Zoom lens and imaging apparatus
A lens system provides a zoom function (variable magnification) in a low profile camera (lens system height less than or equal to 6 mm), which may be in a cellular phone. The lens system includes at least three movable lens groups that are movable along a common optical axis. Each of the three movable lens groups is coupled to a corresponding actuator. Responsive to a request to change focal length or magnification, a controller sends a corresponding signal to each of the actuators that move the corresponding lens group by a corresponding distance in a corresponding direction. The various movable lens groups may be moved by different distances and in different directions of movement. An f-number of the lens system is less than f/3.0. Focusing of an image cast onto an image sensor is accomplished by adjusting the position along the optical axis of one of the movable lens groups.
1 . An optical system, comprising:
a light folding element configured to reflect received light onto an optical axis;
at least six lens groups, each lens group comprising one or more respective lens elements, each lens group positioned along the optical axis so as to receive and refract at least a portion of the light directed along the optical axis, the at least six lens groups comprising, in order along the optical axis:
a first lens group comprising a fixed lens having a positive refractive power and fixed in position on the optical axis;
a second lens group comprising one or more lenses and having a negative refractive power and movable along the optical axis;
a third lens group comprising one or more lenses and having a positive refractive power, wherein the third lens group is fixed in position along the optical axis;
a fourth lens group comprising one or more lenses and having positive refractive power, wherein the fourth lens group is movable along the optical axis;
a fifth lens group comprising one or more lenses and having negative refractive power, wherein the fifth lens group is movable along the optical axis; and
a sixth lens group comprising one or more lenses and having a positive refractive power, wherein the sixth lens group is fixed in location along the optical axis; and
at least three actuators, each actuator coupled with a respective one of the lens groups, each of the actuators configured to:
receive a corresponding signal indicating a corresponding direction of displacement along the optical axis for the respective lens group; and
in response to receipt of the corresponding signal, move the respective lens group along the optical axis by a corresponding displacement in the corresponding direction of displacement,
wherein an f-number of the optical system is less than f/3.0.
2 . The optical system of claim 1 , wherein a first one of the at least three actuators is configured to displace one of the lens groups in one direction along the optical axis while two others of the at least three actuators displace two others of the lens groups in an opposite direction along the optical axis.
3 . The optical system of claim 1 , wherein to decrease a focal length of the optical system, the actuators are configured to:
move a particular one of the lens groups along the optical axis in a direction away an image plane toward which the received light is directed; and
move two others of the lens groups along the optical axis in another direction that is toward the image plane.
4 . The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the light folding element comprises a mirror, or a prismatic element having a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.7.
5 . The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the optical system has a focal length C at a maximum focal length state associated with the optical system, and one of the lens groups that is closer to the light folding element along the optical axis than others of the lens groups, has a negative refractive power and a focal length B and satisfies a relationship that a ratio of the focal length B to the focal length C, (B/C), is between −0.6 and −0.1.
6 . The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the optical system has a 35 mm equivalent focal length of at least 78 millimeters and less than or equal to 130 millimeters.
7 . The optical system of claim 1 , wherein the f-number of the optical system is between f/2.3 and f/2.9.
8 . A camera, comprising:
an optical system comprising:
a light folding element configured to reflect received light onto an optical axis;
at least six lens groups, each lens group comprising one or more respective lens elements, each lens group positioned along the optical axis so as to receive and refract at least a portion of the light directed along the optical axis, the at least six lens groups comprising, in order along the optical axis:
a first lens group comprising a fixed lens having a positive refractive power and fixed in position on the optical axis;
a second lens group comprising one or more lenses and having a negative refractive power and movable along the optical axis;
a third lens group comprising one or more lenses and having a positive refractive power, wherein the third lens group is fixed in position along the optical axis;
a fourth lens group comprising one or more lenses and having positive refractive power, wherein the fourth lens group is movable along the optical axis;
a fifth lens group comprising one or more lenses and having negative refractive power, wherein the fifth lens group is movable along the optical axis; and
a sixth lens group comprising one or more lenses and having a positive refractive power, wherein the sixth lens group is fixed in location along the optical axis; and
at least three actuators, each actuator coupled with a respective one of the lens groups, each of the actuators configured to:
receive a corresponding signal indicating a corresponding direction of displacement along the optical axis for the respective lens group; and
in response to receipt of the corresponding signal, move the respective lens group along the optical axis by a corresponding displacement in the corresponding direction of displacement,
wherein an f-number of the optical system is less than f/3.0; and
an image sensor configured to sense at least a portion of the light having passed through the at least six lens groups and impinging on a surface of the image sensor.
