data against the multiple channels of the I/Q data to produce correlation results for the multiple channels of the I/Q data; and determining an angle-of-arrival of the modulated RF signal to the DF antenna array based on the correlation results.
1 . A method of direction finding (DF) comprising:
by a DF antenna array, receiving a modulated RF signal and converting the modulated RF signal to multiple modulated RF channels;
converting the multiple modulated RF channels to multiple channels of in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) (I/Q) data;
by a side-channel antenna, converting the modulated RF signal to a modulated RF side-channel;
converting the modulated RF side-channel to a side-channel of I/Q data;
demodulating and decoding the side-channel of the I/Q data to yield demodulated data;
remodulating the demodulated data to produce remodulated reference I/Q data;
correlating the remodulated reference I/Q data against the multiple channels of the I/Q data to produce correlation results for the multiple channels of the I/Q data; and
determining an angle-of-arrival of the modulated RF signal to the DF antenna array based on the correlation results.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the DF antenna array is omnidirectional; and
the side-channel antenna is directional.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the DF antenna array includes multiple antennas, and the side-channel antenna is not part of the DF antenna array.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
correlating produces the correlation results without correlating any of the multiple channels of the I/Q data against each other.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein correlating produces correlation peaks having magnitudes and phases, and the method further comprises:
generating a steering vector populated with the magnitudes and the phases of the correlation peaks,
wherein determining includes determining the angle-of-arrival by matching the steering vector to predetermined magnitudes and predetermined phases mapped to predetermined angle-of-arrivals.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the modulated RF signal is a digitally modulated RF signal;
demodulating includes digitally demodulating the side-channel of the I/Q data; and
remodulating including digitally remodulating the demodulated data.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
decoding includes verifying that the demodulated data is correct using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
decoding recovers the demodulated data to include an identifier of a transmitter that that transmitted the modulated RF signal.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
converting the multiple modulated RF channels to the multiple channels of the I/Q data produces the multiple channels of the I/Q data at baseband; and
converting the modulated RF side-channel to the side-channel of the I/Q data produces the side-channel of the I/Q data at the baseband.
10 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
on a first platform that includes the DF antenna array, performing converting the modulated RF signal to the multiple modulated RF channels, converting the multiple modulated RF channels to the multiple channels of the I/Q data;
on a second platform that includes the side-channel antenna, performing converting the modulated RF signal to the modulated RF side-channel, converting the modulated RF side-channel to the side-channel of the I/Q data, demodulating and decoding the side-channel of the I/Q data, and remodulating the demodulated data to produce the remodulated reference I/Q data; and
on the second platform, wireless transmitting the remodulated reference I/Q data to the first platform.
11 . A system for direction finding (DF) comprising:
a DF antenna array to convert a modulated RF signal received by the DF antenna array to multiple modulated RF channels;
a side-channel antenna to convert the modulated RF signal to a modulated RF side-channel; and
a signal processor configured to perform:
converting the multiple modulated RF channels to multiple channels of in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) (I/Q) data;
converting the modulated RF side-channel to a side-channel of I/Q data;
demodulating and decoding the side-channel of the I/Q data to produce demodulated data;
remodulating the demodulated data to produce remodulated reference I/Q data;
correlating the remodulated reference I/Q data against each of the multiple channels of the I/Q data to produce correlation results for the multiple channels of the I/Q data; and
determining an angle-of-arrival of the modulated RF signal to the DF antenna array based on the correlation results.
12 . The system of claim 11 , wherein the correlation results include correlation peaks having magnitudes and phases, and the signal processor is further configured to perform:
generating a steering vector populated with the magnitudes and the phases of the correlation peaks,
wherein the signal processor is configured to perform determining the angle-of-arrival by matching the steering vector to predetermined magnitudes and predetermined phases mapped to predetermined angle-of-arrivals.
13 . The system of claim 11 , wherein:
The signal processor is configured to perform correlating to produce the correlation results without correlating any of the multiple channels of the I/Q data against each other.
14 . The system of claim 11 , wherein:
the modulated RF signal is a digitally modulated RF signal;
the signal processor is configured to perform demodulating by digitally demodulating the side-channel of the I/Q data; and
the signal processor is configured to perform remodulating by digitally remodulating the demodulated data.
15 . The system of claim 11 , wherein:
the signal processor is configured to perform converting the multiple modulated RF channels to the multiple channels of the I/Q data produces the multiple channels of the I/Q data at baseband; and
the signal processor is configured to perform converting the modulated RF side-channel to the side-channel of the I/Q data produces the side-channel of the I/Q data at baseband.
16 . The system of claim 11 , wherein:
the signal processor is configured to perform decoding by verifying that the demodulated data is correct using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).
17 . The system of claim 11 , wherein:
the signal processor is configured to perform decoding by recovering the demodulated data to include an identifier of an emitter that transmitted the modulated RF signal.
18 . The system of claim 11 , further comprising:
a first platform that includes the DF antenna array and a first signal processor to perform converting the modulated RF signal to the multiple modulated RF channels, converting the multiple modulated RF channels to the multiple channels of the I/Q data; and
a second platform that includes the side-channel antenna and a second signal processor to perform converting the modulated RF signal to the modulated RF side-channel, converting the modulated RF side-channel to the side-channel of the I/Q data, demodulating and decoding the side-channel of the I/Q data, and remodulating the demodulated data to produce the remodulated reference I/Q data,
wherein the second platform further comprises a wireless transmitter configured to transmit the remodulated reference I/Q data to the first platform.
19 . A non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by a processor of a direction finding (DF) system that includes a DF antenna array to receive a modulated RF signal and convert the modulated RF signal to multiple modulated RF channels, and a side-channel antenna to convert the modulated RF signal to a modulated RF side-channel, cause the processor to perform:
converting the multiple modulated RF channels to multiple channels of in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) (I/Q) data;
converting the modulated RF side-channel to a side-channel of I/Q data;
demodulating and decoding the side-channel of the I/Q data to yield demodulated data;
remodulating the demodulated data to produce remodulated reference I/Q data;
correlating the remodulated reference I/Q data against the multiple channels of the I/Q data to produce correlation results for the multiple channels of the I/Q data; and
determining an angle-of-arrival of the modulated RF signal to the DF antenna array based on the correlation results.
20 . The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19 , wherein:
the DF antenna array is omnidirectional; and
the side-channel antenna is directional.