IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,577,233
Granted Patent B2
US 12,577,233 · App. 18/001,371 · Granted Mar 17, 2026

Solid forms of APOL1 inhibitor and methods of using same

Inventors: Kevin James Gagnon (Acton, MA); Jicong Li (Cambridge, MA); Ales Medek (Winchester, MA); Jack Raphael Minchom (Somerville, MA); Yi Shi (Natick, MA); Muna Shrestha (Belmont, MA); Faith Witkos (Attleboro, MA)
Assignee: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
C07D403/12C07B2200/13
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,577,233
App. No.
18/001,371
Granted
Mar 17, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

The disclosure provides novel solid state forms of Compound I selected from ethanol solvate Form A, ethanol solvate Form B, citric acid cocrystal Form A, and Form B, compositions comprising the same, and methods of making and using the same, including use in treating APOL1 mediated kidney disease. (I).

Claims (74)

1 . A solid form of Compound I:

wherein the solid form is selected from:

(a) Ethanol solvate Form A;

(b) Ethanol solvate Form B;

(c) Citric acid cocrystal Form A; and

(d) Form B.

2 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Ethanol solvate Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram having a signal at 14.4±0.2 and/or 21.5±0.2 two-theta.

3 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Ethanol solvate Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram having (a) a signal at 14.4±0.2 and/or 21.5±0.2 two-theta; and (b) a signal at 23.5±0.2 and/or 24.8±0.2 two-theta.

4 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Ethanol solvate Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram substantially similar to that in FIG. 1 .

5 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Ethanol solvate Form A, characterized by a 13 C NMR spectrum having one or more signals selected from 18.0±0.2 ppm, 57.5±0.2 ppm, 58.0±0.2 ppm, 116.7±0.2 ppm, and 128.0±0.2 ppm.

6 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Ethanol solvate Form A, characterized by a 19 F NMR spectrum having a signal at one or more ppm values selected from −136.0±0.2 ppm, −131.2±0.2 ppm, −126.0±0.2 ppm, −122.9±0.2 ppm, −113.0±0.2 ppm, and −111.5±0.2 ppm.

7 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Ethanol solvate Form B, characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram having a signal at 11.4±0.2 and/or 15.3±0.2 two-theta.

8 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Ethanol solvate Form B, characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram having (a) a signal at 11.4±0.2 and/or 15.3±0.2 two-theta; and (b) a signal at 19.5±0.2 two-theta.

9 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Ethanol solvate Form B, characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram substantially similar to that in FIG. 4 .

10 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Citric acid cocrystal Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram having a signal at one or more two-theta values selected from 4.7±0.2, 18.8±0.2, 21.9±0.2, and 23.5±0.2.

11 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Citric acid cocrystal Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram having a signal at two or more two-theta values selected from 4.7±0.2, 18.8±0.2, 21.9±0.2, and 23.5±0.2.

12 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Citric acid cocrystal Form A, characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram substantially similar to that in FIG. 7 .

13 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Form B, characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram having a signal at two or more two-theta values selected from 11.8±0.2, 12.2±0.2, and 13.5±0.2.

14 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Form B, characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram substantially similar to that in FIG. 10 .

15 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Form B, characterized by a 19 F NMR spectrum having a signal at three or more ppm values selected from −129.1±0.2 ppm, −128.4±0.2 ppm, −120.6±0.2 ppm, −115.3±0.2 ppm, and −107.9±0.2 ppm.

16 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Form B, characterized by a 19 F NMR spectrum having signals at −129.1±0.2 ppm, −128.4±0.2 ppm, −120.6±0.2 ppm, −115.3±0.2 ppm, and −107.9±0.2 ppm.

17 . The solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 , wherein the solid form is Form B, characterized by a 19 F NMR spectrum substantially similar to that in FIG. 15 .

18 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising the solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

19 . A method of treating APOL1 mediated kidney disease comprising administering to a patient in need thereof the solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 .

