Granted Patent B1

US 12,619,898 · App. 17/934,105 · Granted May 5, 2026

Inventors: Constantin Gonciulea (Summit, NJ); Vanio Markov (New York, NY); Charlee Alexandra Stefanski (New York, NY); Abhijit Bhima Rao (San Francisco, CA)

Assignee: Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

G06N10/40

Abstract

Claims (73)

1 . A method for preparation of a quantum state encoding an approximate normal distribution (QSEAND) in a set of qubits, the method comprising:

initializing, via state initialization circuitry, the set of qubits by preparing the set of qubits in an initial quantum state;

encoding, via state preparation circuitry, the approximate normal distribution in the quantum state of the set of qubits, wherein encoding the approximate normal distribution causes the set of qubits to be in the QSEAND, and wherein encoding the approximate normal distribution comprises:

preparing, via the state preparation circuitry, the set of qubits to be in a quantum state representing a plurality of Fourier coefficients, and

applying, via the state preparation circuitry, an inverse quantum Fourier transform to the set of qubits in the quantum state representing the plurality of Fourier coefficients to obtain the QSEAND; and

utilizing, via state transformation circuitry, the QSEAND, wherein the utilization alters or transfers the QSEAND.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the quantum state representing the plurality of Fourier coefficients represents three Fourier coefficients or five Fourier coefficients.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein utilizing the QSEAND comprises:

measuring the QSEAND;

storing information from the QSEAND;

further transforming the QSEAND with a quantum circuit; or

a combination thereof.

4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

before encoding the approximate normal distribution: transpiling, via transpilation circuitry, a quantum circuit to obtain a transpiled quantum circuit,

wherein encoding the approximate normal distribution in the quantum state of the set of qubits uses the transpiled quantum circuit.

5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

acquiring, via communications hardware, user input providing attributes of the approximate normal distribution;

wherein encoding the approximate normal distribution in the quantum state of the set of qubits proceeds according to the attributes of the approximate normal distribution from the user input.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein utilizing the QSEAND comprises:

initializing, via the state initialization circuitry, a second set of qubits;

entangling, via the state transformation circuitry, the set of qubits with the second set of qubits using a transformation derived from a payoff function of a financial product;

applying a first transformation H, via the state transformation circuitry, to the set of qubits, wherein the first transformation H results in the set of qubits being in superposition;

applying a second transformation U, via the state transformation circuitry, to the second set of qubits, wherein the Hermitian conjugate of U encodes a linear distribution function; and

measuring, via the state transformation circuitry, a quantum state of the set of qubits and the second set of qubits to evaluate a price for the financial product.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the QSEAND models a feature of a dataset used to build a linear classifier, wherein the distribution of the feature of the dataset lies within a pre-defined tolerance of values of the normal distribution.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein values of the approximate normal distribution lie within a pre-defined tolerance of values of the normal distribution.

9 . An apparatus for preparing a QSEAND in a set of qubits, the apparatus comprising:

state initialization circuitry configured to:

initialize the set of qubits by preparing the set of qubits in an initial quantum state;

state preparation circuitry configured to:

encode an approximate normal distribution in the quantum state of the set of qubits, wherein encoding the approximate normal distribution causes the set of qubits to be in the QSEAND, and wherein encoding the approximate normal distribution comprises:

preparing, via the state preparation circuitry, the set of qubits to be in a quantum state representing a plurality of Fourier coefficients, and

applying, via the state preparation circuitry, an inverse quantum Fourier transform to the set of qubits in the quantum state representing the plurality of Fourier coefficients to obtain the QSEAND; and

state transformation circuitry configured to:

utilize the QSEAND, wherein the utilization alters or transfers the QSEAND.

10 . The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the quantum state representing the plurality of Fourier coefficients represents three Fourier coefficients or five Fourier coefficients.

11 . The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein utilizing the QSEAND comprises:

measuring the QSEAND;

storing information from the QSEAND;

further transforming the QSEAND with a quantum circuit; or

a combination thereof.

12 . The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising:

transpilation circuitry configured to:

before encoding the approximate normal distribution: transpile a quantum circuit to obtain a transpiled quantum circuit,

wherein the state transformation circuitry is further configured such that encoding the approximate normal distribution in the quantum state of the set of qubits uses the transpiled quantum circuit.

13 . The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising:

communications hardware configured to:

acquire user input providing attributes of the approximate normal distribution,

wherein encoding the approximate normal distribution in the quantum state of the set of qubits proceeds according to the attributes of the approximate normal distribution from the user input.

14 . The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein utilizing the QSEAND comprises:

initializing a second set of qubits;

entangling the set of qubits with the second set of qubits using a transformation derived from a payoff function of a financial product;

applying a first transformation H to the set of qubits; wherein the first transformation H creates a superposition quantum state in the set of qubits;

applying a second transformation U to the second set of qubits, wherein the Hermitian conjugate of U encodes a linear distribution function; and

measuring a quantum state of the set of qubits and second set of qubits to evaluate a price for the financial product.

15 . The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the QSEAND models a feature of a dataset used to build a linear classifier, wherein the distribution of the feature of the dataset lies within a pre-defined tolerance of values of the normal distribution.

16 . The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein values of the approximate normal distribution lie within a pre-defined tolerance of values of the normal distribution.

17 . A computer program product for preparing a QSEAND in a set of qubits, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing software instructions that, when executed, cause an apparatus to:

initialize the set of qubits by preparing the set of qubits in an initial quantum state;

encode an approximate normal distribution in the quantum state of the set of qubits, wherein encoding the approximate normal distribution causes the set of qubits to be in the QSEAND, and wherein encoding the approximate normal distribution comprises:

preparing the set of qubits to be in a quantum state representing a plurality of Fourier coefficients, and

applying an inverse quantum Fourier transform to the set of qubits in the quantum state representing the plurality of Fourier coefficients to obtain the QSEAND; and

utilize the QSEAND, wherein the utilization alters or transfers the QSEAND.

18 . The computer program product of claim 17 , wherein values of the approximate normal distribution lie within a pre-defined tolerance of values of the normal distribution.

19 . The computer program product of claim 17 , wherein the software instructions, when executed, further cause the apparatus to:

before encoding the approximate normal distribution: transpiling a quantum circuit to obtain a transpiled quantum circuit,

wherein encoding the approximate normal distribution in the quantum state of the set of qubits uses the transpiled quantum circuit.

20 . The computer program product of claim 17 , wherein utilizing the QSEAND comprises:

initializing a second set of qubits;

entangling the set of qubits with the second set of qubits using a transformation derived from a payoff function of a financial product;

applying a first transformation H to the set of qubits, wherein the first state preparation transformation H creates a superposition quantum state in the set of qubits;

applying a second transformation U to the second set of qubits, wherein the Hermitian conjugate of U encodes a linear distribution function; and

measuring a quantum state of the set of qubits and the second set of qubits to evaluate a price for the financial product.

Assignments (1)

References Cited (44)