Devices, systems, and methods for facilitating tissue delivery of drug
Devices and methods are provided for administering a drug to a biological tissue in a patient, such as by intracellular and/or dermal delivery. The device includes a piezoelectric pulse generator; and an array of microneedle electrodes electrically coupled to the piezoelectric pulse generator, wherein the device, following insertion of the microneedle electrodes into the biological tissue, is configured to generate and deliver one or more electrical pulses through the microneedle electrodes effective to electroporate cells in the biological tissue and enable delivery of a drug into the electroporated cells.
1 . A device for use in administering a drug into or across a biological tissue in a patient, comprising:
a piezoelectric pulse generator; and
an array of microneedle electrodes electrically coupled to the piezoelectric pulse generator,
wherein the device, following insertion of the microneedle electrodes into the biological tissue, is configured to generate and deliver one or more electrical pulses through the microneedle electrodes effective to electroporate cells in the biological tissue and enable delivery of a drug into the electroporated cells, and
wherein the piezoelectric pulse generator comprises:
a piezoelectric crystal;
a mechanism configured to strike a surface of the piezoelectric crystal effective to generate the one or more electrical pulses; and
electrical connections configured to conduct the one or more electrical pulses to the microneedle electrodes.
2 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising (i) a base from which the array of microneedle electrodes extend, and (ii) a housing which is connected to the base and contains the piezoelectric pulse generator.
3 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the device further comprises the drug and is configured to release the drug to the biological tissue.
4 . The device of claim 3 , wherein the drug is coated onto the microneedle electrodes.
5 . The device of claim 3 , wherein:
the drug is stored in one or more reservoirs in the device,
at least a portion of the microneedle electrodes each includes a hollow bore or a groove on its surface, and
the device includes one or more conduits which are in fluid communication with the one or more reservoirs and the hollow bores or grooves of the microneedle electrodes for passage of the drug.
6 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the drug is in the form of particles that contain the drug.
7 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the microneedle electrodes extend from one or more metal plates which are configured to conduct the electrical pulses from the piezoelectric pulse generator to the microneedle electrodes.
8 . The device of claim 7 , wherein a linear array of the microneedle electrodes extends from one edge of each of the metal plates.
9 . The device of claim 7 , wherein the one or more metal plates are two or more plates which are parallel to each other and spaced apart from one another.
10 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the microneedle electrodes extend from a single metal plate, and the array is a two-dimensional array.
11 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the microneedle electrodes extend from at least one non-electrically conductive plate and wherein electrical connections are provided between the microneedle electrodes and configured to conduct the one or more electrical pulses from the piezoelectric pulse generator to the microneedle electrodes.
12 . The device of claim 11 , wherein the electrical connections are located on a surface of the at least one non-electrically conductive plate.
13 . The device of claim 11 , wherein the electrical connections cross from a first side of the at least one non-electrically conductive plate to an opposed second side of the plate through holes in the at least one non-electrically conductive plate.
14 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the microneedle electrodes each comprise a non-electrically conductive core and a conductive electrode material the covers at least part of a surface of the microneedle core.
15 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the mechanism of the piezoelectric pulse generator comprises
a spring-latch hammer.
16 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric crystal comprises lead zirconate titanate (PZT), silicon nitride, barium titanate, quartz, zinc oxide, or sodium tungstate.
17 . The device of claim 15 , further comprising (i) a toggle switch with a wedge controlling latch configured to release a hammer driven by decompression of a spring, and (ii) a metal pin disposed between the hammer and the piezoelectric crystal.
18 . The device of claim 1 , further comprises a casing for the piezoelectric crystal, wherein the electrical connections consist of a lower electrode and a side electrode, which extends from the casing.
19 . The device of claim 18 , further comprising a cartridge that contains the array of microneedle electrodes and includes a first receptacle for mating engagement with the lower electrode and a second receptacle for mating engagement with the side electrode, the first and second receptacles being in electrical communication with the microneedle electrodes.
20 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the array of microneedle electrodes is configured to be replaceable and disposable, and the piezoelectric pulse generator is configured to be reusable with a series of said arrays.
21 . The device of claim 1 , which is configured to produce one or more electrical pulses that have a peak voltage absolute value between 10 V and 10,000 V, between 50 V and 5,000 V, between 100 V and 1,000 V, or between 200 V and 500 V.
22 . The device of claim 1 , which is configured to produce one or more electrical pulses that have a ratio of absolute value of peak voltage to absolute value of peak-to-peak voltage between 0.1 and 10, between 0.3 and 5, or between 0.5 and 2.
23 . The device of claim 1 , which is configured to produce one or more electrical pulses that have a peak current absolute value between 1 A and 1,000 A, between 5 A and 500 A, between 10 A and 100 A, or between 20 A and 50 A.
24 . The device of claim 1 , which is configured to produce one or more electrical pulses that have a peak static voltage absolute value between 100 V and 35,000 V, between 1,000 V and 30,000 V, or between 15,000 V and 27,500 V.
25 . The device of claim 1 , which is configured to produce a nominal electric field strength between 100 V/cm and 30,000 V/cm, between 200 V/cm and 10,000 V/cm, between 300 V/cm and 5,000 V/cm, or between 500 V/cm and 3,500 V/cm.
26 . The device of claim 1 , which is configured to produce one or more electrical pulses that have an initial pulse length between 1 us and 1,000 us, between 3 us and 100 us, between 5 us and 50 us, or between 10 us and 30 us.
27 . The device of claim 1 , which is configured to produce one or more electrical pulses that have a ratio of initial pulse length to total pulse length between 1.5 and 100, between 2 and 50, or between 3 and 20.
28 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the microneedle electrodes have a spacing in the array between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, between 0.2 mm and 5 mm, between 0.3 mm and 2 mm, or between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm.
29 . A method of delivering a drug into or across a biological tissue, the method comprising:
positioning the device of claim 1 adjacent to a target tissue site in a biological tissue;
inserting the microneedle electrodes into the target tissue site; and
activating the device to deliver the one or more electrical pulses through the microneedle electrodes and into the target tissue site effective to electroporate cells at the target tissue site;
and delivering the drug into tissues of the target tissue site.
30 . The device of claim 6 , wherein the particles that contain the drug are drug-loaded lipid nanoparticles or drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles.