IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,557,850
Granted Patent B2
US 12,557,850 · App. 18/082,940 · Granted Feb 24, 2026

Control body for an electronic smoking article

Inventors: Steven L. Worm (Raleigh, NC); Michael Ryan Galloway (Winston-Salem, NC); Frederic Philippe Ampolini (Winston-Salem, NC); Randy Lee McKnight (Lewisville, NC); David Glen Christopherson (Raleigh, NC)
Assignee: RAI Strategic Holdings, Inc.
A24F40/51A24F40/40A24F40/50A24F40/60A24F40/10
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,557,850
App. No.
18/082,940
Granted
Feb 24, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

The present disclosure provides a control body adapted for use in an electronic smoking article. The control body includes a shell and a coupler that is adapted to connect the control body to a cartridge of an electronic smoking article. The coupler further is adapted to communicate a pressure reduction within the coupler to a pressure reduction space in the shell. Also positioned within the shell is an electronic circuit board having a pressure sensor attached thereto. The electronic circuit board can be positioned to be parallel to a central axis of the shell. A first end of the pressure sensor can be isolated within the pressure reduction space, and a second end of the pressure sensor can be in communication with a normal pressure space within the shell. One or more light emitting diodes can be attached to the electronic circuit board. At least a portion of the coupler can be light transmissive so that light from the LED is visible through the coupler.

Claims (34)

1 . A control body for an electronic smoking article, which is engageable with a cartridge in a functioning relationship, the control body comprising:

an elongated shell having a longitudinal axis extending through a center of the elongated shell;

an electrical power source within the elongated shell;

an electronic circuit board within the elongated shell, the electronic circuit board being oriented substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongated shell;

an input element adapted for activation by a user of the control body, the input element being configured to cause power to be delivered from the electrical power source to a further element;

a coupler that has a connector end and extends into the elongated shell to an opposing body end defined by a bottom wall extending internally toward the center of the elongated shell and that separates a cavity formed by the bottom wall in the coupler from an interior space in the control body, and the connector end of the coupler being configured to releasably engage the cartridge; and

an air inlet channel formed in the coupler, the air inlet channel being configured to distribute drawn, ambient air to the cavity,

wherein one or more projection segments are arranged peripherally around the bottom wall and extending upward therefrom toward the cavity such that the cartridge is spaced apart from the bottom wall when the cartridge is engaged with the connector end of the coupler to distribute the drawn ambient air to the cavity.

2 . The control body according to claim 1 , comprising at least one light emitting diode attached to the electronic circuit board.

3 . The control body according to claim 2 , comprising a control circuit that is configured to cause the at least one light emitting diode to emit a defined lighting signal that corresponds to a status of the electronic smoking article.

4 . The control body according to claim 3 , wherein the control circuit is configured to cause the at least one light emitting diode to emit the defined lighting signal in response to an input from the input element.

5 . The control body according to claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the elongated shell or the coupler is light transmissive, and wherein the at least one light emitting diode is positioned so that light from the at least one light emitting diode is visible through the at least a portion of the elongated shell or the coupler that is light transmissive.

6 . The control body according to claim 2 , wherein the at least one light emitting diode comprises a first light emitting diode and a second light emitting diode.

7 . The control body according to claim 1 , wherein the input element is at least partially light transmissive.

8 . The control body according to claim 1 , wherein the input element comprises a pushbutton.

9 . The control body according to claim 1 , wherein the electronic circuit board comprises a first end that is adjacent the coupler and a second end that is adjacent the electrical power source.

10 . The control body according to claim 1 , wherein the air inlet channel is formed entirely within the coupler.

11 . The control body according to claim 1 , wherein the coupler is configured to engage the cartridge in a press-fit engagement.

12 . The control body according to claim 1 , further comprising a haptic feedback component.

13 . An electronic smoking article comprising a control body according claim 1 and a cartridge comprising an aerosol precursor composition and a heater adapted to vaporize the aerosol precursor composition when engaged with the control body.

