Granted Patent B2

US 12,609,785 · App. 18/649,242 · Granted Apr 21, 2026

Inventor: Rethnakaran Pulikkoonattu (San Diego, CA)

Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte. Limited

H04L1/0058H04L1/0041H04L1/0068

Abstract

Claims (81)

1 . A method, comprising:

identifying, by a low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoder of a first device, a target code rate for which to encode data;

receiving, by the LDPC encoder of the first device, a first set of information bits;

receiving, by the LDPC encoder of the first device from an output of a shaping encoder, a second set of information bits;

adjusting, by one or more processors of the first device, a code rate of an LDPC code to a second code rate higher than the target code rate to cause the LDPC encoder to encode the data at the target code rate;

puncturing one or more bits from an output of the LDPC encoder to generate a punctured output of the LDPC encoder;

encoding, by the one or more processors of the first device, the data using the LDPC code and the punctured output of the LDPC encoder; and

transmitting, by the one or more processors of the first device, the encoded data.

2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

adjusting the number of bits in the first set and the number of bits in the second set to encode the data at the target code rate.

3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the target rate is 5/6, the second code rate is 7/8, and the number of bits in the first set is 81.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first set of information bits are not output from the shaping encoder.

5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

providing an output of the shaping encoder and the punctured output of the LDPC encoder to a symbol mapper.

6 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

applying, by the shaping encoder, a shaping code to the data wherein the shaping code represents a code for probabilistic constellation shaping.

7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the shaping code comprises:

one or more first mappings from a 4-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/16;

one or more second mappings from a 5-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/32;

one or more third mappings from a 6-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/64;

one or more fourth mappings from a 7-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/128; and

one or more fifth mappings from a 8-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/256.

8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein

the one or more first mappings comprise ([0000], [01111]), ([0001], [01110]), ([0010], [01100]), ([0011], [01101]), ([0100], [01001]), ([0101], [01000]), ([0110], [01010]), and ([0111], [01011]),

the one or more second mappings comprise ([10000], [00011]), ([10001], [00010]), ([10010], [00000]), ([10011], [00001]), ([10100], [00101]), ([10101], [00100]), ([10110], [00110]), ([10111], [00111]), ([11000], [10111]), and ([11001], [10110]),

the one or more third mappings comprise ([110100], [10100]), ([110101], [10101]), ([110110], [10001]), ([110111], [10000]), ([111000], [10010]), ([111001], [10011]), ([111010], [11011]), ([111011], [11010]), ([111100], [11000]), ([111101], [11001]), and ([111110], [11101]),

the one or more fourth mappings comprise ([1111110], [11100]), and

the one or more fifth mappings comprise ([11111110], [11110]) and ([11111111], [11111]).

9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

receiving, by a second device from the first device, the encoded data; and

receiving, by a low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder of the second device from the encoded data based on the shaping code, log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values corresponding to the encoded data;

decoding, by the LDPC decoder of the second device, the LLR values using an LDPC code; and

applying, by a shaping decoder of the second device, the shaping code to the decoded LLR values to obtain decoded data corresponding to the encoded data.

10 . An apparatus comprising:

a transmitter and one or more processors, wherein

the one or more processors are configured to:

identify, by a low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoder, a target code rate for which to encode data;

receive, by the LDPC encoder, a first set of information bits;

receive, by the LDPC encoder from an output of a shaping encoder, a second set of information bits;

adjust a code rate of an LDPC code to a second code rate higher than the target code rate to cause the LDPC encoder to encode the data at the target code rate;

puncture one or more bits from an output of the LDPC encoder to generate a punctured output of the LDPC encoder; and

encode the data using the LDPC code and the punctured output of the LDPC encoder, and

the transmitter is configured to transmit the encoded data.

11 . The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:

adjust the number of bits in the first set and the number of bits in the second set to encode the data at the target code rate.

12 . The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the target rate is 5/6, the second code rate is 7/8, and the number of bits in the first set is 81.

13 . The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the first set of information bits are not output from the shaping encoder.

14 . The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:

provide an output of the shaping encoder and the punctured output of the LDPC encoder to a symbol mapper.

15 . The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:

apply, by the shaping encoder, a shaping code to the data wherein the shaping code represents a code for probabilistic constellation shaping.

16 . The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the shaping code comprises:

one or more first mappings from a 4-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/16;

one or more second mappings from a 5-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/32;

one or more third mappings from a 6-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/64;

one or more fourth mappings from a 7-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/128; and

one or more fifth mappings from a 8-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/256.

17 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein

the one or more first mappings comprise ([0000], [01111]), ([0001], [01110]), ([0010], [01100]), ([0011], [01101]), ([0100], [01001]), ([0101], [01000]), ([0110], [01010]), and ([0111], [01011]),

the one or more second mappings comprise ([10000], [00011]), ([10001], [00010]), ([10010], [00000]), ([10011], [00001]), ([10100], [00101]), ([10101], [00100]), ([10110], [00110]), ([10111], [00111]), ([11000], [10111]), and ([11001], [10110]),

the one or more third mappings comprise ([110100], [10100]), ([110101], [10101]), ([110110], [10001]), ([110111], [10000]), ([111000], [10010]), ([111001], [10011]), ([111010], [11011]), ([111011], [11010]), ([111100], [11000]), ([111101], [11001]), and ([111110], [11101]),

the one or more fourth mappings comprise ([1111110], [11100]), and

the one or more fifth mappings comprise ([11111110], [11110]) and ([11111111], [11111]).

18 . An apparatus comprising:

a receiver configured to receive encoded data, wherein the encoded data is encoded by puncturing one or more bits from an output of a low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoder to generate a punctured output of the LDPC encoder, and encoding data using the LDPC code and the punctured output of the LDPC encoder; and

one or more processors configured to:

receive, by an LDPC decoder from the encoded data based on a shaping code, log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values corresponding to the encoded data;

decode, by the LDPC decoder, the LLR values using an LDPC code; and

apply, by a shaping decoder, the shaping code to the decoded LLR values to obtain decoded data corresponding to the encoded data.

19 . The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the shaping code comprises:

one or more first mappings from a 4-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/16;

one or more second mappings from a 5-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/32;

one or more third mappings from a 6-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/64;

one or more fourth mappings from a 7-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/128; and

one or more fifth mappings from a 8-bit string to a 5-bit string with a probability of 1/256.

20 . The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein

the one or more first mappings comprise ([0000], [01111]), ([0001], [01110]), ([0010], [01100]), ([0011], [01101]), ([0100], [01001]), ([0101], [01000]), ([0110], [01010]), and ([0111], [01011]),

the one or more second mappings comprise ([10000], [00011]), ([10001], [00010]), ([10010], [00000]), ([10011], [00001]), ([10100], [00101]), ([10101], [00100]), ([10110], [00110]), ([10111], [00111]), ([11000], [10111]), and ([11001], [10110]),

the one or more third mappings comprise ([110100], [10100]), ([110101], [10101]), ([110110], [10001]), ([110111], [10000]), ([111000], [10010]), ([111001], [10011]), ([111010], [11011]), ([111011], [11010]), ([111100], [11000]), ([111101], [11001]), and ([111110], [11101]),

the one or more fourth mappings comprise ([1111110], [11100]), and

the one or more fifth mappings comprise ([11111110], [11110]) and ([11111111], [11111]).

Assignments (1)

Continuity (2)

References Cited (16)