IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,565,232
Granted Patent B2
US 12,565,232 · App. 18/650,842 · Granted Mar 3, 2026

Safely scheduling offloading of computing tasks for an autonomous vehicle

Inventors: Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque (Irvine, CA); Yasser Shoukry Ahmed Sakr (Irvine, CA); Mohanad Mohamed Abdelmagid Abdelkhale Odema (Irvine, CA); James Robert Ferlez (Irvine, CA)
Assignee: The Regents of the University of California
B60W60/001B60W2420/403B60W2420/408B60W2420/54B60W2756/10
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,565,232
App. No.
18/650,842
Granted
Mar 3, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

A local computing device of a vehicle receives a stream of sensor data from one or sensors of the vehicle. If a remote computing device is estimated to process the stream of sensor data and provide driving instructions within a maximum acceptable wait time, then the local computing device sends a request to the remote computing device to process the stream of sensor data and provide driving instructions. If the processing is estimated to meet or exceed the maximum acceptable wait time, then the local computing device uses a locally executed neural network to determine driving instructions. The driving instructions received either from the remote computing or from the local neural network are sent to an autonomous driving system of the vehicle. Offloading processing the sensor data to the remote computing device may result in the local computing device consuming less energy.

Claims (187)

1 . A vehicle comprising:

a power source;

one or more sensors configured to generate a stream of sensor data associated with an environment in which the vehicle is located;

an autonomous driving system (ADS) to drive the vehicle autonomously; and

a local computing device comprising a memory storage device to store instructions executable by one or more processors to perform operations comprising:

receiving, by a neural network, the stream of sensor data;

outputting, by the neural network, driving instructions;

routing the driving instructions to the autonomous driving system;

estimating, by a response estimator module, an edge response time between:

sending a request to a remote computing device that is communicatively coupled to the local computing device, and

receiving a response to the request from the remote computing device;

determining, by a state estimator module, a current state of the vehicle;

determining, based on the current state of the vehicle, a maximum acceptable wait time for the response to the request;

performing a comparison of the maximum acceptable wait time to the edge response time;

determining, based at least in part on the maximum acceptable wait time and on the edge response time, that a first request can be safely offloaded to the remote computing device;

sending the first request from the local computing device to the remote computing device, wherein sending the first request to the remote computing device for processing results in the local computing device consuming less power from the power source;

receiving, within the maximum acceptable wait time, a first response from the remote computing device, the first response comprising first instructions determined based at least in part on a portion of the stream of sensor data;

providing the first instructions to the autonomous driving system; and

based on determining that the current state of the vehicle has transitioned from a safe state to an unsafe state, the first instructions cause the autonomous driving system to:

provide an audible warning,

provide a visual warning,

change a direction of the vehicle,

change a speed of the vehicle, or

any combination thereof.

2 . The vehicle of claim 1 , the operations further comprising:

determining, based at least in part on the maximum acceptable wait time and on the edge response time, that a second request cannot be safely offloaded to the remote computing device;

processing the second request by the local computing device;

determining, by the local computing device and based on the second request, a second response comprising second instructions; and

providing the second instructions to the autonomous driving system.

3 . The vehicle of claim 1 , the operations further comprising:

determining, based at least in part on the maximum acceptable wait time and on the edge response time, that a third request can be safely offloaded to the remote computing device;

sending the third request from the local computing device to the remote computing device;

failing to receive, within the maximum acceptable wait time, a third response from the remote computing device;

processing the third request by the local computing device;

determining, by the local computing device and based on the third request, the third response comprising third instructions; and

providing the third instructions to the autonomous driving system.

4 . The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the one or more sensors comprise:

a camera comprising an imaging sensor and a lens;

a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor;

a Radio Detection And Ranging (RaDAR) sensor;

an ultrasound sensor; or

any combination thereof.

5 . The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the remote computing device is communicatively coupled to the local computing device by one or more of:

a Cellular-vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) connection;

a short-range communication connection;

a ZigBee connection;

a Wi-Fi connection;

a cellular-technology based connection;

a Bluetooth connection;

a near-field communication (NFC) connection;

a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN);

an ultra-wideband (UWB) connection;

an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15 connection; or

any combination thereof.

6 . The vehicle of claim 1 , the operations further comprising wherein the current state of the vehicle comprises either:

based on determining that the current state of the vehicle is the safe state, the first instructions cause the vehicle to remain in the safe state

a safe state; or

an unsafe state.