20 . The method according to claim 19 , wherein the APOL1 mediated kidney disease is selected from ESKD, NDKD, FSGS, HIV-associated nephropathy, arterionephrosclerosis, lupus nephritis, microalbuminuria, and chronic kidney disease.

21 . The method according to claim 19 , wherein the APOL1 mediated kidney disease is associated with APOL1 genetic alleles selected from homozygous G1: S342G:I384M and homozygous G2: N388del:Y389del.

22 . The method according to claim 19 , wherein the APOL1 mediated kidney disease is associated with compound heterozygous G1: S342G:I384M and G2: N388del:Y389del APOL1 genetic alleles.

23 . A method of inhibiting APOL1 activity comprising contacting said APOL1 with the solid form of Compound I according to claim 1 .

24 . A method of preparing ethanol solvate Form A of Compound I:

comprising:

mixing Compound I Form A with anhydrous ethanol;

cooling to 5° C. and stirring for about 2 weeks; and

isolating ethanol solvate Form A of Compound I.

25 . A method of preparing ethanol solvate Form B of Compound I:

comprising:

mixing Compound I Form A with anhydrous ethanol;

cooling to 5° C. and stirring for about 2 weeks;

isolating a wet cake;

drying under vacuum at 45° C.; and

isolating ethanol solvate Form B of Compound I.

26 . A method of preparing citric acid cocrystal Form A of Compound I:

comprising:

combining Compound I Form A and citric acid in a ball mill vessel with propanol/water;

shaking at 15 Hz for about 30 minutes; and

isolating citric acid cocrystal Form A of Compound I.

27 . A method of preparing Form A of Compound I:

selected from:

(a) a method comprising:

repeated distillation of Compound I in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran;

heating to 62.5° C. in a solvent comprising methanol for about 35 minutes;

cooling to 25° C.; and

isolating Form A of Compound I;

(b) a method comprising:

mixing Compound I in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and a solvent comprising methanol;

heating to 62.5° C. for about 20 minutes;

charging with heptane over about 1 hour;

adding seed crystals of Form A of Compound I;

holding at 62.5° C. for about 1 hour;

charging with heptane over about 5.5 hours;

cooling to 25° C.; and

isolating Form A of Compound I; or

(c) a method comprising:

mixing Compound I in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and a solvent comprising ethanol;

heating to 62.5° C. for about 20 minutes;

charging with heptane over about 5 minutes;

adding seed crystals of Form A of Compound I;

holding at 62.5° C. for about 1 hour;

charging with heptane over about 12 hours;

cooling to 25° C.; and

isolating Form A of Compound I.

28 . A method of preparing Form B of Compound I:

comprising:

exposing Compound I Amorphous Form to heptane vapor at ambient temperature for about 1 month; and