14 . An electronic smoking article comprising:

a control body that is defined by an elongated shell and that has a longitudinal axis extending through a center of the elongated shell;

an electrical power source positioned within the elongated shell;

an electronic circuit board positioned within the elongated shell so as to be oriented substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongated shell;

a coupler included in the elongated shell, the coupler having a connector end, a control body end, and a cavity accessible through the connector end, the body end being defined by a bottom wall extending internally toward the center of the elongated shell and that separates the cavity from an interior space in the control body;

a sensing component configured to detect an input from a user of the control body to thereby generate a signal that causes power to be directed from the electrical power source toward a heating component;

a plurality of light emitting diodes connected to the electronic circuit board and arranged so that light from the light emitting diodes is visible through a light transmitting portion of the elongated shell or the coupler;

an air inlet channel formed entirely within the coupler;

wherein, when a disposable cartridge comprising an aerosol precursor composition is inserted into the coupler in a press-fit engagement, provision of an input by a user to the sensing component is effective to cause heating and vaporization of at least a portion of the aerosol precursor composition in the disposable cartridge, and when the user thereafter draws on a mouthend of the disposable cartridge during the heating, ambient air is drawn through the air inlet channel and distributed into the cavity so as to enter a first end of the disposable cartridge, mix with the vaporized portion of the aerosol precursor composition, and exit an opposing, second end of the disposable cartridge as an aerosol,

wherein one or more projection segments are arranged peripherally around the bottom wall and extending upward therefrom toward the cavity such that the cartridge is spaced apart from the bottom wall when the cartridge is engaged with the connector end of the coupler to distribute the drawn ambient air to the cavity.

15 . The electronic smoking article according to claim 14 , comprising a control circuit that is configured to cause the plurality of light emitting diodes to emit a defined lighting signal that corresponds to a status of the electronic smoking article.

16 . The electronic smoking article according to claim 15 , wherein the control circuit is configured to cause the plurality of light emitting diodes to emit the defined lighting signal in response to an input from an input element.

17 . The electronic smoking article according to claim 14 , wherein the electronic circuit board comprises a first end that is adjacent the coupler and a second end that is adjacent the electrical power source.

18 . The electronic smoking article according to claim 14 , further comprising a haptic feedback component.

