Hardware-efficient neutral atom quantum computing method and device
A method for quantum computing using neutral atoms in an array of optical traps, wherein a first internal state serves as qubit ground state |o>, and a second internal state serves as qubit excited state |1>, includes performing a local single-qubit gate operation comprising: locally and selectively illuminating a qubit prepared in a superposition state |s> of qubit ground state |0> and qubit excited state |1> with a qubit addressing laser at a first qubit addressing laser frequency to cause a differential Stark shift for the qubit ground state |0> and the qubit excited state |1>. The method also includes performing a local two-qubit gate operation comprising: locally and selectively illuminating a pair of qubits prepared in the qubit ground state |0> with the qubit addressing laser at a second qubit addressing laser frequency for coupling the pair of qubits to a Rydberg state |r>.
1 . A method for quantum computing using a plurality of neutral atoms in an array of optical traps, wherein a first internal state of the neutral atoms serves as qubit ground state |o>, and a second internal state serves as qubit excited state |1>, the method comprising:
performing a local single-qubit gate operation on a qubit comprising:
locally and selectively illuminating the qubit prepared in a superposition state |s> of qubit ground state |0> and qubit excited state |1> with a qubit addressing laser at a first qubit addressing laser frequency to cause a differential Stark shift for the qubit ground state |0> and the qubit excited state |1>; and
performing a local two-qubit gate operation on a pair of qubits comprising:
locally and selectively illuminating the pair of qubits prepared in the qubit ground state |0> with the qubit addressing laser at a second qubit addressing laser frequency for coupling the pair of qubits to a Rydberg state |r> of the neutral atoms,
wherein the pair of qubits are coupled to the Rydberg state |r>of the neutral atoms via a third internal state |c> of the neutral atoms that serves as an intermediate state of a two-photon transition from the qubit ground state |0> to the Rydberg state |r>.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
performing, using the qubit addressing laser, sideband cooling during a qubit initialization sequence and/or during a qubit readout sequence, comprising:
globally illuminating the array of optical traps with the qubit addressing laser at a third qubit addressing laser frequency, or
locally and selectively illuminating a qubit with the qubit addressing laser at the third qubit addressing laser frequency.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first internal state is an electronic ground state of the neutral atoms, and the second internal state is a metastable, long lived excited state of the neutral atoms.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
performing the local single qubit gate operation further comprises globally illuminating the array of optical traps with a first qubit state transition laser pulse to transfer qubits prepared in the qubit ground state |0> to a superposition state |s> of qubit ground state |0> and qubit excited state |1>, and globally illuminating the array of optical traps with a second qubit state transition laser pulse to transfer qubits prepared in the superposition state |s> to the qubit ground state |0>; and/or
performing the local two-qubit gate operation further comprises globally illuminating the array of optical traps with a Rydberg laser pulse to transfer the one or more pairs of qubits to the Rydberg state |r> of the neutral atoms, or to a superposition of the Rydberg state |r> and the third internal state |c> of the neutral atoms that serves as the intermediate state of the two-photon transition from the qubit ground state |0> to the Rydberg state |r>.
5 . The method of claim 4 , further comprising locally and selectively illuminating the one or more pairs of qubits with the qubit addressing laser at a fourth qubit addressing laser frequency or at the first qubit addressing laser frequency to cause a differential AC Stark shift for the third internal state |c> and the Rydberg state |r>.
6 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating a magnetic field at a location of the array of optical traps that defines an angular momentum quantization axis for the neutral atoms and causes a perturbative admixture of a dipole-allowed state to the qubit excited state.
7 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the sideband cooling is performed during the qubit readout sequence, which comprises performing the sideband cooling while globally illuminating the array of optical traps with an imaging laser, and imaging the qubits using fluorescence induced by the imaging laser.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein performing the qubit readout sequence further comprises selectively and locally illuminating one or more qubits with a qubit addressing laser pulse at the second qubit addressing laser frequency to transfer the one or more qubits to the third internal state |c> prior to imaging the qubits with the imaging laser.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the array of optical traps comprises a trap frequency ω that is essentially the same for all qubits; and
performing the local single qubit gate operation comprises illuminating the array of optical traps with a single qubit state transition laser pulse or with two consecutive qubit state transition laser pulses having an effective pulse duration that equals
ω
Ω
=
2
n
+
1
,
n
∈
ℕ
,
where Ω is a Rabi frequency associated with the qubit state transition laser and qubit ground state |0> to qubit excited state |1> transition.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the neutral atoms comprise bosonic 88 Sr atoms;
the qubit addressing laser has a design wavelength of 689.4 nm, the Rydberg laser has a design wavelength of 318.5 nm, and the qubit state transition laser has a design wavelength of 698.4 nm; and/or
the method further comprises:
shifting the laser frequency of the qubit addressing laser to the first qubit addressing laser frequency;
shifting the laser frequency of the qubit addressing laser to the second qubit addressing laser frequency; and
shifting the laser frequency of the qubit addressing laser to a third qubit addressing laser frequency.
