100% ambient air environmental control system
An environmental control system includes a ram air circuit having a ram air duct and at least one ram heat exchanger arranged within the ram air duct, a compression device, and an expansion device. The compression device is configured to receive at least one of a first medium, a second medium, and a third medium. The environmental control system is operable in a plurality of modes including at least one normal mode and a failure mode. In the at least one normal mode, the first medium output from the compression device is exhausted into the ram air duct upstream from the at least one ram heat exchanger, and in the failure mode, only the third medium output from the compression device is exhausted into the ram air duct upstream from the at least one ram heat exchanger.
1 . An environmental control system comprising:
a ram air circuit having a ram air duct, at least one ram heat exchanger arranged within the ram air duct, and a divider arranged within the ram air duct and extending parallel to a direction of ram air flow through the ram air duct, wherein a first portion of the at least one ram heat exchanger is arranged at a first side of the divider and a second portion of the at least one ram heat exchanger is arranged at a second side of the divider;
a compression device including a compressor, a first turbine, and a second turbine operably coupled by a shaft, the compression device being configured to receive at least one of a first medium, a second medium, and a third medium, wherein an outlet of the first turbine and an outlet of the second turbine are both fluidly connected to only the second portion of the ram air duct at a location upstream from the second portion of the at least one ram heat exchanger; and
an expansion device, separate from the compression device, the expansion device including another turbine, an inlet of the another turbine being fluidly connected to an outlet of the compressor relative to a flow of the second medium.
2 . The environmental control system of claim 1 , wherein an outlet of the first turbine is fluidly connected to an exterior of the vehicle such that at least a portion of the first medium output from the first turbine is exhausted overboard.
3 . The environmental control system of claim 1 , wherein an outlet of the first turbine is fluidly connected to the ram air duct at a location downstream from the at least one ram heat exchanger.
4 . The environmental control system of claim 1 , wherein in the at least one normal mode and the failure mode, only the second medium is provided to an outlet of the environmental control system.
5 . The environmental control system of claim 1 , wherein the first medium is bleed air and the second medium is ambient air.
6 . The environmental control system of claim 1 , wherein the expansion device is a two-wheel air cycle machine.
7 . The environmental control system of claim 1 , wherein the expansion device includes a fan operably coupled to the another turbine via another shaft, the fan being arranged in fluid communication with a portion of the ram air circuit.
8 . The environmental control system of claim 1 , wherein during operation in at least one of the plurality of modes, work is extracted from both the first medium and the third medium via at least one of the first turbine and the second turbine of the compression device to drive the compressor.
9 . The environmental control system of claim 8 , wherein in the at least one normal mode, an outlet of at least one of the first turbine and the second turbine is fluidly connected to the ram air duct such that at least one of the first medium and the third medium is exhausted from the compression device into the ram air duct upstream from the at least one ram heat exchanger.
10 . The environmental control system of claim 9 , wherein in the at least one normal mode, both the first medium and the third medium are mixed at a mixing point located downstream from the compression device and upstream from the at least one ram heat exchanger.
11 . The environmental control system of claim 1 , wherein a flow of ram air is arranged in fluid communication with the first portion of the at least one ram heat exchange.
12 . The environmental control system of claim 1 , wherein the environmental control system is part of an aircraft.
13 . The environmental control system of claim 12 , wherein the aircraft further comprises a plurality of pressurized air systems, and in the at least one normal mode, the environmental control system is configured to receive the first medium from the plurality of pressurized air systems and in the failure mode, the environmental control system is configured to receive air from only one of the plurality of pressurized air systems.