Light-emitting device and electronic apparatus including light-emitting device
Provided are a light-emitting device and an electronic apparatus. The light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The interlayer includes an emission layer and an electron blocking layer, the electron blocking layer includes a first electron blocking layer and a second electron blocking layer. The first electron blocking layer includes a first compound, the second electron blocking layer comprises a second compound, and the first compound is different from the second compound.
1 . A light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode;
a second electrode facing the first electrode; and
an interlayer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein
the interlayer comprises an emission layer and an electron blocking layer,
the electron blocking layer is between the first electrode and the emission layer,
the emission layer is between the second electrode and the electron blocking layer,
the electron blocking layer comprises a first electron blocking layer and a second electron blocking layer,
the first electron blocking layer is between the second electron blocking layer and the first electrode,
the second electron blocking layer is between the first electron blocking layer and the emission layer,
the first electron blocking layer comprises a first compound represented by Formula 1,
the second electron blocking layer comprises a second compound represented by Formula 2, and
the first compound is different from the second compound:
wherein in Formulae 1 to 3,
L 1 is a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a pyridine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a triazine group, a tetrazine group, a quinoline group, or an isoquinoline group,
a1 is an integer from 0 to 3,
Ar 1 to Ar 4 are each independently a group represented by Formula 3, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a pyridine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a triazine group, a tetrazine group, a pentazine group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, or a spirobifluorene group, and at least one of Ar 1 to Ar 4 is a group represented by Formula 3,
n1 is an integer of 1 or greater,
Y 31 is N or C,
Y 32 is N or C,
Y 33 is N or C,
Y 34 is N or C,
at least one of Y 31 to Y 34 is C,
* indicates a binding site to a nitrogen (N) atom in Formula 1,
CY3 is a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group or a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group,
L 21 to L 23 are each independently a single bond, a C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , or a C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a ,
a21 to a23 are each independently an integer from 0 to 3,
R 21 to R 23 and R 31 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 7 -C 60 aryl alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 2 -C 60 heteroaryl alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), or —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),
b21 to b23 are each independently an integer from 0 to 10,
b31 is an integer from 0 to 3, and
R 10a is:
deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group;
a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, or a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 7 -C 60 aryl alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 heteroaryl alkyl group, —Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), —N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —C(═O)(Q 11 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 11 ), —P(═O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), or a combination thereof;
a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 7 -C 60 aryl alkyl group, or a C 2 -C 60 heteroaryl alkyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 7 -C 60 aryl alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 heteroaryl alkyl group, —Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), —N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), —B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), —C(═O)(Q 21 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 21 ), —P(═O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), or a combination thereof; or
—Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), or —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ),
wherein Q 1 to Q 3 , Q 11 to Q 13 , Q 21 to Q 23 , and Q 31 to Q 33 are each independently: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group; a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group; a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group; a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group; a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group or a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a combination thereof; a C 7 -C 60 aryl alkyl group; or a C 2 -C 60 heteroaryl alkyl group.
2 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first compound and the second compound each satisfy Equation 1-1:
E HOMO,EBL1 <E HOMO,EBL2 [Equation 1-1]
wherein in Equation 1-1,
E HOMO, EBL1 is an absolute value (electron volts, eV) of a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the first compound, and
E HOMO, EBL2 is an absolute value (eV) of a HOMO energy level of the second compound.
3 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first compound and the second compound each satisfy Equation 2-1:
0.01 eV≤| E HOMO,EBL1 −E HOMO,EBL2 ≤0.5 eV [Equation 2-1]
wherein in Equation 2-1,
E HOMO, EBL1 is an absolute value (eV) of a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the first compound, and
E HOMO, EBL2 indicates an absolute value (eV) of a HOMO energy level of the second compound.
4 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein
the interlayer further comprises a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode,
the hole transport region comprises a hole transport layer and the electron blocking layer,
the first electron blocking layer is between the second electron blocking layer and the hole transport layer,
the second electron blocking layer is between the first electron blocking layer and the emission layer, and
the hole transport layer comprises a third compound represented by Formula 201 or Formula 202:
wherein in Formulae 201 and 202,
L 201 to L 204 are each independently a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a or a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a ,
L 205 is *—O—**, *—S—**, *—N(Q 201 )-*′, a C 1 -C 20 alkylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 2 -C 20 alkenylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , or a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , wherein * and *′ each represent a binding site to a neighboring atom,
xa1 to xa4 are each independently an integer from 0 to 5,
xa5 is an integer from 1 to 10,
R 201 to R 204 and Q 201 are each independently a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a or a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a ,
R 201 and R 202 are optionally bound to each other via a single bond, a C 1 -C 8 alkylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , or a C 2 -C 5 alkenylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a to form a C 8 -C 60 polycyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a ,
R 203 and R 204 are optionally bound to each other via a single bond, a C 1 -C 8 alkylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , or a C 2 -C 5 alkenylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a to form a C 8 -C 60 polycyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a ,
na1 is an integer from 1 to 4, and
R 10a is the same as defined in connection with Formula 2.
