Method for processing telemetry data for estimating a wind speed
A method for processing telemetry data for estimating a wind speed. The method includes a hybridization by temporal combination, and/or by weighting, and/or by averaged projection.
1 . A method for processing telemetry data for estimating a wind speed, said method comprising hybridization by temporal combination comprising:
measuring projections S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S Vi of an instantaneous wind speed vector along at least one measuring laser beam emitted by a LIDAR; wherein the projections S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S Vi of the instantaneous wind speed vector are measured by the LIDAR by means of the at least one measuring laser beam extending, respectively, along a first axis a 1 , a second axis a 2 , a third axis a 3 , a fourth axis a 4 and a fifth axis a 5 ;
providing a data processing device configured for receiving said measurements and performing the following steps:
a step (A) of vector reconstruction, on the basis of equations (1) to (7), of at least two components (U Ω , V Ω ) or (V Ω , W Ω ) or (U Ω , W Ω ) among three components (U Ω , V Ω , W Ω ) of an average wind speed vector over a time interval (Ω), called partition time interval, from the successive projections, over time, of the instantaneous wind speed vector; the component U Ω being the component of the average wind speed vector in a spatial direction (d 1 ) extending in a spatial plane (p 1 ) and the component V Ω being the component of the average wind speed vector in a spatial direction (d 2 ) extending in the spatial plane p 1 and the component W Ω being the component of the average wind speed vector in a spatial direction (d 3 ) orthogonal to the plane p 1 :
U
Ω
=
1
M
·
∑
M
(
S
N
i
)
-
1
M
·
∑
M
(
S
S
i
)
2
·
sin
θ
,
or
equation
1
U
Ω
=
1
M
·
∑
M
(
S
N
i
)
-
1
M
·
∑
M
(
S
S
i
)
2
·
sin
θ
·
cos
(
α
2
)
,
and
/
or
equation
6
V
Ω
=
1
M
·
∑
M
(
S
Ei
)
-
1
M
·
∑
M
(
S
Wi
)
2
·
sin
γ
,
or
equation
2
V
Ω
=
1
M
·
∑
M
(
S
Ei
)
-
1
M
·
∑
M
(
S
Wi
)
2
·
sin
γ
·
cos
(
α
2
)
,
and
/
or
equation
7
W
Ω
=
1
M
·
∑
M
(
S
N
i
)
+
1
M
·
∑
M
(
S
S
i
)
2
·
cos
θ
,
or
equation
3
W
Ω
=
1
M
·
∑
M
(
S
Ei
)
+
1
M
·
∑
M
(
S
Wi
)
2
·
cos
γ
,
or
equation
4
W
Ω
=
1
M
·
∑
M
(
S
Vi
)
,
equation
5
in which i is an integer comprised between 1 and M corresponding to the successive projections S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S vi , over time, of the instantaneous wind speed vector over the partition time interval Ω;
S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S Vi are the respective projections of the instantaneous wind speed vector along, respectively, a first axis (a 1 ), a second axis (a 2 ), a third axis (a 3 ), a fourth axis (a 4 ) and a fifth axis (a 5 ) merged with the direction d 3 , θ is a non-zero angle formed between the axis a 1 and a normal to the plane p 1 and between the axis a 2 and the normal to the plane p 1 and γ is a non-zero angle formed between the axis a 3 and the normal to the plane p 1 and the axis a 4 and the normal to the plane p 1 , the first and second axes a 1 and a 2 are included in a plane (p 2 ), the third and fourth axes a 3 and a 4 are included in a plane (p 3 ) and the planes p 2 and p 3 form a non-zero angle α between them;
a step (B) of scalar reconstruction, on the basis of equations (8) to (10), of at least one average wind speed value (Vh ave ) over a time interval (T), in a plane p 1 or p 2 or p 3 , called reference time interval, from a T/Ω of said least two components of the average wind speed vector reconstructed in step A;
wherein T/Ω corresponds to the number of the at least two components of the average wind speed over the partition time interval Ω included in the reference time interval T and 2Ω is less than or equal to T;
wherein:
[
Math
8
]
Vh
ave
.1
=
1
Q
·
∑
Q
(
(
U
Ω
)
2
+
(
V
Ω
)
2
+
2
·
U
Ω
·
V
Ω
·
cos
α
)
,
equation
8
[
Math
9
]
Vh
ave
.2
=
1
Q
·
∑
Q
(
(
U
Ω
)
2
+
(
W
Ω
)
2
)
,
equation
9
[
Math
10
]
Vh
ave
.3
=
1
Q
·
∑
Q
(
(
V
Ω
)
2
+
(
W
Ω
)
2
)
,
equation
10
;
and
Q is an integer comprised between 1 and (T/Ω) corresponding to the number of the at least two components of the average wind speed over the partition time interval Q included in the reference time interval T.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , in which a value of the partition time interval Ω is constant or is modified during acquisition of the telemetry data, said value of the partition time interval Ω being a function of:
the type of telemetry system from which the telemetry data are acquired, and/or
the atmospheric conditions during acquisition of said telemetry data.
