Method and system for tensioning a hyperstatic system
A method and system for tensioning a hyperstatic system involves two structures connected to each other, including: a) connecting, by at least one non-adjustable tendon and at least one adjustable tendon which is formed by a tendon coupled to a cylinder in an initially retracted position, an upper structure to a lower structure which is positioned below the upper structure while maintaining zero tension in the tendons; step b) applying a force to the upper structure and/or the lower structure in order to tension each adjustable tendon and to deploy the respective cylinder thereof, the tension of each non-adjustable tendon remaining at zero; and step c) progressively increasing the force until the tension of each non-adjustable tendon reaches a threshold value which brings about a load transfer from the lower structure to the upper structure to allow the lower structure to be supported by the upper structure.
1 . A method for tensioning a hyperstatic system comprising two structures connected to each other, the method successively comprising:
step a) consisting of connecting, by at least one non-adjustable tendon and at least one adjustable tendon which is formed by a tendon coupled to a cylinder in an initially retracted position, an upper structure resting on an upper support to a lower structure which is positioned below the upper structure while maintaining zero tension in the at least at least one adjustable tendon and the at least one non-adjustable tendon;
step b) consisting of applying a force to the upper structure and/or the lower structure in order to tension each adjustable tendon and to deploy the respective cylinder thereof, the tension of each non-adjustable tendon remaining at zero; and
step c) consisting of progressively increasing the force on the upper structure and/or the lower structure until the tension of each non-adjustable tendon reaches a threshold value which brings about a load transfer from the lower structure to the upper structure so as to allow the lower structure to be supported by the upper structure.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , comprising an additional step d) consisting of locking the cylinder of each adjustable tendon in position.
3 . The method according to claim 2 , comprising another additional step e) consisting of recovering the cylinder of each adjustable tendon.
4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein each adjustable tendon has a minimum length in the initially retracted position, which is less than a length of each non-adjustable tendon, and a maximum length in a deployed position, which is greater than each non-adjustable tendon.
5 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein step a) is carried out by three non-adjustable tendons so as to allow isostatic support of the lower structure, the threshold value of the non-adjustable tendons being a predefined value.
6 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein step b) is carried out by applying a lifting force to the upper structure relative to the lower structure, said upper structure taking off from its lower support as soon as the tension of the non-adjustable tendons reaches the threshold value during step c).
7 . The method according to claim 6 , wherein the lifting force of step b) is applied by an external crane.
8 . The method according to claim 6 , wherein the lifting force of step b) is applied by deballasting the upper structure which will have been initially submerged and ballasted.
9 . The method according to claim 6 , wherein the lower structure initially rests on a fixed lower support which is formed by a seabed or by a fixed stool resting on the seabed.
10 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein step b) is carried out by applying a force for descending the lower structure under the upper structure.
11 . The method according to claim 10 , wherein the lower structure initially rests on a movable lower support which is formed by a stool mounted on the cylinder or by a submersible floating support structure or by an attachment system of a lifting crane.
12 . An application of the method according to claim 1 comprising: lifting of the lower structure of a float for an offshore wind turbine by three non-adjustable tendons and at least three adjustable tendons.
13 . The application according to claim 12 , wherein the step of lifting of the structure includes lifting of a hexagonal or octagonal structure of the float for the offshore wind turbine, the threshold value of the non-adjustable tendons being a predefined value given by: T=W/(n×cos (a)) where n is a total number of tendons, W is a total weight of the lower structure and all tendons, and a is an angle of attack of the at least three adjustable tendons.
14 . A system for tensioning a hyperstatic system comprising two structures connected to each other, the system comprising:
at least one adjustable tendon formed by a tendon coupled to a cylinder; and
at least one non-adjustable tendon to connect an upper structure resting on an upper support to a lower structure which is positioned below the upper structure and configured to rest on a fixed lower support formed by a seabed or by a fixed structure resting on the seabed; and
means for applying a force to the upper structure and/or the lower structure to tension each non-adjustable tendon until tension of each non-adjustable tendon reaches a threshold value causing a load transfer from the lower structure to the upper structure;
wherein the upper structure is configured to provide support for the lower structure, the lower structure being configured to be lifted from the fixed lower support and suspended by the upper structure at the load transfer.
15 . The system according to claim 14 , wherein the cylinder of each adjustable tendon is a cylinder controlled at a predetermined pressure using a hydraulic unit or a large-volume pressure accumulator or a pressure limiter or a low-stiffness pre-loaded spring.
16 . The system according to claim 14 , wherein each adjustable tendon has a minimum length in an initially retracted position, which is less than a length of each non-adjustable tendon, and a maximum length in a deployed position, which is greater than a maximum length of each non-adjustable tendon.
17 . A method for tensioning a hyperstatic system comprising two structures connected to each other, the method comprising:
step a) connecting, by at least one non-adjustable tendon and at least one adjustable tendon, an upper structure resting on an upper support to a lower structure positioned below the upper structure while maintaining zero tension in the at least at least one adjustable tendon and the at least one non-adjustable tendon;
step b) applying a force to the upper structure and/or the lower structure in order to tension each adjustable tendon and to deploy respective cylinder of each adjustable tendon, the tension of each non-adjustable tendon remaining at zero; and
step c) progressively increasing the force on the upper structure and/or the lower structure until the tension of each non-adjustable tendon reaches a threshold value which brings about a load transfer from the lower structure to the upper structure so as to allow the lower structure to be supported by the upper structure;
wherein the at least one adjustable tendon is formed by a tendon coupled to a cylinder in an initially retracted position.