Electric enhanced transmission for multi-spool load-sharing turbofan engine
A turbofan engine includes a first spool including a first turbine, and a first tower shaft engaged to the first spool. A second spool includes a second turbine, and a second tower shaft is engaged to the second spool. A superposition gearbox includes a sun gear, a plurality of intermediate gears engaged to the sun gear, and is supported in a carrier and a ring gear circumscribing the intermediate gears. The first tower shaft or the second tower shaft drives one of the intermediate gears. A drive motor is engaged to drive the sun gear, an inner electric motor, a stator disposed radially outside of the inner electric motor, and an outer electric motor disposed radially outside the stator. A first load on the first spool and a second load on the second spool is adjusted by operation of at least one of the inner electric motor and the outer electric motor.
1 . A turbofan engine comprising:
a first spool including a first turbine;
a first tower shaft engaged to the first spool;
a second spool including a second turbine;
a second tower shaft engaged to the second spool;
a superposition gearbox comprising a sun gear, a plurality of intermediate gears engaged to the sun gear and supported in a carrier and a ring gear circumscribing the intermediate gears, wherein one of the first tower shaft or the second tower shaft drives one of the intermediate gears and the first tower shaft is concentric with the sun gear;
a drive motor engaged to drive the sun gear;
an inner motor/generator comprising an inner armature and a stator disposed radially outside of the inner armature, wherein the ring gear is coupled to drive the inner armature; and
an outer motor/generator comprising an outer armature disposed radially outside the stator, wherein a first load on the first spool and a second load on the second spool is adjusted by operation of at least one of the inner motor/generator and the outer motor/generator.
2 . The turbofan engine as recited in claim 1 , wherein the carrier is fixed to a static structure of the turbofan engine.
3 . The turbofan engine as recited in claim 2 , wherein the first tower shaft and the second tower shaft are disposed within a common radial plane.
4 . The turbofan engine as recited in claim 1 , wherein the stator is fixed to a static structure of the turbofan engine.
5 . The turbofan engine as recited in claim 4 , wherein the first tower shaft is engaged to drive the outer motor/generator.
6 . The turbofan engine as recited in claim 4 , wherein the second tower shaft is engaged to drive the outer motor/generator.
7 . The turbofan engine as recited in claim 1 , wherein first spool includes a first compressor section coupled to a first turbine section, the second spool comprises a second compressor section and a second turbine section, and the first tower shaft and the second tower shaft are disposed forward of the first compressor section.
8 . The turbofan engine as recited in claim 1 , wherein the inner motor/generator and the outer motor/generator are concentric about the first tower shaft.
9 . The turbofan engine as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a controller in electric communication with the drive motor, the inner motor/generator and the outer motor/generator, wherein the controller is programmed to operate the inner motor/generator and the outer motor/generator for proportioning the first load and the second load between the first spool and the second spool by controlling a speed of the drive motor and a stator field of the inner motor/generator and the outer motor/generator.
10 . A method of proportioning a load between spools of a turbofan engine comprising:
coupling an intermediate gear of a superposition gearbox to a first spool including a first turbine, wherein the superposition gearbox comprises a sun gear, a plurality of intermediate gears engaged to the sun gear and supported within a carrier fixed to a static structure and a ring gear circumscribing the plurality of the intermediate gears;
coupling a first portion of an integrated motor/generator to a second spool including a second turbine, the integrated motor/generator comprising an inner motor/generator and an outer motor/generator;
coupling a second portion of the integrated motor generator to the superposition gearbox;
coupling the sun gear to an electric motor;
controlling a speed of the sun gear with the electric motor; and
controlling a stator field of the integrated motor generator to proportion a load between the first spool and the second spool;
wherein a first tower shaft is engaged to the first spool and a second tower shaft is engaged to the second spool; wherein one of the first tower shaft or the second tower shaft drives one of the intermediate gears and wherein the first tower shaft is concentric with the sun gear;
wherein the inner motor/generator comprises an inner armature and a stator disposed radially outside of the inner armature, wherein the ring gear is coupled to drive the inner armature; and
wherein the outer motor/generator comprises an outer armature disposed radially outside the stator, wherein a first load on the first spool and a second load on the second spool is adjusted by operation of at least one of the inner motor/generator and the outer motor/generator.
11 . The method as recited in claim 10 , further comprising driving the first spool with the integrated motor/generator for starting the turbofan engine.
12 . The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein the integrated motor generator includes the inner armature and the outer armature disposed between the fixed stator and the method further comprises controlling a load between the first spool and the second spool by adjusting a stator field between each of the inner armature and the outer armature.