11 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
performing the single-qubit and two-qubit gate operations multiple times, and periodically driving the qubit addressing laser to generate a first laser pulse train with a constant inter-pulse duration for performing the single-qubit and two-qubit gate operations multiple times; and/or
periodically driving the qubit addressing laser to generate a second laser pulse train with a constant inter-pulse duration, and controlling a spacing between the first laser pulse train and the second laser pulse train.
12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising synchronizing the periodic driving of the qubit addressing laser with a characteristic frequency of an external noise source affecting qubit gate fidelity.
13 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
obtaining single-qubit and two-qubit gate operation instructions of a quantum computing protocol; and
controlling operation of the qubit addressing laser to locally and selectively illuminate a plurality of qubits and a plurality of pairs of qubits to perform the single and two-qubit gate operations according to the obtained qubit gate operation instructions.
14 . A neutral atom quantum computing device comprising means for performing the steps of the method according to claim 1 .
15 . A tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium containing a computer program comprising instructions for causing a processor to generate control signals to control a neutral atom quantum computing device to perform the steps of the method of claim 1 .
16 . A method for quantum computing using a plurality of neutral atoms in an array of optical traps, wherein a first internal state of the neutral atoms serves as qubit ground state |o>, and a second internal state serves as qubit excited state |1>, the method comprising:
performing a local single-qubit gate operation on a qubit comprising:
locally and selectively illuminating the qubit prepared in a superposition state |s> of qubit ground state |0> and qubit excited state |1> with a qubit addressing laser at a first qubit addressing laser frequency to cause a differential Stark shift for the qubit ground state |0> and the qubit excited state |1>; and
performing a local two-qubit gate operation on a pair of qubits comprising:
locally and selectively illuminating the pair of qubits prepared in the qubit ground state |0> with the qubit addressing laser at a second qubit addressing laser frequency for coupling the pair of qubits to a Rydberg state |r> of the neutral atoms, wherein:
the array of optical traps comprises a trap frequency ω that is essentially the same for all qubits; and
performing the local single qubit gate operation comprises illuminating the array of optical traps with a single qubit state transition laser pulse or with two consecutive qubit state transition laser pulses having an effective pulse duration that equals
ω
Ω
=
2
n
+
1
,
n
∈
ℕ
,
where Ω is a Rabi frequency associated with the qubit state transition laser and qubit ground state |0> to qubit excited state |1> transition.
17 . A method for quantum computing using a plurality of neutral atoms in an array of optical traps, wherein a first internal state of the neutral atoms serves as qubit ground state |o>, and a second internal state serves as qubit excited state |1>, the method comprising:
performing a local single-qubit gate operation on a qubit comprising:
locally and selectively illuminating the qubit prepared in a superposition state |s> of qubit ground state |0> and qubit excited state |1> with a qubit addressing laser at a first qubit addressing laser frequency to cause a differential Stark shift for the qubit ground state |0> and the qubit excited state |1>; and
performing a local two-qubit gate operation on a pair of qubits comprising:
locally and selectively illuminating the pair of qubits prepared in the qubit ground state |0> with the qubit addressing laser at a second qubit addressing laser frequency for coupling the pair of qubits to a Rydberg state |r> of the neutral atoms, wherein:
the neutral atoms comprise bosonic 88 Sr atoms;
the qubit addressing laser has a design wavelength of 689.4 nm, the Rydberg laser has a design wavelength of 318.5 nm, and the qubit state transition laser has a design wavelength of 698.4 nm; and/or
the method further comprises:
shifting the laser frequency of the qubit addressing laser to the first qubit addressing laser frequency;
shifting the laser frequency of the qubit addressing laser to the second qubit addressing laser frequency; and
shifting the laser frequency of the qubit addressing laser to a third qubit addressing laser frequency.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the neutral atoms comprise bosonic 88 Sr atoms.
19 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the method further comprises:
shifting the laser frequency of the qubit addressing laser to the first qubit addressing laser frequency;
shifting the laser frequency of the qubit addressing laser to the second qubit addressing laser frequency; and
shifting the laser frequency of the qubit addressing laser to a third qubit addressing laser frequency.
20 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the sideband cooling is performed during the qubit initialization sequence, which comprises loading the plurality of neutral atoms into the array of optical traps, and performing the sideband cooling to transfer the neutral atoms into motional ground states of the array of optical traps.