7 . The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein:

sending the first request to the remote computing device for processing results in the local computing device consuming less power from a power source of the vehicle the first instructions are designed to:

cause the current state of the vehicle to remain in a safe state; or

transition the current state of the vehicle from an unsafe state to the safe state.

8 . A local computing device of a vehicle comprising:

one or more processors; and

a non-transitory memory device to store instructions executable by the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:

receiving, by a neural network, a stream of sensor data generated by one or more sensors disposed on the vehicle, the stream of sensor data associated with an environment in which the vehicle is located;

outputting, by the neural network, driving instructions;

routing the driving instructions to an autonomous driving system that is configured to autonomously drive the vehicle;

estimating, by a response estimator module, an edge response time between:

sending a request to a remote computing device that is communicatively coupled to the local computing device, and

receiving a response to the request from the remote computing device;

determining, a state estimator module, a current state of the vehicle;

determining, based on the current state of the vehicle, a maximum acceptable wait time for the response to the request;

performing a comparison of the maximum acceptable wait time to the edge response time;

determining, based at least in part on the maximum acceptable wait time and on the edge response time, that a first request can be safely offloaded to the remote computing device;

sending the first request from the local computing device to the remote computing device, wherein sending the first request to the remote computing device for processing results in the local computing device consuming less power from a power source of the vehicle;

receiving, within the maximum acceptable wait time, a first response from the remote computing device, the first response comprising first instructions determined based at least in part on a portion of the stream of sensor data;

providing the first instructions to an autonomous driving system; and

based on determining that the current state of the vehicle has transitioned from a safe state to an unsafe state, the first instructions cause the autonomous driving system to:

provide an audible warning,

provide a visual warning,

change a direction of the vehicle,

change a speed of the vehicle, or

any combination thereof.

9 . The local computing device of claim 8 , the operations further comprising:

determining, based at least in part on the maximum acceptable wait time and on the edge response time, that a second request can be safely offloaded to the remote computing device;

sending the second request from the local computing device to the remote computing device;

receiving, within the maximum acceptable wait time, a second response from the remote computing device, the second response comprising second instructions;

determining that the second instructions would cause the current state of the vehicle to transition to the unsafe state;

determining, by the local computing device, an alternate set of instructions; and

providing the alternate set of instructions, instead of the second instructions, to the autonomous driving system controller.

10 . The local computing device of claim 8 , the operations further comprising:

determining, based at least in part on the maximum acceptable wait time and on the edge response time, that a third request can be safely offloaded to the remote computing device;

sending the third request from the local computing device to the remote computing device;

failing to receive, within the maximum acceptable wait time, a third response from the remote computing device;

processing the third request by the local computing device;

determining, by the local computing device and based on the third request, the third response comprising third instructions; and

providing the third instructions to the autonomous driving system.

11 . The local computing device of claim 8 , the operations further comprising:

determining, based at least in part on the maximum acceptable wait time and on the edge response time, that a third request can be safely offloaded to the remote computing device;

sending the third request from the local computing device to the remote computing device;

failing to receive, within the maximum acceptable wait time, a third response from the remote computing device;

processing the third request by the local computing device;

determining, by the local computing device and based on the third request, the third response comprising third instructions;

determining that the third instructions would cause the current state of the vehicle to transition to the unsafe state;

determining, by the local computing device, an alternate set of instructions; and

providing the alternate set of instructions, instead of the third instructions, to the autonomous driving system controller.

12 . The local computing device of claim 8 , wherein the remote computing device is communicatively coupled to the local computing device by one or more of:

a Cellular-vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) connection;

a short-range communication connection;

a ZigBee connection;

a Wi-Fi connection;

a cellular-technology based connection;

a Bluetooth connection;

a near-field communication (NFC) connection;

a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN);

an ultra-wideband (UWB) connection;

an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15 connection; or

any combination thereof.

13 . The local computing device of claim 8 , the operations further comprising wherein:

based on determining that the current state of the vehicle is the safe state, the first instructions cause the vehicle to remain in the safe state

the current state of the vehicle comprises either:

a safe state; or

an unsafe state; and

the first instructions are determined, by the remote computing device, to cause:

the current state of the vehicle to remain in the safe state; or

the current state of the vehicle to transition from the unsafe state to the safe state.

