Photocatalytic reactor system
The present disclosure relates generally to reactor systems that include (a) a housing having an interior surface that may be at least partially reflective, (b) at least one reactor cell disposed within an interior of the housing, the at least one reactor cell including an enclosure and a plasmonic photocatalyst on a catalyst support disposed within the at least one enclosure, where the enclosure is optically transparent and includes at least one inlet for a reactant to enter the at least one cell and at least one outlet for a reformate to exit the at least one cell and (c) at least one light source disposed within the interior of the housing and/or external to the housing. At least one light-management feature and/or at least one thermal-management feature is applied to the reactor cell, reactor system, or a reformer system comprising many reactor systems, in order to improve efficiency.
1 . A photocatalytic reactor system, comprising:
a reactor housing;
at least one photocatalytic reactor cell disposed in the reactor housing, each of the at least one reactor cell having a reactor cell enclosure with a catalyst bed disposed therein, wherein at least a portion of the reactor cell enclosure is optically transparent;
at least one light source disposed in the reactor housing;
an inner mounting pillar upon which the at least one photocatalytic reactor cell is mounted, wherein the inner mounting pillar is located at a center of the reactor housing, and wherein the at least one photocatalytic reactor cell is mounted around a periphery of the inner mounting pillar; and
at least one optically reflective surface between the at least one light source and the at least one photocatalytic reactor cell to reflect light from the at least one light source to the catalyst bed in the at least one photocatalytic reactor cell,
whereby a desired chemical reaction is catalyzed when at least one process input gas flows through the at least one reactor cell as the at least one light source emits light onto the catalyst bed in the at least one reactor cell.
2 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one reactor module disposed in the reactor housing, wherein each of the at least one photocatalytic reactor cell and each of the at least one light source are located in one of the at least one reactor module, and wherein the at least one optically reflective surface is an optically reflective conduit wall of the at least one reactor module.
3 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the inner mounting pillar comprises a cavity, and wherein the photocatalytic reactor system further comprises at least one of wiring or coolant tubing in the cavity of the inner mounting pillar.
4 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor housing comprises an interior mounting surface, and wherein the at least one photocatalytic reactor cell is mounted both to the periphery of the inner mounting pillar and to the interior mounting surface of the reactor housing.
5 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 1 , further comprising a coolant circulation system.
6 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a coolant input; and
a coolant output.
7 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 6 , wherein the reactor housing comprises at least one wall having at least one cavity through which coolant flows via the coolant input and the coolant output.
8 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 7 , wherein the coolant is applied to the at least one light source to help maintain a required output of incident photons from each of the at least one light source to the reactor cell.
9 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor housing comprises a top cover and a bottom cover, both of which are reflective on their interior sides in order to back-reflect stray light from the at least one light source.
10 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 4 , wherein the at least one photocatalytic reactor cell comprises:
a reactor cell located substantially at its center;
a first light source mounted proximate the interior mounting surface of the reactor housing; and
a second light source mounted proximate the periphery of the inner mounting pillar.
11 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one photocatalytic reactor cell or the at least one light source is centered in the reactor housing.
12 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one photocatalytic reactor cell comprises a plurality of photocatalytic reactor cells arranged surrounding the at least one light source.
13 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst bed is a fixed bed comprising a plasmonic photocatalyst coupled to an optically transparent catalyst support bed, wherein the plasmonic photocatalyst comprises a plasmonic material having a plasmon resonant frequency in the visible light spectrum.
14 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 1 , further comprising a vacuum jacket surrounding at least a portion of the reactor cell enclosure to maintain heat within the at least one photocatalytic reactor cell.
15 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 1 , further comprising a solar concentrator positioned relative to the at least one photocatalytic reactor cell to increase an incidence of electromagnetic radiation on the at least one photocatalytic reactor cell, wherein at least a portion of the reactor housing is optically transparent.
16 . The photocatalytic reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one light source comprises at least one LED, metal halide bulb, high pressure sodium bulb, xenon lamp, incandescent bulb, fluorescent bulb, halogen bulb, HID, laser or combination thereof.