3 . The method according to claim 1 comprising estimation of a wind direction (dir) in plane p 1 according to equation (44):
[
Math
44
]
Dir
=
tan
-
1
(
Vrec
Urec
)
,
equation
44
in which tan −1 is the arc tangent function, the estimated wind direction is an angular value between the wind direction and the direction d 1 and in which Vrec and Urec are each:
a scalar value of a component of the wind speed in plane p 1 over the reference time interval T, or
an average vector speed of a component of the wind speed in plane p 1 over the reference time interval T.
4 . A data processing device comprising means arranged and/or programmed and/or configured for implementing the method according to claim 1 .
5 . A computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, lead the latter to implement the method according to claim 1 .
6 . A recording medium:
comprising instructions which, when they are executed by a computer, on which the computer according to claim 5 is recorded.
7 . A recording medium:
comprising instructions which, when they are executed by a computer, lead to implementation of the method according to claim 1 .
8 . A LIDAR arranged for measuring projections of an instantaneous wind speed vector along at least one measuring laser beam emitted by the LIDAR, and a data processing device, connected with the LIDAR, comprising means arranged and/or programmed and/or configured for implementing the method, according to claim 1 , from the projections measured by the LIDAR.
9 . A method for processing telemetry data for estimating a wind speed, said method comprising hybridization by weighting comprising:
measuring projections S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S Vi of an instantaneous wind speed vector along at least one measuring laser beam emitted by a LIDAR; wherein the projections S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S Vi of the instantaneous wind speed vector are measured by the LIDAR, by means of the at least one measuring laser beam extending, respectively, along a first axis a 1 , a second axis a 2 , a third axis a 3 , a fourth axis a 4 and a fifth axis a 5 ;
providing a data processing device configured for receiving said measurements and performing the following steps;
a step (C) of vector reconstruction of at least two components of the instantaneous wind speed vector from the projections S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S Vi of the instantaneous wind speed vector;
a step (D) of vector reconstruction over a time interval (T), called reference time interval, of at least two components of an average wind speed vector from a number N of the at least two components, comprised over the reference time interval T, of the instantaneous wind speed vector reconstructed in step C;
a step (E) of scalar reconstruction of at least one instantaneous wind speed value from the at least two components of the average wind speed vector reconstructed in step C;
a step (F) of determining at least one average wind speed value from the at least one instantaneous wind speed value reconstructed in step E;
a step (G) of determining at least one average wind speed value over the reference time interval T from the at least two components of the average wind speed vector reconstructed in step D; and
a step (H) of determining at least one average wind speed value (Vh ave ) over the time interval T by weighting of a sum of the at least one average wind speed value reconstructed in step F and of the at least one average wind speed value determined in step G.
10 . The method according to claim 9 comprising:
in step C, vector reconstruction, on the basis of the respective equations (11) to (17), of the at least two components (U i , V i ) or (V i , W i ) or (U i , W i ) among three components (U i , V i , W i ) of the instantaneous wind speed vector; i is an integer comprised between 1 and N corresponding to the number of successive projections of the instantaneous wind speed vector over the reference time interval T, U i being the component of the instantaneous wind speed vector in a spatial direction (d 1 ) extending in a spatial plane (p 1 ) and the component V i being the component of the instantaneous wind speed vector in a spatial direction (d 2 ) extending in the spatial plane p 1 and the component W i being the component of the average wind speed vector in a spatial direction (d 3 ) orthogonal to the plane p 1 :
[
Math
11
]
U
i
=
S
Ni
-
S
Si
2.
sin
θ
,
or
equation
11
[
Math
12
]
U
i
=
S
Ni
-
S
Si
2.
sin
θ
.
cos
(
α
2
)
,
and
/
or
equation
16
[
Math
13
]
V
i
=
S
Ei
-
S
Wi
2.
sin
γ
,
or
equation
12
[
Math
14
]
V
i
=
S
Ei
-
S
Wi
2.
sin
γ
.
cos
(
α
2
)
,
and
/
or
equation
17
[
Math
15
]
W
i
=
S
Ei
+
S
Wi
2.
cos
γ
,
or
equation
13
[
Math
16
]
W
i
=
S
Ni
+
S
Si
2.
