Methods and systems for gray component replacement in color electrophoretic display devices
A driving method for a color electrophoretic display includes receiving an RGB input color image; mapping the RGB color image to an electrophoretic destination space defined by an electrophoretic color gamut to generate a color destination space image; dithering the color destination space image to generate a dithered color image; identifying neutral portions of the dithered color image; converting the RGB color image to a black and white image; mapping the black and white image to a black and white electrophoretic destination space to generate a black and white destination space image; dithering the black and white destination space image to generate a dithered black and white image; merging the dithered color image and the dithered black and white image by replacing neutral portions of the dithered color image with corresponding portions of the dithered black and white image to generate a merged color image; and displaying the merged image.
1 . A method of driving a color electrophoretic display, comprising:
(a) receiving a red-green-blue (RGB) input color image;
(b) mapping the RGB input color image to an electrophoretic destination space defined by an electrophoretic color gamut to generate a color destination space image;
(c) dithering the color destination space image to generate a dithered color image;
(d) identifying neutral portions of the dithered color image;
(e) converting the RGB input color image to a black and white image;
(f) mapping the black and white image to a black and white electrophoretic destination space to generate a black and white destination space image;
(g) dithering the black and white destination space image to generate a dithered black and white image;
(h) merging the dithered color image and the dithered black and white image by replacing the neutral portions of the dithered color image with corresponding portions of the dithered black and white image to generate a merged color image; and
(i) displaying the merged color image on the electrophoretic display.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the black and white electrophoretic destination space is defined by black, white, and a plurality of gray colors.
3 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing sigmoidal contrast enhancement of the black and white destination space image in step (f) to compensate for reduced dynamic range.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the color destination space image and the black and white destination space image are dithered using a threshold mask or a dither mask.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the RGB input color image is converted to the black and white image in step (e) using weighted additions of red, green, and blue channels of the RGB input color image.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying the neutral portions of the dithered color image comprises calculating a degree of neutrality for each pixel in the dithered color image and determining whether the degree of neutrality for each pixel meets a given threshold.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the degree of neutrality for each pixel in the dithered color image is calculated using an RGB ratio method, a neighborhood RGB ratio method, or a uniform color space chroma method.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the RGB ratio method comprises calculating an RGB ratio metric value for each pixel of the color image, and comparing the RGB ratio metric value to a threshold to identify neutral portions of the color image.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the color electrophoretic display comprises a light-transmissive electrode, an active matrix of pixel electrodes, and an electrophoretic medium comprising multiple types of electrophoretic particles having different optical properties, the electrophoretic medium being disposed between the light-transmissive electrode and the active matrix of pixel electrodes, the electrophoretic display being capable of producing a plurality of primary colors at each pixel electrode.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the color electrophoretic display includes:
a processor;
a controller coupled to the processor, and configured to provide pixel color instructions to the electrophoretic display;
a non-transitory memory coupled to the processor having a program stored therein executable by the processor for controlling operation of the electrophoretic display including performing steps (a) to (i).
11 . A color display, comprising:
an electrophoretic display comprising a light-transmissive electrode, an active matrix of pixel electrodes, and an electrophoretic medium comprising multiple types of electrophoretic particles having different optical properties, the electrophoretic medium being disposed between the light-transmissive electrode and the active matrix of pixel electrodes, the electrophoretic display being capable of producing a plurality of primary colors at each pixel electrode;
a processor;
a controller coupled to the processor, and configured to provide electrophoretic display pixel color instructions to the active matrix of pixel electrodes;
a non-transitory memory coupled to the processor having a program stored therein containing a plurality of instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
(a) receive a red-green-blue (RGB) input color image;
(b) map the RGB input color image to an electrophoretic destination space defined by an electrophoretic color gamut to generate a color destination space image;
(c) dither the color destination space image to generate a dithered color image;
(d) identify neutral portions of the dithered color image;
(e) convert the RGB input color image to a black and white image;
(f) map the black and white image to a black and white electrophoretic destination space to generate a black and white destination space image;
(g) dither the black and white destination space image to generate a dithered black and white image;
(h) merge the dithered color image and the dithered black and white image by replacing the neutral portions of the dithered color image with corresponding portions of the dithered black and white image to generate a merged color image; and
(i) instruct the controller to cause the electrophoretic medium to display the merged color image.
12 . The color display of claim 11 , wherein the black and white electrophoretic destination space is defined by black, white, and a plurality of gray colors.
13 . The color display of claim 11 , wherein the program further comprises instructions for performing sigmoidal contrast enhancement of the black and white destination space image in step (f) to compensate for reduced dynamic range.
14 . The color display of claim 11 , wherein the color destination space image and the black and white destination space image are dithered using a threshold mask or a dither mask.
15 . The color display of claim 11 , wherein the RGB input color image is converted to the black and white image in step (e) using weighted additions of red, green, and blue channels of the RGB input color image.
16 . The color display of claim 11 , wherein the neutral portions of the dithered color image are identified by calculating a degree of neutrality for each pixel in the dithered color image and determining whether the degree of neutrality for each pixel meets a given threshold.
17 . The color display of claim 16 , wherein the degree of neutrality for each pixel in the dithered color image is calculated using an RGB ratio method, a neighborhood RGB ratio method, or a uniform color space chroma method.
18 . The color display of claim 17 , wherein the RGB ratio method comprises calculating an RGB ratio metric value for each pixel of the color image, and comparing the RGB ratio metric values to a threshold to identify neutral portions of the color image.
19 . The color display of claim 11 , wherein the electrophoretic medium includes at least four types of electrophoretic particles and is capable of producing eight primary colors at each pixel electrode.