Coffee machine with dynamic flow and temperature control

1 . A coffee machine comprising:

at least one water line configured to supply water;

at least one pump configured to pressurize the water;

a first in-line heating element configured to heat the water to an intermediate temperature;

a second in-line heating element configured to heat the water from the intermediate temperature to at least one temperature set point during an extraction process;

a temperature sensor disposed in the at least one water line between the first in-line heating element and the second in-line heating element and configured to sense the intermediate temperature of the water; and

one or more electronic control modules connected to the temperature sensor, the first in-line heating element, and the second in-line heating element, the one or more electronic control modules being configured to:

receive brewing settings, the brewing settings including the at least one temperature set point;

receive the intermediate temperature of the water from the temperature sensor;

estimate, based partially on the intermediate temperature, a flow rate of the water through the first in-line heating element; and

adjust, based partially on the estimated flow rate, a power provided to the second in-line heating element.

2 . The coffee machine of claim 1 , further comprising an ambient temperature sensor in communication with the one or more electronic control modules and configured to measure an ambient temperature, the ambient temperature being a temperature of an ambient air, wherein a difference between the ambient temperature and the intermediate temperature is larger than a difference between the intermediate temperature and the at least one temperature set point.

3 . The coffee machine of claim 1 , further comprising an ambient temperature sensor in communication with the one or more electronic control modules and configured to measure an ambient temperature, the ambient temperature being a temperature of an ambient air, wherein a difference between an ambient temperature and the intermediate temperature is a predetermined percentage of a difference between the ambient temperature and the at least one temperature set point.

4 . The coffee machine of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electronic control modules are configured to control, based partially on the flow rate of the water through the first in-line heating element, a pressure of the at least one pump.

5 . The coffee machine of claim 1 , further comprising:

a first temperature sensor disposed between the at least one pump and the first in-line heating element and configured to sense a first temperature of the water; and

a second temperature sensor disposed between the second in-line heating element and a brewing chamber and configured to sense a second temperature of the water.

6 . The coffee machine of claim 5 , wherein the one or more electronic control modules are configured to control a further power provided to the first in-line heating element based on the following variables: an ambient temperature, the first temperature of the water, the intermediate temperature of the water, the at least one temperature set point, and parameters concerning electrical characteristics and thermal characteristics of the first in-line heating element and the second in-line heating element.

7 . The coffee machine of claim 5 , wherein the one or more electronic control modules are configured to estimate the flow rate of the water through the first in-line heating element based on the following variables: an ambient temperature, the first temperature of the water, the second temperature of the water, the at least one temperature set point, and parameters concerning electrical characteristics and thermal characteristics of the first in-line heating element and the second in-line heating element.

8 . The coffee machine of claim 5 , wherein the one or more electronic control modules are configured to:

monitor, during a predetermined period, the following variables: an ambient temperature, the first temperature of the water, the intermediate temperature of the water, the second temperature of the water, the flow rate of the water through the first in-line heating element; and

update, based on the monitored variables, parameters concerning electrical characteristics and thermal characteristics of the first in-line heating element and the second in-line heating element.

9 . The coffee machine of claim 1 , wherein the at least one pump includes one of the following: a syringe pump, a vane pump, a rotary vane pump, and a gear pump.

10 . The coffee machine of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water line is configured to connect one or more of the following:

an inlet to the at least one pump;

the at least one pump to the first in-line heating element;

the first in-line heating element to the second in-line heating element; and

the second in-line heating element to a brewing chamber.

11 . The coffee machine of claim 10 , wherein the brewing chamber includes:

a portafilter configured to hold coffee; and

a group head configured to receive the portafilter.

12 . The coffee machine of claim 1 , wherein the at least one temperature set point vary during the extraction process according to the brewing settings.

13 . The coffee machine of claim 1 , wherein the brewing settings are provided by an operator or predetermined based on a brewing profile.

14 . The coffee machine of claim 13 , wherein the brewing profile includes pre-programmed set points for preparing one or more of the following beverages: espresso, drip coffee, and cold brew.

15 . A method for brewing a coffee beverage, the method comprising:

receiving, by one or more electronic control modules, brewing settings, the brewing settings including at least one temperature set point, the one or more electronic control modules being connected to a temperature sensor, a first in-line heating element, and a second in-line heating element;

supplying water by at least one water line;

pressurizing the water by at least one pump;

heating, by the first in-line heating element, the water to an intermediate temperature;

heating, by the second in-line heating element, the water from the intermediate temperature to the at least one temperature set point during an extraction process;

sensing, by the temperature sensor, the intermediate temperature of the water, the temperature sensor being disposed in the at least one water line between the first in-line heating element and the second in-line heating element;

receiving, by the one or more electronic control modules, the intermediate temperature of the water from the temperature sensor;

estimating, by the one or more electronic control modules and based partially on the intermediate temperature, a flow rate of the water through the first in-line heating element; and

adjusting, by the one or more electronic control modules and based partially on the estimated flow rate, a power provided to the second in-line heating element.

16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein a difference between an ambient temperature and the intermediate temperature is larger than a difference between the intermediate temperature and the at least one temperature set point, the ambient temperature being a temperature of an ambient air, the ambient temperature being measured by an ambient temperature sensor, the ambient temperature sensor being in communication with the one or more electronic control modules.

17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein a difference between an ambient temperature and the intermediate temperature is a predetermined percentage of a difference between the ambient temperature and the at least one temperature set point, the ambient temperature being a temperature of an ambient air, the ambient temperature being measured by an ambient temperature sensor, the ambient temperature sensor being in communication with the one or more electronic control modules.

18 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising controlling, by the one or more electronic control modules and based at least partially on the flow rate of the water through the first in-line heating element, a pressure of the at least one pump.

19 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the at least one pump includes one of the following: a syringe pump, a vane pump, a rotary vane pump, and a gear pump.

20 . A coffee machine comprising:

a brewing chamber;

at least one water line configured to supply water;

at least one pump configured to pressurize the water;

a first in-line heating element configured to heat the water to an intermediate temperature;

a second in-line heating element configured to heat the water from the intermediate temperature to at least one temperature set point during an extraction process;

a first temperature sensor disposed between the at least one pump and the first in-line heating element and configured to sense a first temperature of the water;

a second temperature sensor disposed in the at least one water line between the first in-line heating element and the second in-line heating element and configured to sense the intermediate temperature of the water;

a third temperature sensor disposed between the second in-line heating element and the brewing chamber and configured to sense a second temperature of the water; and

one or more electronic control modules connected to the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor, the first in-line heating element, and the second in-line heating element, the one or more electronic control modules being configured to:

receive brewing settings, the brewing settings including the at least one temperature set point;

receive the intermediate temperature of the water from the second temperature sensor;

estimate a flow rate of the water through the first in-line heating element based on an ambient temperature, the first temperature of the water, the second temperature of the water, the at least one temperature set point, and parameters concerning electrical characteristics and thermal characteristics of the first in-line heating element and the second in-line heating element; and

adjust a power provided to the second in-line heating element based on the ambient temperature, the intermediate temperature of the water, the second temperature of the water, the at least one temperature set point, and the parameters concerning the electrical characteristics and the thermal characteristics of the first in-line heating element and the second in-line heating element.