isolating Form B of Compound I.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Nov 3, 2025
From: GAGNON, KEVIN; LI, JICONG; MEDEK, ALES; MINCHOM, JACK RAPHAEL; SHI, YI; SHRESTHA, MUNA; WITKOS, FAITH
To: VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
Reel/Frame 072757/0407 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 63038271 · Jun 12, 2020
Related Publication 20230250087A1 · Aug 10, 2023
References Cited (172)
US 5849764A · Goulet et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 6486153B1 · Pineiro et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6518273B1 · Chapman et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6605633B1 · Paquet et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 7674816B2 · Tao et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 8815903B2 · Tatani et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 11618746B2 · Cao et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11801234B2 · Mallalieu et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11866446B2 · Ahn et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 12060346B2 · Cao et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 12116343B2 · Dakin et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 12281102B2 · Dakin et al. · 2025 [cited by applicant]
US 20010039286A1 · Dinnell et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20040006237A1 · Dolitzky et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040138287A1 · Barth et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050100902A1 · Barth et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20080153861A1 · Bissantz et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080249128A1 · Oberboersch et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20100317661A1 · Wang et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20120195902A1 · Friedman et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130237532A1 · Kim et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20180118681A1 · Ross et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20200377479A1 · Cao et al. · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 20210246121A1 · Lai et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210275496A1 · Mallalieu et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20220106327A1 · Ahn et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220340523A1 · Dakin et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20230011118A1 · Dakin et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230014907A1 · Dakin et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230119114A1 · Daniel et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230201201A1 · Skorecki et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230203000A1 · Dakin et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230250087A1 · Gagnon et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20240277661A1 · Mallalieu et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20250084094A1 · Senter et al. · 2025 [cited by applicant]
EP 0924209B1 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
EP 0934941 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
EP 2905278A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
FR 2315272A1 · 1977 [cited by applicant]
WO WO9640640 · 1996 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1997021703A1 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2000051984A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2001017965A2 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2001038305A2 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2002028831A1 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2002092568A1 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2003004027A1 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2003104180A1 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2004058717A1 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2005021505A1 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2005115983 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2005092854A1 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2007061763A2 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008092231A1 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008155132A1 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011060035A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011060217A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010137351A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012025155A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012102255A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012166415A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014085154A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015048301A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015147639A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016055517A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016078770A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017033093A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017137334A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019213148A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019226611A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020131807A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020186220A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021216665A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021127337A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021154997A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021158666A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021178768A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021224927A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021220178A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021252849A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021252859A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021252863A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022047031A1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2023028237A1 