14 . A non-transitory computer-readable memory device of a local computing device is configured to store instructions executable by one or more processors to perform operations comprising:

receiving, by a neural network, a stream of sensor data generated by one or more sensors disposed on a vehicle in which the local computing device is located, the stream of sensor data associated with an environment in which a vehicle is located;

outputting, by the neural network, driving instructions;

routing the driving instructions to an autonomous driving system that is configured to autonomously drive the vehicle;

estimating, by a response estimator module, an edge response time between:

sending a request to a remote computing device that is communicatively coupled to the local computing device, and

receiving a response to the request from the remote computing device;

determining, a state estimator module, a current state of the vehicle;

determining, based on the current state of the vehicle, a maximum acceptable wait time for the response to the request;

performing a comparison of the maximum acceptable wait time to the edge response time;

determining, based at least in part on the maximum acceptable wait time and on the edge response time, that a first request can be safely offloaded to the remote computing device;

sending the first request from the local computing device to the remote computing device, wherein sending the first request to the remote computing device for processing results in the local computing device consuming less power from a power source of the vehicle;

receiving, within the maximum acceptable wait time, a first response from the remote computing device, the first response comprising first instructions determined based at least in part on a portion of the stream of sensor data;

providing the first instructions to an autonomous driving system; and

based on determining that the current state of the vehicle has transitioned from a safe state to an unsafe state, the first instructions cause the autonomous driving system to:

provide an audible warning,

provide a visual warning,

change a direction of the vehicle,

change a speed of the vehicle, or

any combination thereof.

15 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory device of claim 14 , further comprising:

determining, based at least in part on the maximum acceptable wait time and on the edge response time, that a second request can be safely offloaded to the remote computing device;

sending the second request from the local computing device to the remote computing device;

receiving, within the maximum acceptable wait time, a second response from the remote computing device, the second response comprising second instructions;

determining that the second instructions would cause the current state of the vehicle to transition to the unsafe state;

determining, by the local computing device, an alternate set of instructions; and

providing the alternate set of instructions, instead of the second instructions, to an autonomous driving system controller.

16 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory device of claim 14 , further comprising:

determining, based at least in part on the maximum acceptable wait time and on the edge response time, that a third request can be safely offloaded to the remote computing device;

sending the third request from the local computing device to the remote computing device;

failing to receive, within the maximum acceptable wait time, a third response from the remote computing device;

processing the third request by the local computing device;

determining, by the local computing device and based on the third request, the third response comprising third instructions; and

providing the third instructions to the autonomous driving system.

17 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory device of claim 14 , wherein the one or more sensors comprise:

a camera comprising an imaging sensor and a lens;

a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor;

a Radio Detection And Ranging (RaDAR) sensor;

an ultrasound sensor; or

any combination thereof.

18 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory device of claim 14 , wherein the remote computing device is communicatively coupled to the local computing device by one or more of:

a Cellular-vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) connection;

a short-range communication connection;

a ZigBee connection;

a Wi-Fi connection;

a cellular-technology based connection;

a Bluetooth connection;

a near-field communication (NFC) connection;

a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN);

an ultra-wideband (UWB) connection;

an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15 connection; or

any combination thereof.

19 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory device of claim 14 , further comprising wherein the current state of the vehicle comprises either:

based on determining that the current state of the vehicle is the safe state, the first instructions cause the vehicle to remain in the safe state

a safe state; or

an unsafe state.

20 . The non-transitory computer-readable memory device of claim 14 , wherein the first instructions are designed to cause:

sending the first request to the remote computing device for processing results in the local computing device consuming less power from a power source of the vehicle

the current state of the vehicle to remain in a safe state; or

the current state of the vehicle to transition from an unsafe state to the safe state.

Assignments (2)
CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE THE CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 67645 FRAME: 964. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Recorded Jun 26, 2024
From: AL FARUQUE, MOHAMMAD ABDULLAH; SAKR, YASSER SHOUKRY AHMED; ODEMA, MOHANAD MOHAMED ABDELMAGID ABDELKHALEK; FERLEZ, JAMES ROBERT
To: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Reel/Frame 067840/0091 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 7, 2024
From: AL FARUQUE, MOHAMMAD ABDULLAH; SAKR, YASSER SHOUKRY AHMED; ODEMA, MOHANAD MOHAMED ABDELMAGID ABDELKHALEK; FERLEZ, JAMES ROBERT
To: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Reel/Frame 067645/0964 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 63500243 · May 4, 2023
Related Publication 20240367678A1 · Nov 7, 2024
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