Toner
A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a toner core particle and a shell covering the toner core particle, wherein the shell comprises an organosilicon polymer, the shell encapsulates a domain of a release agent, and in cross-sectional observation of the toner particle by a transmission electron microscope, a ratio of domains of the release agent that are not in contact with the toner core particle to a total number of the observed domains of the release agent is 85% by number or more.
1 . A toner comprising a toner particle,
the toner particle comprising
a toner core particle and
a shell covering the toner core particle,
wherein
the shell comprises an organosilicon polymer,
the shell encapsulates a domain of a release agent, and
in cross-sectional observation of the toner particle by a transmission electron microscope, a ratio of domains of the release agent that are not in contact with the toner core particle to a total number of the observed domains of the release agent is 85% by number or more.
2 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the release agent is a hydrocarbon wax.
3 . The toner according to claim 2 , wherein
with depth profile analysis of the toner particle using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, a fragment ion peak corresponding to a structure represented by a formula (1) below is obtained within a range of a molecular weight of 400 to 600 in a region corresponding to the domain of the release agent:
4 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein
in cross-sectional observation of the toner particle by a transmission electron microscope, an average value of a minimum distance D from a surface of the toner particle to the domain of the release agent is 5 to 50 nm.
5 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein
in cross-sectional observation of the toner particle by a transmission electron microscope, a ratio (S2/S1×100) of a total area S2 of the domains of the release agent to an area S1 occupied by the toner core particle is 0.05 to 5.5% by area.
6 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein an area ratio of the organosilicon polymer on a surface of the toner particle is 35 to 75% by area.
7 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the organosilicon polymer is a condensation polymer of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an organosilicon compound represented by a following formula (2), an organosilicon compound represented by a following formula (3), and an organosilicon compound represented by a following formula (4):
(In the formulas (2), (3) and (4), R a and R b are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a halogen atom or an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms).
8 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the shell is the organosilicon polymer encapsulating the domains of the release agent.