Continuity (4)
Continuation 16734982 · Jan 6, 2020
Continuation 15815223 · Nov 16, 2017
Continuation 14193961 · Feb 28, 2014
Related Publication 20230124339A1 · Apr 20, 2023
References Cited (400)
US 32013A · Taylor · 1861 [cited by applicant]
US 374584A · Cook · 1887 [cited by applicant]
US 438310A · Edison · 1890 [cited by applicant]
US 576653A · Bowlby · 1897 [cited by applicant]
US 595070A · Oldenbusch · 1897 [cited by applicant]
US 705919A · Gill · 1902 [cited by applicant]
US 720007A · Dexter · 1903 [cited by applicant]
US 780087A · Burt · 1905 [cited by applicant]
US 799844A · Fuller · 1905 [cited by applicant]
US 968160A · Johnson · 1910 [cited by applicant]
US 969076A · Pender · 1910 [cited by applicant]
US 1016844A · Moonelis · 1912 [cited by applicant]
US 1067531A · MacGregor · 1913 [cited by applicant]
US 1084304A · Vaughn · 1914 [cited by applicant]
US 1147416A · MacDonald · 1915 [cited by applicant]
US 1163183A · Stoll · 1915 [cited by applicant]
US 1299162A · Fisher · 1919 [cited by applicant]
US 1304075A · Lofgren · 1919 [cited by applicant]
US 1347631A · Jean · 1920 [cited by applicant]
US 1446087A · Griffin · 1923 [cited by applicant]
US 1485260A · Fritz · 1924 [cited by applicant]
US 1505748A · Louis · 1924 [cited by applicant]
US 1514682A · Wilson · 1924 [cited by applicant]
US 1517584A · Reece · 1924 [cited by applicant]
US 1552877A · Phillipps et al. · 1925 [cited by applicant]
US 1632335A · Hiering · 1927 [cited by applicant]
US 1654905A · Voos · 1928 [cited by applicant]
US 1706244A · Meyerson · 1929 [cited by applicant]
US 1771366A · Wyss et al. · 1930 [cited by applicant]
US 1775947A · Robinson · 1930 [cited by applicant]
US 1845340A · Ritz · 1932 [cited by applicant]
US 1879128A · Despe · 1932 [cited by applicant]
US 1968509A · Tiffany · 1934 [cited by applicant]
US 1972118A · McDill · 1934 [cited by applicant]
US 1998683A · Montgomery · 1935 [cited by applicant]
US 2031363A · Elof · 1936 [cited by applicant]
US 2032695A · Gimera · 1936 [cited by applicant]
US 2039559A · Segal · 1936 [cited by applicant]
US 2057353A · Whittemore, Jr. · 1936 [cited by applicant]
US 2086192A · Schumaker · 1937 [cited by applicant]
US 2104266A · McCormick · 1938 [cited by applicant]
US 2140516A · Cowan · 1938 [cited by applicant]
US 2159698A · Julius et al. · 1939 [cited by applicant]
US 2177636A · Norma et al. · 1939 [cited by applicant]
US 2195260A · Rasener · 1940 [cited by applicant]
US 2231909A · Hempel · 1941 [cited by applicant]
US 2327120A · Mccoon · 1943 [cited by applicant]
US D142178S · Becwar · 1945 [cited by applicant]
US 2460427A · Musselman et al. · 1949 [cited by applicant]
US 2461664A · Smith · 1949 [cited by applicant]
US 2472282A · Burchett · 1949 [cited by applicant]
US 2483304A · Rudolf · 1949 [cited by applicant]
US 2502561A · Ludwig · 1950 [cited by applicant]
US 2545851A · Kardos · 1951 [cited by applicant]
US 2765949A · Swan · 1956 [cited by applicant]
US 2805669A · Meriro · 1957 [cited by applicant]
US 2830597A · Jakob · 1958 [cited by applicant]
US 2860638A · Frank · 1958 [cited by applicant]
US 2897958A · Tarleton et al. · 1959 [cited by applicant]
US 2935987A · Ackerbauer · 1960 [cited by applicant]
US 2956569A · Adams · 1960 [cited by applicant]
US 2959664A · Fenn · 1960 [cited by applicant]
US 3060429A · Winston · 1962 [cited by applicant]
US D194088S · Mann · 1962 [cited by applicant]
US 3085145A · Wray, Jr. · 1963 [cited by applicant]
US 3146937A · Joseph · 1964 [cited by applicant]
US 3200819A · Gilbert · 1965 [cited by applicant]
US 3203025A · Schreur · 1965 [cited by applicant]
US 3234357A · Seuthe · 1966 [cited by applicant]
US 3258015A · Ellis et al. · 1966 [cited by applicant]
US 3271719A · Ovshinsky · 1966 [cited by applicant]
US 3281637A · Hultquist · 1966 [cited by applicant]
US 3292634A · Beucler · 1966 [cited by applicant]
US 3292635A · Kolodny · 1966 [cited by applicant]
US 3316919A · Green et al. · 1967 [cited by applicant]
US D207887S · Parsisson et al. · 1967 [cited by applicant]
US 3356094A · Ellis et al. · 1967 [cited by applicant]
US 3365102A · Castleberry · 1968 [cited by applicant]
US 3373915A · Anderson et al. · 1968 [cited by applicant]
US 3385303A · Hind · 1968 [cited by applicant]
US 3393927A · Kelly et al. · 1968 [cited by applicant]
US 3398754A · Tughan · 1968 [cited by applicant]
US 3419015A · Wochnowski · 1968 [cited by applicant]
US 3420360A · Young · 1969 [cited by applicant]
US 3424171A · Rooker · 1969 [cited by applicant]
US 3428053A · Schoenbaum · 1969 [cited by applicant]
US 3431393A · Katsuda · 1969 [cited by applicant]
US 3443827A · Acker et al. · 1969 [cited by applicant]
US 3456645A · Brock · 1969 [cited by applicant]
US 3476118A · Luttich · 1969 [cited by applicant]
US 3479561A · Janning · 1969 [cited by applicant]
US 3486508A · Sipos · 1969 [cited by applicant]
US 3502588A · Winberg · 1970 [cited by applicant]
US 3516417A · Moses · 1970 [cited by applicant]
US 3567014A · Feigelman · 1971 [cited by applicant]
US 3614956A · Thornton · 1971 [cited by applicant]
US 3651240A · Kirkpatrick · 1972 [cited by applicant]
US 3675661A · Weaver · 1972 [cited by applicant]
US 3685521A · Dock · 1972 [cited by applicant]
US 3685522A · Kleinhans · 1972 [cited by applicant]
US 3707017A · Paquette · 1972 [cited by applicant]
US 3738374A · Bennett · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3747120A · Stemme · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3766000A · Gibson · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3771533A · Armstrong et al. · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3779770A · Alston et al. · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3792704A · Parker · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3815597A · Goettelman · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3844294A · Webster · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3860012A · Selke · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3861523A · Fountain et al. · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3878850A · Gibson et al. · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3891827A · Wyse · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3903883A · Pecina et al. · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3927300A · Wada et al. · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3931824A · Miano et al. · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 3933643A · Colvin · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 3934117A · Schladitz · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 3941300A · Troth · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 3943941A · Boyd et al. · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 4016878A · Castel et al. · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4019021A · Schladitz · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4020853A · Nuttall · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4044777A · Boyd et al. · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4049005A · Hernandez et al. · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4054145A · Berndt et al. · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4056707A · Farnam · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4066088A · Ensor · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4079742A · Rainer et al. · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4083372A · Boden · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US D250485S · Cuthbertson · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4131117A · Kite et al. · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4150677A · Osborne · 1979 [cited by applicant]
US 4168712A · Labbe · 1979 [cited by applicant]
US 4170262A · Marcus et al. · 1979 [cited by applicant]