5 . The light-emitting device of claim 4 , wherein the first to third compounds each satisfy Equations 1-1 and 1-2:
E HOMO,EBL1 <E HOMO,EBL2 [Equation 1-1]
E HOMO,HTL <E HOMO,EBL1 [Equation 1-2]
wherein in Equations 1-1 and 1-2,
E HOMO, EBL1 is an absolute value (eV) of a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the first compound,
E HOMO, EBL2 is an absolute value (eV) of a HOMO energy level of the second compound, and
E HOMO, HTL is an absolute value (eV) of a HOMO energy level of the third compound.
6 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein
the emission layer comprises a host and a dopant,
the dopant comprises a phosphorescent dopant, and
the host comprises a fourth compound represented by Formula 301:
[Ar 301 ] xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 ] xb21 [Formula 301]
wherein in Formula 301,
Ar 301 and L 301 are each independently a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a or a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a ,
xb11 is 1, 2, or 3,
xb1 is an integer from 0 to 5,
R 301 is hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a , —Si(Q 301 )(Q 302 )(Q 303 ), —N(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), —B(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), —C(═O)(Q 301 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 301 ), or —P(═O)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ),
xb21 is an integer from 1 to 5,
R 10a is the same as defined in connection with Formula 2, and
Q 301 to Q 303 are each independently the same as defined in connection with Q 1 in Formula 2.
7 . The light-emitting device of claim 6 , wherein the first compound, the second compound, and the fourth compound each satisfy Equations 1-1 and 1-3:
E HOMO,EBL1 <E HOMO,EBL2 [Equation 1-1]
E HOMO,EBL2 <E HOMO,HOST [Equation 1-3]
wherein in Equations 1-1 and 1-3,
E HOMO, EBL1 is an absolute value (eV) of a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the first compound,
E HOMO, EBL2 is an absolute value (eV) of a HOMO energy level of the second compound, and
E HOMO, HOST is an absolute value (eV) of a HOMO energy level of the fourth compound.
8 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein
a thickness of the first electron blocking layer is in a range of about 5 Angstroms (Å) to about 1,000 Å, and
a thickness of the second electron blocking layer is in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å.
9 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a thickness of the second electron blocking layer to a thickness of the first electron blocking layer is in a range of about 1 to about 10.
10 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein in Formula 1, n1 is 1 or 2.
11 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein in Formula 1, L 1 is a group represented by one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-3:
wherein in Formulae 1-1 to 1-3,
Y 11 is N or C(R 11 ),
Y 12 is N or C(R 12 ),
Y 13 is N or C(R 13 ),
Y 14 is N or C(R 14 ),
Y 15 is N or C(R 15 ),
R 11 to R 15 are each independently the same as described in connection with R 21 in Formula 2,
* indicates a binding site to a nitrogen (N) atom bound to Ar 1 and Ar 2 in Formula 1, and
* indicates a binding site to a nitrogen (N) atom bound to Ar 3 and Ar 4 in Formula 1.
12 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein in Formula 1,
Ar 1 to Ar 4 are each independently a group represented by Formula 3, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a triazine group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a carbazole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzosilole group, or a spirobifluorene group, and
at least one of Ar 1 to Ar 4 is a group represented by Formula 3.
13 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein in Formula 1,
Ar 1 is a group represented by Formula 3, and
any two of Ar 2 to Ar 4 are identical to each other.
14 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the group represented by Formula 3 is a group represented by one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-4:
wherein in Formulae 3-1 to 3-4,
CY3 is a C 3 -C 60 carbocyclic group or a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group,
Y 31 is N or C,
Y 32 is N or C,
Y 33 is N or C,
Y 34 is N or C,
R 31 is the same as defined in connection with Formula 3,
b31 is an integer from 0 to 3, and
* indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.
15 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein in Formula 3, CY3 is a group represented by one of Formulae CY3-1 to CY3-4:
wherein in Formulae CY3-1 to CY3-4,
X 35 is C(R 35a )(R 35b ), Si(R 35a )(R 35b ), N(R 35a ), O, S, or Se,
Y 36 is N or C(R 36 ),
Y 37 is N or C(R 37 ),
Y 38 is N or C(R 38 ),
Y 39 is N or C(R 39 ),
R 35a , R 35b , and R 36 to R 39 are each independently the same as described in connection with R 31 in Formula 3,
* indicates a binding site to Y 31 in Formula 3, and
** indicates a binding site to Y 34 in Formula 3.
16 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein in Formula 2, L 21 to L 23 are each independently:
a single bond;
a phenylene group or a naphthylene group; or
a phenylene group or a naphthylene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, or a combination thereof.
17 . The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein R 21 to R 23 and R 31 are each independently:
hydrogen, deuterium, —F, or a cyano group; or
a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or a spirobifluorenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkylphenyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a spirobifluorenyl group, or a combination thereof.
18 . An electronic apparatus comprising the light-emitting device of claim 1 .
19 . The electronic apparatus of claim 18 , further comprising a thin-film transistor, wherein
the thin-film transistor comprises a source electrode and a drain electrode, and
the first electrode of the light-emitting device is electrically connected to at least one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the thin-film transistor.
20 . The electronic apparatus of claim 18 , further comprising a color filter, a color-conversion layer, a touchscreen layer, a polarization layer, or a combination thereof.