Ammonia and urea production in reverse flow reactors
Systems and methods are provided for using a reverse-flew reactor (or another reactor with flows in opposing directions at different parts of a process cycle) as part of a reaction system for production of ammonia and/or urea. Using a reverse flow reactor as part of an ammonia production process can provide a variety of advantages, including direct heating of the reaction environment, and simplified generation of multiple high-purity reagent streams for ammonia and/or urea synthesis.
1 . A method for performing reforming, comprising:
reacting a fuel mixture comprising a fuel stream and an oxygen-containing stream under combustion conditions in a combustion zone within a reactor to form a flue gas and to heat one or more surfaces in a reaction zone to a regenerated surface temperature of 600° C. or more, the reaction zone comprising a catalyst composition, the oxygen-containing stream further comprising N 2 , the fuel mixture comprising 0.1 vol % or more O 2 relative to a volume of the fuel mixture;
separating, from the flue gas, an N 2 -containing stream comprising 95 vol % or more N 2 ;
exposing a hydrocarbon-containing stream to the catalyst composition in the reaction zone at the regenerated surface temperature under reforming conditions to form a reforming product stream comprising H 2 and CO, a direction of flow for the hydrocarbon-containing stream within the reaction zone being reversed relative to a direction of flow for the fuel mixture; and
forming an H 2 -containing stream comprising 50 vol % or more H 2 from at least a portion of the reforming product stream; methanating at least a portion of the H 2 -containing stream to form a methanated stream; and
exposing the methanated stream and at least a portion of the N 2 -containing stream to ammonia synthesis conditions to form an ammonia-containing product,
i) wherein the reactor comprises a reverse flow reactor; ii) wherein the reactor comprises a reactor system, the reactor system comprising a recuperator portion and a portion including the reaction zone; or iii) a combination of i) and ii).
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the flue gas is free of O 2 .
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein forming an H 2 -containing stream from at least a portion of the reforming product stream comprises:
exposing the reforming product stream to water gas shift reaction conditions to form a shifted synthesis gas product stream; and
separating the shifted synthesis gas product stream to form the H 2 -containing stream and a stream comprising CO 2 , the H 2 -containing stream optionally comprising 90 vol % or more H 2 , the separating optionally comprising performing pressure swing adsorption to form the H 2 -containing product stream.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the CO 2 -containing stream comprises 90 vol % or more CO 2 , the method further comprising exposing at least a portion of the ammonia-containing product and at least a portion of the CO 2 -containing stream to urea synthesis conditions to form a urea-containing product.
5 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the CO 2 -containing stream comprises 0.9 vol % or less of CO, or wherein the CO 2 -containing stream comprises a pressure of 1.0 MPa-g or more, or a combination thereof.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the combustion conditions comprise a combustion pressure of 1.0 Mpa-g or more.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the regenerated surface temperature is 1000° C. or more.