US 4190046A · Virag · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4195646A · Kite · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US D255548S · Grodin · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4207457A · Haglund · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4207976A · Herman · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4215708A · Bron · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4219031A · Rainer et al. · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4219032A · Tabatznik et al. · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4233993A · Miano et al. · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4259970A · Green, Jr. · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4270552A · Jenkins · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4284089A · Ray · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US D260690S · Stutzer · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4286604A · Ehretsmann et al. · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4303083A · Burruss, Jr. · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4312367A · Seeman · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4326544A · Hardwick et al. · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4340072A · Bolt et al. · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4341228A · Keritsis et al. · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4347855A · Lanzillotti et al. · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4361374A · Marmillion et al. · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4382707A · Anderka · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4391285A · Burnett et al. · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US D271255S · Rousseau · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4449541A · Mays et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4484376A · Glock et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4492480A · Wadso et al. · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4494541A · Archibald · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4506682A · Muller · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4506683A · Cantrell et al. · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4510950A · Keritsis et al. · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4519319A · Howlett · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4520938A · Finke · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4531178A · Uke · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US D280494S · Abel · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US RE32013E · de la Burde et al. · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4550967A · Riches et al. · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4577646A · Ziehn · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4583559A · Hedge · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4589428A · Keritsis · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4595024A · Greene et al. · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4611608A · Vos et al. · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4625737A · Keritsis et al. · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4629665A · Matsuo · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4635651A · Jacobs · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4637407A · Bonanno · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4648393A · Landis et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4674519A · Keritsis et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4676237A · Wood · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4682010A · Drapeau et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4700727A · Torigian · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4706692A · Gellatly · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4708151A · Shelar · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4714082A · Banerjee et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4735217A · Gerth et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4756318A · Clearman et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4765347A · Sensabaugh, Jr. et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4771295A · Baker · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4771795A · White et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4771796A · Myer · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4776353A · Lilja et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4793365A · Sensabaugh, Jr. et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4794323A · Zhou et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4797692A · Ims · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4798310A · Kasai et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4800903A · Ray et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4807809A · Pryor et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4813536A · Willis · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4819665A · Roberts et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4821749A · Toft et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4823817A · Luke · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4830028A · Lawson et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US D301837S · Peterson et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4836224A · Lawson et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4836225A · Sudoh · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4846199A · Rose · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4848374A · Chard et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4848376A · Lilja et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4848563A · Robbins · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US D302659S · Peterson et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US D303722S · Marlow et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4870748A · Hensgen et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4874000A · Tamol et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US D304771S · Katayama · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4878506A · Pinck · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4880018A · Graves, Jr. et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4887619A · Burcham, Jr. et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4892109A · Strubel · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4893639A · White · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4896683A · Cohen et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4907606A · Lilja et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4913168A · Potter et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4917119A · Potter et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4917121A · Riehl et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4917128A · Clearman et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4920990A · Lawrence et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4922901A · Brooks et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4924883A · Perfetti et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4924886A · Litzinger · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4924888A · Perfetti et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4928714A · Shannon · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4938236A · Banerjee et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4941483A · Ridings et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4941484A · Clapp et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4941486A · Dube · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4944317A · Thal · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4945448A · Bremenour · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US D310171S · Cusenza · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4945929A · Egilmex · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4945931A · Gori · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4947874A · Brooks et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4947875A · Brooks et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US D310349S · Rowen · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4955397A · Johnson et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4961438A · Korte · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4962773A · White et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4966171A · Serrano et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4968263A · Silbernagel · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4969476A · Bale et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4972854A · Kiernan et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4972855A · Kuriyama et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4974609A · Southwick et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4977908A · Luke · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4981522A · Nichols et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 4984588A · Steward, Jr. