Articles of manufacture with polyurea capsules cross-linked with chitosan
Novel articles of manufacture are described based on a combination of an adjunct material and microcapsules made by an improved process. The improved microcapsules are chitosan urea and encapsulate a benefit agent. The process comprises combining an adjunct material formed of microcapsules formed by a water phase comprising hydrolyzing chitosan in an acidic medium at a pH of 6.5 or less for an extended period and combining with a polyisocyanate. The reaction product of the hydrolyzed chitosan and polyisocyanate yields a microcapsule having improved release characteristics, with enhanced degradation characteristics in OECD test method 301B.
1 . An article of manufacture made by a process comprising combining an adjunct material and microcapsules, the microcapsules comprising a core and a shell surrounding the core, the microcapsules formed by a process comprising:
forming a water phase by hydrolyzing chitosan in an aqueous acidic medium at a pH of from 5.5 to 6.5 and a temperature of at least 40° C. for at least one hour;
forming an oil phase comprising dissolving together at least one benefit agent and at least one polyisocyanate, optionally with an added oil;
forming an emulsion by mixing under high shear agitation the water phase and the oil phase into an excess of the water phase, thereby forming droplets of the oil phase and benefit agent dispersed in the water phase;
curing the emulsion by heating to at least 40° C., for a time sufficient to form a shell at an interface of the droplets with the water phase, the shell comprising the reaction product of the polyisocyanate and hydrolyzed chitosan, and the shell surrounding the core comprising the droplets of the oil phase and benefit agent,
wherein the weight percent of chitosan in the shell is from 25 wt. % to 90 wt. %
and wherein the core is from 0.01 to 99 weight percent of the microcapsule.
2 . The article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the adjunct material is selected from the group consisting of a carrier, a binder, an adhesive, a structurant, a surfactant, and a deposition aid.
3 . The article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the article of manufacture comprises a consumer product.
4 . The article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the article of manufacture is selected from the group consisting of a soap, a surface cleaner, a laundry detergent, a fabric softener, a shampoo, a textile, a paper towel, an adhesive, a wipe, a diaper, a feminine hygiene product, a facial tissue, a pharmaceutical, a napkin, a deodorant, a heat sink, a foam, a pillow, a mattress, bedding, a cushion, a cosmetic, a medical device, packaging, an agricultural product, a cooling fluid, a wallboard, and an insulation.
5 . The article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the chitosan in the hydrolyzing step is deacetylated to at least 75%.
6 . The article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the chitosan in the hydrolyzing step is depolymerized to an average size of 95 kDa or less.
7 . The article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the shell formed is a chitosan polyurea, having a chitosan content of at least 50 wt % based on the weight of the shell.
8 . The article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the microcapsules comprises an aqueous slurry having residual hydrolyzed chitosan in the slurry.
9 . The article of manufacture according to claim 8 wherein the aqueous slurry is spray dried, forming microcapsules overcoated with a layer of residual hydrolyzed chitosan deposited onto the microcapsules from the slurry.
10 . The article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of a polyisocyanurate of toluene diisocyanate, a trimethylol propane adduct of toluene diisocyanate and a trimethylol propane adduct of xylylene diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl isocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, tetramethylxylidene diisocyanate, naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate, and phenylene diisocyanate.
11 . The article of manufacture according to claim 1 wherein the microcapsules are dried, and fracture upon drying, thereby releasing the core.
12 . An article of manufacture comprising an adjunct material and a core-shell microcapsule, the core comprising a benefit agent, the shell comprising a polyurea resin comprising the reaction product of a polyisocyanate and a chitosan,
wherein the chitosan is first hydrolyzed in an acidic medium at a pH of from 5.5 to 6.5, and a temperature of at least 40° C. for at least one hour;
wherein the weight percent of chitosan in the shell is from 25 wt. % to 90 wt. %, chitosan,
wherein the microcapsules have a free oil of from 0.043 to 7.35%,
wherein the core is from 0.01 to 99 weight percent of the microcapsule, and,
wherein the shell when measured according to test method OECD 301B has a value for percent degradability of at least 60% at 28 days.
13 . The article of manufacture according to claim 12 wherein the microcapsules rupture upon drying, releasing the benefit agent.
14 . The article of manufacture according to claim 12 , the shell comprising 1 to 15 percent by weight of the core-shell microcapsule.
15 . The article of manufacture according to claim 12 wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of a polyisocyanurate of toluene diisocyanate, a trimethylol propane adduct of toluene diisocyanate, a trimethylol propane adduct of xylylene diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl isocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, tetramethylxylidene diisocyanate, naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate, and phenylene diisocyanate.
16 . The article of manufacture according to claim 15 wherein the shell when measured according to test method OECD 301B has a value for percent degradability of at least 50% at 20 days.
17 . The article of manufacture according to claim 12 wherein the chitosan has a degree of deacetylation of at least 50%.
18 . The article of manufacture according to claim 12 wherein the core-shell microcapsule has a ratio of core to shell up to 99:1, on the basis of weight.
19 . The article of manufacture according to claim 12 wherein the benefit agent is selected from the group consisting of perfume, fragrance, agricultural active, phase change material, essential oil, lubricant, colorant, preservative, antimicrobial active, antifungal active, herbicide, antiviral active, antiseptic active, antioxidant, biological active, deodorant, emollient, humectant, exfoliant, ultraviolet absorbing agent, corrosion inhibitor, silicone oil, wax, bleach particle, fabric conditioner, malodor reducing agent, dye, optical brightener, antiperspirant active and mixture thereof.
20 . The article of manufacture according to claim 12 wherein the core-shell microcapsules have a mean particle size of from 1 to 100 microns.
21 . The article of manufacture according to claim 12 wherein the microcapsule is cationic.
22 . The article of manufacture according to claim 12 wherein the article of manufacture is selected from the group consisting of a soap, a surface cleaner, a laundry detergent, a fabric softener, a shampoo, a textile, a paper towel, an adhesive, a wipe, a diaper, a feminine hygiene product, a facial tissue, a pharmaceutical, a napkin, a deodorant, a heat sink, a foam, a pillow, a mattress, bedding, a cushion, a cosmetic, a medical device, packaging, an agricultural product, a cooling fluid, a wallboard, and an insulation.
23 . The article of manufacture according to claim 12 wherein the microcapsule has a zeta potential of at least 15 mV at a pH of 4.5.