Dissolvable ballast for untethered downhole tools
A method involves mixing metallic particles and a liquefied polymer to form a mixture, placing the mixture within a mold, placing a magnet in the vicinity of the mixture within the mold, thereby causing the metallic particles to position themselves in a self-assembly formation within the mixture in response to a magnetic field generated by the magnet, and solidifying the liquefied polymer, such that a polymer matrix is formed. The metallic particles are distributed and secured in the self-assembly formation throughout the polymer matrix, thereby forming a ballast for an untethered downhole tool configured to be lowered into a well formed in a subterranean formation. The polymer matrix is configured to dissolve in response to being exposed to downhole fluid within the well at specified downhole conditions.
1 . A method comprising:
mixing metallic particles and a liquefied polymer to form a mixture;
placing the mixture within a mold;
placing a magnet in the vicinity of the mixture within the mold, thereby causing the metallic particles to position themselves in a self-assembly formation within the mixture in response to a magnetic field generated by the magnet; and
solidifying the liquefied polymer, such that a polymer matrix is formed, wherein the metallic particles are distributed and secured in the self-assembly formation throughout the polymer matrix, thereby forming a ballast for an untethered downhole tool;
coupling the ballast to the untethered downhole tool; and
lowering the untethered downhole tool with the ballast into a well formed in a subterranean formation, wherein the polymer matrix is configured to dissolve in response to being exposed to downhole fluid within the well at specified downhole conditions.
2 . The method of claim 1 , comprising placing a separator between the magnet and the mixture, such that the magnet does not come into physical contact with the mixture before solidifying the liquefied polymer.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the metallic particles comprise particles of at least one of tungsten, copper, iron, steel, nickel, cobalt, iron oxide, ferrite, silicon, tantalum, molybdenum, or lead.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the metallic particles comprise ferromagnetic particles configured to provide soft magnetic properties to the ballast, and the ferromagnetic particles have a relative magnetic permeability greater than 10 and a non-zero magnetic coercivity that is less than 1 kiloamperes per meter (kA/m).
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix is water-dissolvable and comprises at least one of polylactic acid (PLA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyglycolide (PGA), starch, cellulose, lipids, collagen, or chitin.
6 . The method of claim 1 , comprising coating at least a portion of an external surface of the ballast with a coating having a thickness in a range of from about 1 micrometer (μm) to about 100 μm.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the coating comprises at least one of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), parylene, diamond, silicon nitride, or silicon carbide.