cos
θ
,
or
equation
14
[
Math
17
]
W
i
=
S
Vi
,
equation
15
in which S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S Vi are projections of the instantaneous wind speed vector along, respectively, a first axis (a 1 ), a second axis (a 2 ), a third axis (a 3 ), a fourth axis (a 4 ) and a fifth axis (a 5 ) merged with the direction d 3 , 0 is a non-zero angle formed between the axis a 1 and a normal to the plane p 1 and between the axis a 2 and the normal to the plane p 1 and γ is a non-zero angle formed between the axis a 3 and the normal to the plane p 1 and the axis a 4 and the normal to the plane p 1 , the first and second axes a 1 and a 2 are included in a plane (p 2 ), the third and fourth axes a 3 and a 4 are included in a plane (p 3 ) and the planes p 2 and p 3 form a non-zero angle α between them,
in step D, vector reconstruction, on the basis of equations (18) to (20), of the at least two components (Uvect N , Vvect N ) or (Vvect N , Wvect N ) or (Uvect N , Wvect N ) of the average wind speed vector over the reference time interval T; the component Uvect N being the component of the wind speed in the spatial direction d 1 , the component Vvect N being the component of the wind speed in the spatial direction d 2 and the component Wvect N being the component of the wind speed in the spatial direction d 3 :
[
Math
18
]
Uvect
N
=
1
N
.
∑
N
(
U
i
)
,
and
/
or
equation
18
[
Math
19
]
Vvect
N
=
1
N
.
∑
N
(
V
i
)
,
and
/
or
equation
19
[
Math
20
]
Wvect
N
=
1
N
.
∑
N
(
W
i
)
,
equation
20
in step E, scalar reconstruction, on the basis of equations (21) to (23), of the at least one value (Vscal i ) of the instantaneous wind speed; Vscal i corresponding to a temporal series of the instantaneous wind speed value in plane p 1 or p 2 or p 3 , respectively:
[
Math
21
]
Vscal
i
.1
=
(
U
i
)
2
+
(
V
i
)
2
+
2
·
U
i
·
V
i
·
cos
α
,
equation
21
[
Math
22
]
Vscal
i
.2
=
(
U
i
)
2
+
(
W
i
)
2
,
equation
22
[
Math
23
]
Vscal
i
.3
=
(
V
i
)
2
+
(
W
i
)
2
,
equation
23
,
in step F, determination, on the basis of equations (24) to (26) and starting from the value Vscal i.1 or Vscal i.2 or Vscal i.3 of the instantaneous wind speed reconstructed in step E, of the at least one average wind speed value (Vhscal ave ) in plane p 1 , p 2 or p 3 respectively over the reference time interval T:
[
Math
24
]
Vhscal
ave
.1
=
1
N
.
∑
N
(
Vscal
i
.1
)
,
equation
24
[
Math
25
]
Vhscal
ave
.2
=
1
N
.
∑
N
(
Vscal
i
.2
)
,
equation
25
[
Math
26
]
Vhscal
ave
.3
=
1
N
.
∑
N
(
Vscal
i
.3
)
,
equation
26
in step G, determination, on the basis of equations (27) to (29) and starting from the at least two reconstructed components of the average wind speed vector, of the at least one average wind speed value (Vvect ave ) in plane p 1 , p 2 or p 3 respectively over the reference time interval T:
[
Math
27
]
Vhvect
ave
.1
=
(
Uvect
N
)
2
+
(
Vvect
N
)
2
+
2.
Uvect
N
.
Vvect
N
.
cos
α
,
equation
27
[
Math
28
]
Vhvect
ave
.2
=
(
Uvect
N
)
2
+
(
Wvect
N
)
2
,
equation
28
[
Math
29
]
Vhvect
ave
.3
=
(
Vvect
N
)
2
+
(
Wvect
N
)
2
,
equation
29
in step H, calculation, on the basis of equations (30) to (32) and starting from the pairs of reconstructed wind speed values (Vhscal ave.1 , Vhvect ave.1 ) or (Vhscal ave.2 and Vhvect ave.2 ) or (Vhscal ave.3 , Vhvect ave.3 ), of at least one weighted average wind speed value (Vh ave ) in plane p 1 , p 2 or p 3 respectively over the reference time interval T:
[
Math
30
]
Vh
ave
.1
=
(
1
-
P
)
·
Vhscal
ave
.1
+
P
·
Vhvect
ave
.
1
,
equation
30
[
Math
31
]
Vh
ave
.2
=
(
1
-
P
)
·
Vhscal
ave
.2
+
P
·
Vhvect
ave
.
2
,
equation
31
[
Math
32
]
Vh
ave
.3
=
(
1
-
P
)
·
Vhscal
ave
.3
+
P
·
Vhvect
ave
.
3
,
equation
32
in which P is a dimensionless weighting factor comprised between 0 and 1.
11 . The method according to claim 9 , in which the factor P is greater than 0.2 and/or less than 0.6.