9 . The camera of claim 8 , wherein a first one of the actuators is configured to displace one of the lens groups in one direction along the optical axis while two others of the actuators displace two others of the lens groups in an opposite direction along the optical axis.
10 . The camera of claim 8 , wherein to decrease a focal length of the optical system, the at least three actuators are configured to:
move a particular one of the lens groups along the optical axis in a direction away an image plane toward which the received light is directed; and
move two others of the lens groups along the optical axis in another direction that is toward the image plane.
11 . The camera of claim 8 , wherein to increase a focal length of the optical system, the at least three actuators are configured to:
move a particular one of the lens groups along the optical axis in a direction toward an image plane toward which the received light is directed; and
move two others of the lens groups along the optical axis in another direction that is away from the image plane.
12 . The camera of claim 8 , wherein the light folding element comprises a mirror, or a prismatic element having a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.7.
13 . The camera of claim 8 , wherein the optical system has a focal length C at a maximum focal length state associated with the optical system, and one of the lens groups that is closer to the light folding element along the optical axis than others of the lens groups, has a negative refractive power and a focal length B and satisfies a relationship that a ratio of the focal length B to the focal length C, (B/C), is between −0.6 and −0.1.
14 . The camera of claim 8 , wherein the optical system has a 35 mm equivalent focal length of at least 78 millimeters and less than or equal to 130 millimeters.
15 . The camera of claim 8 , wherein the f-number of the optical system is between f/2.3 and f/2.9.
16 . A device, comprising:
a camera, comprising:
an optical system comprising:
a light folding element configured to reflect received light onto an optical axis;
at least six lens groups, each lens group comprising one or more respective lens elements, each lens group positioned along the optical axis so as to receive and refract at least a portion of the light directed along the optical axis, the at least six lens groups comprising, in order along the optical axis:
a first lens group comprising a fixed lens having a positive refractive power and fixed in position on the optical axis;
a second lens group comprising one or more lenses and having a negative refractive power and movable along the optical axis;
a third lens group comprising one or more lenses and having a positive refractive power, wherein the third lens group is fixed in position along the optical axis;
a fourth lens group comprising one or more lenses and having positive refractive power, wherein the fourth lens group is movable along the optical axis;
a fifth lens group comprising one or more lenses and having negative refractive power, wherein the fifth lens group is movable along the optical axis; and
a sixth lens group comprising one or more lenses and having a positive refractive power, wherein the sixth lens group is fixed in location along the optical axis; and
at least three actuators, each actuator coupled with a respective one of the lens groups, each of the actuators configured to:
receive a corresponding signal indicating a corresponding direction of displacement along the optical axis for the respective lens group; and
in response to receipt of the corresponding signal, move the respective lens group along the optical axis by a corresponding displacement in the corresponding direction of displacement,
wherein an f-number of the optical system is less than f/3.0; and
an image sensor configured to sense at least a portion of the light having passed through the at least six lens groups and impinging on a surface of the image sensor; and
one or more processors and memory storing program instructions executable by the one or more processors to control one or more operations of the camera.
17 . The device of claim 16 , further comprising a controller that, responsive to a request indicating a requested focal length that is greater than a current focal length of the optical system, is configured to:
send a corresponding signal to one of the actuators, to move the respective lens group along the optical axis in a particular direction that is toward an image plane toward which the received light is directed; and
send corresponding signals to each of two others of the actuators to move respective ones of the lens groups in an opposite direction that opposite to the particular direction.
18 . The device of claim 16 , further comprising a controller that, responsive to a request indicating a requested focal length that is less than a current focal length of the optical system, is configured to:
send a corresponding signal to one of the actuators to move the respective lens group along the optical axis in a particular direction that is away from an image plane toward which the received light is directed; and
send corresponding signals to each of two others of the actuators to move respective ones of the lens groups in an opposite direction that is opposite to the particular direction.
19 . The device of claim 16 , wherein one of the lens groups comprises a lens with positive refractive power and that has an Abbe number that is greater than 60.
20 . The device of claim 16 , wherein a height of the optical system, measured on an axis perpendicular to the optical axis, is less than or equal to 6 millimeters.