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 4986286A · Roberts et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 4987906A · Young et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US D315032S · Haynes · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 4990939A · Sekiya · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 4991606A · Serrano et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 4993436A · Bloom · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 4995405A · Lettau · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5005593A · Fagg · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5005759A · Bouche · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5019122A · Clearman et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5020548A · Farrier et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5022416A · Watson · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5025814A · Raker · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5027836A · Shannon et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5027837A · Clearman et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5031646A · Lippiello et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5033483A · Clearman et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5040551A · Schlatter et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5042509A · Banerjee et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5042510A · Curtiss et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5046514A · Bolt · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5050621A · Creighton et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5056537A · Brown et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5060667A · Strubel · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5060669A · White et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5060671A · Counts et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5060676A · Hearn et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5065775A · Fagg · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5065776A · Lawson et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5072744A · Luke et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5074319A · White et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5074321A · Gentry et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5076296A · Nystrom et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5076297A · Farrier et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5092353A · Montoya et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5093894A · Deevi et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5095921A · Losee et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5095922A · Johnson et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5097850A · Braunshteyn et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5099861A · Clearman et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5099862A · White et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5099864A · Young et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5101838A · Schwartz et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5101839A · Jakob et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5103842A · Strang et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5105831A · Banerjee et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5105835A · Drewett et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5105836A · Gentry et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5105837A · Barnes et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5105838A · White et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5115820A · Hauser et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5121757A · White et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5123530A · Lee · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5124200A · Mallonee · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5127511A · Keen, Jr. et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5129409A · White et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5131415A · Munoz et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5133368A · Neumann et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5137034A · Perfetti et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5141004A · Porenski · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5143096A · Steinberg · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5143097A · Sohn et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5144962A · Counts et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5146934A · Deevi et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5148817A · Houminer et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5148821A · Best et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5152456A · Ross et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5159940A · Hayward et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5159942A · Brinkley et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5172707A · Zambelli · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5175791A · Muderlak et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5177424A · Connors · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5178167A · Riggs et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5179966A · Losee et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5183062A · Clearman et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5203355A · Clearman et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5211684A · Shannon et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US D336346S · Miller et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5220930A · Gentry · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5224265A · Dux · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5224498A · Deevi et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5228460A · Sprinkel et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5230354A · Smith et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5235992A · Sensabaugh · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5240012A · Ehrman et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5240014A · Deevi et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5240016A · Nichols et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5243999A · Smith · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5246018A · Deevi et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5247947A · Clearman et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5249586A · Morgan et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5249588A · Brown et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5255674A · Oftedal et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5261424A · Sprinkel, Jr. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5266746A · Nishihara · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5269237A · Baker et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5269327A · Counts et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5271419A · Arzonico et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US H1271H · Shouse · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5282798A · Bruse et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5285798A · Banerjee et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5293883A · Edwards · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5296685A · Burstein et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5301694A · Raymond · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5303720A · Banerjee et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5318050A · Gonzalez-Parra et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5322075A · Deevi et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5322076A · Brinkley et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5324498A · Streusand et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5327915A · Porenski · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5327917A · Lekwauwa et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5331981A · Tamaoki et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5339838A · Young et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5345951A · Serrano et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5345955A · Clearman et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5353813A · Deevi et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5357984A · Farrier et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5360023A · Blakley et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5369723A · Counts et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5372148A · McCafferty et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5377698A · Litzinger et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5388574A · Ingebrethsen et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5388594A · Counts et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5396911A · Casey, III et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5408574A · Deevi et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5415186A · Casey, III et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5435325A · Clapp et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5445169A · Brinkley et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5449078A · Akers · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5456269A · Kollasch · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5468266A · Bensalem et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5468936A · Deevi et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5472001A · Nicholson · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5479948A · Counts et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US D367605S · Moore · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5497791A · Bowen et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5498850A · Das · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5498855A · Deevi et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5499636A · Baggett, Jr. et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5501237A · Young et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]