12 . The method according to claim 9 , in which the value of the factor P is constant or is modified during acquisition of the telemetry data or when implementing the method, said value of the partition time interval Ω being a function of:
the type of telemetry system from which the telemetry data are acquired, and/or
the atmospheric conditions during acquisition of said telemetry data.
13 . The method according to claim 9 , comprising estimation of the fluctuations σ of the wind speed over the reference time interval T according to equation (33):
[
Math
33
]
σ
=
c
.
❘
"\[LeftBracketingBar]"
Vhscal
ave
-
Vhvect
ave
❘
"\[RightBracketingBar]"
Vh
ave
equation
33
in which c is a positive number and σ is a zero or positive dimensionless number.
14 . A method for processing telemetry data for estimating a wind speed, said method comprising an averaged projection comprising:
measuring, by a LIDAR, projections S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S Vi of an instantaneous wind speed vector along at least one measuring laser beam, emitted by the LIDAR, extending, respectively, along a first axis a 1 , a second axis a 2 , a third axis a 3 , a fourth axis a 4 and a fifth axis a 5 ;
providing a data processing device configured for receiving said measurements and performing the following steps:
a step I, of vector reconstruction, of at least two components (U i , V i ) or (V i , W i ) or (U i , W i ) among three components (U i , V i , W i ) of the instantaneous wind speed vector from the projections of the instantaneous wind speed vector and from equations (34) to (40); i is an integer comprised between 1 and N corresponding to the number of successive projections of the instantaneous wind speed vector over a time interval (T) called reference time interval, U i being the component of the instantaneous wind speed vector in a spatial direction (d 1 ) extending in a spatial plane (p 1 ), the component V i being the component of the instantaneous wind speed vector in a spatial direction (d 2 ) extending in the spatial plane p 1 and the component W i being the component of the average wind speed vector in a spatial direction (d 3 ) orthogonal to the plane p 1 :
[
Math
34
]
U
i
=
S
Ni
-
S
Si
2.
sin
θ
,
or
equation
34
[
Math
35
]
U
i
=
S
Ni
-
S
Si
2.
sin
θ
.
cos
(
α
2
)
,
and
/
or
equation
39
[
Math
36
]
V
i
=
S
Ei
-
S
Wi
2.
sin
γ
,
or
equation
35
[
Math
37
]
V
i
=
S
Ei
-
S
Wi
2.
sin
γ
.
cos
(
α
2
)
,
and
/
or
equation
40
[
Math
38
]
W
i
=
S
Ei
+
S
Wi
2.
cos
γ
,
or
equation
36
[
Math
39
]
W
i
=
S
Ni
+
S
Si
2.
cos
θ
,
or
equation
37
[
Math
40
]
W
i
=
S
Vi
,
equation
38
in which S Ni , S Si , S Ei , S Wi and S Vi are projections of the instantaneous wind speed vector along, respectively, a first axis (a 1 ), a second axis (a 2 ), a third axis (a 3 ), a fourth axis (a 4 ) and a fifth axis (a 5 ) merged with the direction d 3 , θ is a non-zero angle formed between the axis a 1 and a normal to the plane p 1 and between the axis a 2 and the normal to the plane p 1 and γ is a non-zero angle formed between the axis a 3 and the normal to the plane p 1 and the axis a 4 and the normal to the plane p 1 , the first and second axes a 1 and a 2 are included in a plane (p 2 ), the third and fourth axes a 3 and a 4 are included in a plane (p 3 ) and the planes p 2 and p 3 form a non-zero angle α between them,
a step J of determination of at least one average wind speed value (Vh ave ) in plane p 1 , p 2 or p 3 respectively over the reference time interval T, by projection, over the time interval T, on the basis of equations (41) to (43), of the at least two components of the instantaneous wind speed vector reconstructed in step I:
[
Math
41
]
Vh
ave
.1
=
1
N
-
1
·
∑
N
-
1
(
U
i
+
1
.
U
i
+
V
i
+
1
.
V
i
+
U
i
+
1
.
V
i
.
cos
α
+
V
i
+
1
.
U
i
.
cos
α
(
U
i
)
2
+
(
V
i
)
2
+
2.
U
i
.
V
i
.
cos
α
)
,
equation
41
[
Math
42
]
Vh
ave
.2
=
1
N
-
1
·
∑
N
-
1
(
U
i
+
1
.
U
i
+
W
i
+
1
.
W
i
(
U
i
)
2
+
(
W
i
)
2
)
,
equation
42
[
Math
43
]
Vh
ave
.3
=
1
N
-
1
·
∑
N
-
1
(
V
i
+
1
.
V
i
+
W
i
+
1
.
W
i
(
V
i
)
2
+
(
W
i
)
2
)
,
equation
43