Multilayer PCB-based coil array for sensor localization in magnetoencephalography
The present application is drawn to a system and method, as well as method for manufacture of a device and system for determining the position and orientation of at least one magnetic field sensor comprising: a rigid structure comprising an array of at least five electromagnetic coils; at least one wire that connects to and powers the electromagnetic coils; wherein the placement and orientation of the electromagnetic coils on the rigid structure are predetermined; wherein the electromagnetic coils, each having a predefined magnetic moment per unit current, are constructed with a printed circuit board (PCB) comprising at least one conductive layer; and wherein the system is configured such that a stray magnetic field emanating from the at least one, as measured at the location of the at least one magnetic field sensor, generates substantially lower magnetic field intensity than that produced by each of the at least five electromagnetic coils.
1 . A system for determining position and orientation of individual magnetic field sensors in an array of at least two magnetic field sensors, comprising:
a) a rigid structure comprising an array of at least five electromagnetic coils, wherein the at least five electromagnetic coils are made of at least five electrically conductive coil traces;
b) wires that connect to and power each of the at least five electromagnetic coils;
c) at least one printed circuit board (PCB) comprising at least one conductive layer, with the at least five electromagnetic coils constructed in the at least one PCB;
d) wherein a placement and orientation of the at least five electromagnetic coils on the rigid structure is predetermined;
e) wherein the at least five electromagnetic coils each comprise a predefined magnetic moment per unit current;
f) wherein the system is configured such that, for each of the at least five electromagnetic coils, a magnetic field emanating from the wires powering the at least five electromagnetic coils, as measured at a location of each of the at least two magnetic field sensors, is substantially lower than any one of at least five magnetic fields emanating from the at least five electromagnetic coils; and
g) wherein a processor is configured to determine three position coordinates and two orientation angles of each of the at least two magnetic field sensors in the array using knowledge of the magnetic moment per unit current of each of a selected five of the at least five electromagnetic coils, a current through each of the selected five electromagnetic coils, and the predetermined placement and orientation of each of the selected five electromagnetic coils.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least five electromagnetic coils are configured to be powered independently of each of the other at least five electromagnetic coils.
3 . The system of claim 1 further comprising at least one electrically conductive connecting trace connecting at least one of the at least five electromagnetic coils and the wires.
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the electrically conductive connecting trace is copper.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the wires powering the at least five electromagnetic coils comprise a current carrying wire and second wire, and wherein the current carrying wire is twisted around the second wire.
6 . The system of claim 1 further comprising at least one ground wire and wherein each of the wires powering the at least five electromagnetic coils comprise at least one current carrying wire, and wherein each of the at least one current carrying wires) are twisted around the at least one ground wire.
7 . The system of claim 1 further comprising at least one additional electromagnetic coil and a wire to supply power to the at least one additional electromagnetic coil, such that a calibration of the at least two magnetic field sensors may be determined.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least five electromagnetic coils has a surface area sufficiently small such that when each of the at least five electromagnetic coils are powered to generate the magnetic fields emanating from the at least five electromagnetic coils, the magnetic fields emanating from the at least five electromagnetic coils can be approximated as an ideal dipole coil at the location of each of the at least two magnetic field sensors with an accuracy of within 1%.
9 . The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is configured to analyze a response of each of the at least two magnetic field sensors to a magnetic field generated by each of the at least five electromagnetic coils to determine the three position coordinates and the two orientation angles of the at least two magnetic field sensors.
10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the rigid structure is the at least one PCB with the at least five electromagnetic coils constructed therein.
11 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the array of at least five electromagnetic coils is constructed within a flexible PCB, and wherein the at least five electromagnetic coils from the flexible PCB are rigidly affixed at the predetermined placement and orientations on the rigid structure.
12 . The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the at least five electromagnetic coils are fabricated in individual PCBs and attached to the rigid structure at a specified location and orientation.
13 . The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the at least five electromagnetic coils is fabricated using a technique other than PCB construction while the remaining electromagnetic coils are fabricated from PCBs, and wherein each of the at least five electromagnetic coils are mounted on the rigid structure at a specified location and with a specified orientation.
14 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least five electromagnetic coils are configured to be energized in a sequential manner, with each of the at least five electromagnetic coils being configured to be powered on to create an individually defined magnetic field individually and sequentially.
15 . The system of claim 1 , wherein at least two of the at least five electromagnetic coils are configured to be energized concurrently, with the at least two of the at least five electromagnetic coils configured to be powered simultaneously using oscillatory currents at differing frequencies.
16 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a three-dimensional (3D) scanning device for digitizing a spatial relationship between a subject and the rigid structure, wherein:
a) the 3D scanning device is configured to generate a 3D digital representation of the subject and the rigid structure as a unified model; and
b) the system is configured to utilize the 3D digital representation to establish the spatial relationship between the subject and the at least two magnetic field sensors affixed to the rigid structure, enabling accurate co-registration of the at least two magnetic field sensors with respect to the subject.
17 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least five electrically conductive coil traces are copper.
18 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic field emanating from the wires powering the at least five electromagnetic coils, as measured at the location of each of the at least two magnetic field sensors, is less than 1% of the magnetic field produced by each of the at least five electromagnetic coils.
19 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the three position coordinates and the two orientation angles of the at least two magnetic field sensors are calculated using the array of the at least five electromagnetic coils.
20 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor utilizes the magnetic fields emanating from no more than five electromagnetic coils of the at least five electromagnetic coils to determine the three position coordinates and the two orientation angles of each of the at least two magnetic field sensors in the array of at least two magnetic field sensors.