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2023101981A1 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2023154309A1 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2023154310A1 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2023154314A1 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2023154344A1 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
Balasubramanian, M. et al. (1970) “Studies on Conformation: Part X -Addition of Grignard Reagents to 4-Piperidones.” [cited by applicant]
Bartolucci, S. et al. (2015), “Iridium-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Tryptamine Derivatives from Indoles: Exploiting N-Protected Amino Alcohols as Alkylating Agents,” [cited by applicant]
Campbell K.N., et al. (1949) “Studies on γ-Pyrones. Il. Synthesis of 4-Piperidinols from Pyrones,” J. Org. Chem. 15(2), 337-342. [cited by applicant]
Casy, A.F. et al. (1976), “Reversed ester analogues of pethidine: isomeric 4-acetoxy-1,2,6-trimethyl-4-phenyrpiperidines.” [cited by applicant]
Casy, A.F., et al. (1972) “Diastereoisomeric esters of 1,2-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol and related compounds,” J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 726-731. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2002), Chembridge Corporation: 4-Piperidinol, 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-2,6-diphenyl-II XP093022694, Database accession No. 471293-86-4 compound with Registry No. 471293-86-4. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2011), Aurora Fine Chemicals: “Spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine]-3-carboxamide, N, N-dimethyl-1′-[(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (1:1)”, XP093038422, retrieved from STN Data… [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2016), Aurora Fine Chemicals: “Piperidine, 4-[(I,3-diethyl-IH-pyrazol-5-yl)methyl]-2, 6-dimethyl,” XP093022702, Database accession No. 1993174-76-7 compounds with Registry Nos. 1993174-76-7, 1993166-1… [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2018), Aurora Fine Chemicals: “Spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine]-3-carboxamide,N,N-climethy1-1′-(3-thieny1methy1)-”, XP093038444, retrieved from STN Database accession No. 2184532-71-4 abstract. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2018), Aurora Fine Chemicals: “4-Piperidinol, 1,2,6-trimethyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)-”, XP093022693, Database accession No. 2182802-01-1 compound with Registry No. 2182802-01-1. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2018), Aurora Fine Chemicals: “Spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine]-3-carboxamide,N,N-climethy1-1′-[(1-methy1-1H-imidazo1-2-yl) methyl]-”, XP093038484, retrieved from Database accession No. 218264… [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2018), Aurora Fine Chemicals: “Spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine]-3-carboxamide,N,N-dimethyl-1′-(2-thiazolylmethyl)-”, XP093038443, retrieved from STN Database accession No. 2185335-69-5 abstrac… [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2018), Aurora Fine Chemicals: “Spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperidine]-3-carboxamide,N,N-dimethyl-1′-[(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methy1)-, 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (1:1)”, XP093038441, retrieved from STN Data… [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2021), “2′-Cyclopropyl-6,7-dihydro-6,6′-dimethyls piro[I,7-naphthyridine-8(5H),4′-piperidine],” XP093024335, retrieved from STN Database accession No. 2644543-73-5 abstract. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2021), “2′-Cyclopropyl-7,8-dihydro-6′-methylspiro [I,6-naphthyridine-5(6H),4′-piperidine],” XP093024331, retrieved from STN Database accession No. 2645191-67-7 abstract. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2021), Anonymous: “2′-Cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydro-3,6′-dimethyls piro[2,6-naphthyridine-1(2H),4′piperidine],” XP093024352, retrieved from STN Database accession No. 2620609-98-3 abstract. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2021), Anonymous: “2′-Cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydro-6′-methylspiro [isoquinoline-1(2H),4′-piperidin]-7-ol,” XP093024340, retrieved from STN Database accession No. 2631256-91-0 abstract. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2021), Anonymous: “2′-Cyclopropyl-6,7-dihydro-6′-methylspiro [1,7-naphthyridine-8(5H),4′ piperidine]-5-methanol,” XP093024350, retrieved from STN Database accession No. 2617381-98-1 abstract. