Stratified nitrogen enriched air (NEA) strategies and methods to reduce NOx emissions from engines
A method for injecting nitrogen into an internal combustion engine cylinder includes moving a piston back and forth in a cylinder and injecting pure nitrogen into a combustion chamber during the compression stroke. The method includes injecting the fuel and nitrogen into different regions to create a stratified gas environment, igniting the fuel, and releasing exhaust emissions. An engine system for injecting nitrogen into an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder, a first intake line, one or more nitrogen injectors, and a fuel injector. An engine system for injecting nitrogen into an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder, an intake line, and a multi-nozzle injector with a fuel nozzle and a nitrogen nozzle.
1 . A method for injecting nitrogen into an internal combustion engine cylinder, comprising:
moving a piston axially back and forth in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine between a top dead center position and a bottom dead center position in a cycle, the cycle comprising:
an intake stroke;
a compression stroke;
a combustion stroke; and
an exhaust stroke;
injecting pure nitrogen into a combustion chamber of the cylinder before the piston reaches top dead center during the compression stroke;
injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of the cylinder;
wherein the pure nitrogen and the fuel are injected into different regions of the combustion chamber to create a stratified gas environment with a high nitrogen concentration region and a low nitrogen concentration region within the combustion chamber;
igniting the fuel in the stratified gas environment; and
releasing an amount of exhaust emissions from combustion of the fuel during the exhaust stroke.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pure nitrogen injecting uses one or more nitrogen injectors.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more nitrogen injectors are located on a top of the cylinder, a side of the cylinder, or combinations thereof.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pure nitrogen is injected from a top of the cylinder into a bowl region on a head of the piston to provide the stratified gas environment with a higher concentration of nitrogen in the bowl region relative to remaining regions in the combustion chamber.
5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the higher concentration of nitrogen is concentrated in the bowl region by injecting the pure nitrogen with a spray angle ranging from 90 to 120 degrees and at a nitrogen injection timing ranging from 10 to 20 crank angle degrees before a fuel injection timing for injecting the fuel.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pure nitrogen is injected from a top of the cylinder into the combustion chamber with a spray angle ranging from 160 to 180 degrees at a nitrogen injection timing ranging from 10 to 20 crank angle degrees before a fuel injection timing for injecting the fuel to provide the stratified gas environment with a higher concentration of nitrogen in a cylindrical region in the combustion chamber relative to remaining regions in the combustion chamber, wherein the cylindrical region of the high concentration of nitrogen extends centrally through the combustion chamber between a head of the piston and the top of the cylinder.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pure nitrogen is injected from a nitrogen injector at a top of the cylinder into the combustion chamber to provide the stratified gas environment with a higher concentration of nitrogen in a spherical region around the nitrogen injector to provide the stratified gas environment with a higher concentration of nitrogen in the spherical region relative to remaining regions in the combustion chamber.
8 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the stratified gas environment comprises a higher concentration of nitrogen in a region of the cylinder based on the location of the one or more nitrogen injectors.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pure nitrogen is generated from a membrane-based system.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pure nitrogen is generated from a pressure swing adsorption system.
11 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
providing air to a nitrogen generation system from an external air source, a turbocharger, or a combination thereof; and
generating the pure nitrogen from the nitrogen generation system.
12 . An engine system for injecting nitrogen into an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a cylinder comprising a combustion chamber and a piston slidably positioned in the cylinder;
a first intake line fluidly connected to the combustion chamber via a first intake port;
one or more nitrogen injectors fluidly connecting a source of pure nitrogen to the combustion chamber;
a fuel injector fluidly connecting a fuel source to the combustion chamber;
wherein the one or more nitrogen injectors provide nitrogen to the combustion chamber to create a stratified gas environment with a high nitrogen concentration region and a low nitrogen concentration region within the combustion chamber.
13 . The engine system of claim 12 , wherein the source of pure nitrogen comprises a membrane-based system.
14 . The engine system of claim 12 , wherein the source of pure nitrogen comprises a pressure swing adsorption system.
15 . The engine system of claim 12 , wherein when a first of the one or more nitrogen injectors is in an open configuration, a second nitrogen injector is in a closed configuration, and when the second nitrogen injector is in the open configuration, the first nitrogen injector is in the closed configuration.
16 . The engine system of claim 12 , wherein the one or more nitrogen injectors are located on a top of the cylinder, a side of the cylinder, or combinations thereof.
17 . An engine system for injecting nitrogen into an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a cylinder comprising a combustion chamber and a piston slidably positioned in the cylinder;
an intake line fluidly connected to the combustion chamber via an intake port; and
a multi-nozzle injector connected to the cylinder, the multi-nozzle injector comprising:
a fuel nozzle fluidly connecting a fuel source to the combustion chamber; and
a nitrogen nozzle fluidly connecting a source of pure nitrogen to the combustion chamber.
18 . The engine system of claim 17 , wherein the fuel nozzle circumferentially surrounds the nitrogen nozzle.
19 . The engine system of claim 17 , wherein the multi-nozzle injector is located on a top of the cylinder.
20 . An engine system for injecting nitrogen into an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a cylinder comprising a combustion chamber and a piston slidably positioned in the cylinder;
one or more nitrogen injectors fluidly connecting a source of pure nitrogen to a first and a second intake line;
the first intake line fluidly connected to the combustion chamber via a first intake port configured to direct air with atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen to the combustion chamber;
the second intake line fluidly connected to the combustion chamber via a second intake port configured to direct the pure nitrogen to the combustion chamber; and
a fuel injector fluidly connecting a fuel source to the combustion chamber.