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2021), Anonymous: “2′-Cyclopropyl-6,7-dihydro-6′-methylspiro [1,7-naphthyridine-8(5H),4′ piperidine]-6-methanol,” XP093024346, retrieved from STN Database accession No. 2626788-69-8 abstract. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2021), Anonymous: “2-Cyclopropyl-7′,8′-dihydro-2′,6-dimethyl spiro[piperidine-4,5′(3′H)-pyrido[4,3-d]py rimidin]-4′ (6 ′H) -one”, XP093024343, retrieved from STN Database accession No. 2631119-41-8 ab… [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2021), Anonymous: “Name not yet assigned”, XP093024338, retrieved from STN Database accession No. 2642534-36-7 abstract. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2021), Anonymous: “Name not yet assigned”, XP093024344, retrieved from STN Database accession No. 2630494-88-9 abstract. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2021), Anonymous: “rel-(2′R,6′R)-3,4-Dihydro-7-methoxy-2′,6′ -dimethylspiro[2,6-naphthyridine1(2H), 4′-p iperidine], ”XP093024348, retrieved from STN Database accession No. 2625380-27-8 abstract. [cited by applicant]
Dummer, P.D. et al. (2015), “APOL1 kidney disease risk variants—an evolving landscape,” Semin Nephrol. 35(3):222-236. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript; available in PMC May 1, 2016 (25 pages). [cited by applicant]
Harish, B. et al. (2017) “N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalysed atom economical construction of 2,3-disubstituted indoles,” Chem. Commun, 2017, 53, 3338-3341. [cited by applicant]
Harper N.J. et al. (1960) “Some isomeric hydroxypiperidines.” J. Am. Chem. Soc., Jan. 1, 1960, pp. 2704-2711. [cited by applicant]
Harriman, G.C.B., et al. (2000) “Synthesis of 4-substituted 4-arylpiperidines,” Tet. Lett. 41(46), 8853-8856. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2021/036960, mailed Sep. 29, 2021 (11 pages). [cited by applicant]
Jones, A.J. et al. (1973), “Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance: the Stereochemistry of 1,2- and 1,3-Dimethyl-4-phenylpiperidine Derivatives.” [cited by applicant]
Kagabu, S. et al. (2009), “N-Thiophenylethyl-2,2-dichloro-1-cyclopropanecarboxamides: modification of the amide part of carpropamid and examination of fungicidal activity,” J. Pestic. Sci. 34(3) 161-172. [cited by applicant]
Kozikowski, A.P. et al. (1993), “Chemistry, binding affinities, and behavioral properties of a new class of “antineophobic” mitochondrial DBI receptor complex (mDRC) ligands,” [cited by applicant]
Lennox, A. (2018) “Electrochemical Aminoxyl-Mediated α-Cyanation of Secondary Piperidines for Pharmaceutical Building Block Diversification” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 11227-11231. [cited by applicant]
Lin, J. et al. (2021), “Oncogene APOL1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis via activating NOTCH1 signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer,” [cited by applicant]
Manimekalai, A. et al. (2007), “Benzyl group conformation in 4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidines,” [cited by applicant]
Meyers, A.L. et al. (1985), “.alpha.-Amino carbanions. Preparation, metalation, and alkylation of enamidines. Synthesis of piperidine and pyrrolidine natural products and homologation of carbonyl compounds,” [cited by applicant]
Nitta, A. et al. (2008) “(3R)-3-Amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-N-{4-[6-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzothiazol-2-yl]tetrahydropyran-4-yl}butanamide as a potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabet… [cited by applicant]
Nitta, A. et al. (2012) “Pyrrolidinyl phenylurea derivatives as novel CCR3 antagonists,” Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 22(2012), 6876-6881. [cited by applicant]
Pedregal, A. et al. (2012) “Development of LC-MS/MS-Based Receptor Occupancy Tracers and Positron Emission Tomography Radioligands for the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (NOP) Receptor,” J. Med. Chem. 55, 4955-4967. [cited by applicant]
Prostakov, N.S. et al. (1975) “Synthesis of 3-Alkyl-2, 4, 6-Triphenylpyridines and 1, 3-Diphenyl-4- and -2-Azafluorenes.” Chem Heterocycl Compd, vol. 11, pp. 971-975. [cited by applicant]
Takai, K. et al., (2014) “Discovery of N-substituted 7-azaindoline derivatives as potent, orally available M1 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors selective agonist,” Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 24(2014), 3189-3193. [cited by applicant]
Takasawa, R. et al. (2011), “Discovery of a new type inhibitor of human glyoxalase I by myricetin-based 4-point pharmacophore,” [cited by applicant]
Trotter, B.W. et al. (2001) “2-Arylindole-3-acetamides: FPP-Competitive Inhibitors of Farnesyl Protein Transferase,” Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 11(2001) 865-869. [cited by applicant]
Turnu, F. et al. (2019) “Catalytic Tandem Friedel—Crafts Alkylation/C4—C3 Ring-Contraction Reaction: an Efficient Route for the Synthesis of Indolyl Cyclopropanecarbaldehydes and Ketones,” [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/923,508, filed Nov. 11, 2022, by Skorecki, et al. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 18/071,153, filed Nov. 29, 2022, by Dakin et al. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 18/106,569, filed Feb. 7, 2023, by Dakin et al. [cited by applicant]
Vajgel, G. et al. (2020), “A single APOL1 nephropathy variant increases risk of advanced lupus nephritis in Brazilians,” [cited by applicant]
Valles, D.A. et al. (2021), “[alpha], [alpha] '-C—H Bond Difunctionalization of Unprotected Alicyclic Amines,” [cited by applicant]
Van Wijngaarden, I. et al. (1987) “2-Phenylpyrroles as conformationally restricted benzamide analogs. A new class of potential antipsychotics,” J. Med. Chem. 30(11), 2099-2104. [cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
Winters, M.P. et al. (2008), “Carboxylic acid bioisosteres acylsulfonamides, acylsulfamides, and sulfonylureas as novel antagonists of the CXCR2 receptor,” [cited by applicant]
Brittain H. G. et al., (2001) “X-Ray Diffraction III: Pharmaceutical Applications of X-ray Powder Diffraction,” Spectroscopy, 16(7), pp. 14-18. [cited by applicant]
CAS Registry No. 539793-33-4 (Year: 2003). [cited by applicant]
CAS Registry No. 924466-70-6 (Year: 2007). [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2005) Anonymous, CAplus Registry No. RN 847480-40-4, A88:A93A94A88:A90A88:A97A94A88:AA88:A91. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2007), Chemical Abstracts Service, Columbus, Ohio, Accession No. RN 930014-44-1, Entered STN: Apr. 13, 2007. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2007), Chemical Abstracts Service, Columbus, Ohio, Accession No. RN 1391756-29-8, Entered STN: Aug. 16, 2012. [cited by applicant]
Database Registry (2007), Chemical Abstracts Service, Columbus, Ohio, Accession No. RN 1391756-83-4, Entered STN: Aug. 16, 2012. [cited by applicant]
Horner, et al. DE 1266763 (abstract) retrieved from STN Accession No. 1968:506703, CAPLUS, Apr. 25, 1968. [cited by applicant]
Johansson, H. et al. (2013), “3-Substituted 2-phenyl-indoles: privileged structures for medicinal chemistry” RSC Adv, 3, 945-960. [cited by applicant]
Joshi, K.C. et al. (1978), “Synthesis and CNS Activity of Some Fluorine Containing 3-Indolylglyoxamides and Tryptamines” Agric. Biol. Chem., 42(9), pp. 1723-1726. [cited by applicant]
Kang H. et al. (2018), “Potent aromatase inhibitors and molecular mechanism of inhibitory action,” European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 143, 426-437. [cited by applicant]
Naik M. et al. (2014), “2-Phenylindole and arylsulfonamide: novel scaffolds bactericidal against [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fee(s) Due for U.S. Appl. No. 17/161,474, mailed Mar. 5, 2024. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fee(s) Due for U.S. Appl. No. 17/161,474, mailed May 28, 2024. [cited by applicant]
Shaw D. et al. (2001), “2-Aryl Indole NK1 Antagonists: Optimisation of the Amide Substituent,” Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 11, 3031-3034. [cited by applicant]
The United States Pharmacopeia, Jan. 1, 1995, 23rd Revision, USP 23/NF 18, General Chapter on X-ray diffraction, pp. 1843-1844. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 18/504,559, filed Nov. 8, 2023. [cited by applicant]
Z. Linxiang, “Chemical Pharmaceutical Technology,” p. 405, China Medical Science Press, Aug. 2015. [cited by applicant]
Zhang, G.-N. et al. (2019), “An Efficient Synthesis of N-Aryl-2-(Indol-3-yl)-Acetamides via Multi-Component Reactions,” Heterocycles, 98(4), 535-543. [cited by applicant]
CAS Registry No. 850916-71-1 (Year: 2005). [cited by applicant]
CAS Registry No. 920692-07-5 (Year: 2007). [cited by applicant]
Croscarmellose Sodium; www.drugs.com/inactive/croscarmellose-sodium-204.html; archived via Wayback Machine on Dec. 27, 2011 (Year: 2011). [cited by applicant]
Hölzer AW et al. (1979) “Evaluation of sodium stearyl fumarate as a tablet lubricant,” International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 1979, 2, pp. 145-153. [cited by applicant]
Lv J. et al. (2009) “Combination therapy of prednisone and ACE inhibitor versus ACE-inhibitor therapy alone in patients with IgA nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial.” Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2009, 53(1):26-32. [cited by applicant]
Momoniat T. et al. (2019) ACE inhibitors and ARBs: Managing potassium and renal function. Cleveland Clinic J. Med., 2019, 86 (9) 601-607. [cited by applicant]
Remington, “Tablet Ingredients”, Remington: the Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Edition, Beringer et al. Editors, 2005, pp. 891-894 (Year: 2005). [cited by applicant]
Topham, P. (2009) “Proteinuric renal disease,” Clin. Med., 2009, 9(3):284-287. [cited by applicant]
CAS Registry No. 221281-66-9 (Year: 2007). [cited by applicant]
Charlet-Fagnere, C. et al. (1996), “Studies on the Dimerization of Melatonin (5-Methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) and Related Compounds in Acid Medium. Oxidation of 2-Arylindolines into 2-Arylindoles” Bulletin de la Societe C… [cited by applicant]
Cooper, L.C. et al. (2001) “2-Aryl Indole NK1 Receptor Antagonists: Optimisation of Indole Substitution” Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 11(9), 1233-1236. [cited by applicant]
Remington, “Tablet Ingredients”, Remington: the Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Edition, Beringer et al., 2005, pp. 891-894 (Year: 2005). [cited by applicant]
Wu, K. et al. (2018) “Rhll-Catalyzed Intermolecular C—H Arylation of Aromatics with Diazo Quinones” Chem. Eur. J., 24, 4815. [cited by applicant]