Dual heat path temperature sensor
A temperature sensing system includes absolute temperature sensor(s) and/or thermopiles that form concentric geometries and are uniform in height. In some examples, the temperature sensing system can determine internal body temperature and/or ambient temperature based at least on a thermal gradient associated with the inner thermopile, a thermal gradient associated with the outer thermopile, a lateral temperature difference between the inner and the outer thermopiles, and an absolute temperature. In some examples, the temperature sensing system can determine the internal body temperature and/or ambient temperature using at least four absolute temperature sensors forming a concentric structure.
1 . An electronic device, comprising:
a thermal sensing system comprising:
a sensing surface, wherein the sensing surface comprises an inner thermopile associated with a first heat path and an outer thermopile associated with a second heat path, wherein the inner thermopile is same in height as the outer thermopile, and wherein the inner thermopile and the outer thermopile form concentric geometries; and
a first absolute temperature sensor configured to measure a first absolute temperature; and
a processor communicatively coupled to the thermal sensing system and configured to compute an ambient temperature or body temperature using a first temperature gradient associated with the first heat path, a second temperature gradient associated with the second heat path, a lateral temperature difference between the inner thermopile and the outer thermopile, and the first absolute temperature.
2 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to compute the ambient temperature or the body temperature using the first temperature gradient associated with the first heat path, the second temperature gradient associated with the second heat path, and at least two absolute temperatures.
3 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first absolute temperature sensor is configured to measure the first absolute temperature at a first surface of the inner thermopile, wherein the thermal sensing system comprises a second absolute temperature sensor configured to measure a second absolute temperature at a first surface of the outer thermopile.
4 . The electronic device of claim 3 , wherein the processor is configured to compute the lateral temperature difference between the inner thermopile and the outer thermopile using the first absolute temperature and the second absolute temperature.
5 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to compute the lateral temperature difference between the inner thermopile and the outer thermopile using a surface thermopile disposed between the inner thermopile and the outer thermopile.
6 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to compute the ambient temperature using the first temperature gradient, the second temperature gradient, the lateral temperature difference between the inner thermopile and the outer thermopile, a first surface area of the first heat path exposed to the ambient temperature, a second surface area of the second heat path exposed to the ambient temperature, a first resistance associated with the first heat path, and a second resistance associated with the second heat path.
7 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the sensing surface comprises glass or a printed circuit board.
8 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the inner thermopile comprises a first set of metal fillings and the outer thermopile comprises a second set of metal fillings different from the first set of metal fillings.
9 . The electronic device of claim 8 , wherein the first set of metal fillings comprises copper and constantan and the second set of metal fillings comprises chromel and constantan.
10 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the thermal sensing system comprises a passivation layer disposed on the sensing surface, wherein the passivation layer comprises epoxy, silicon nitride, glass, a polymer material, a ceramic material, a composite material, or any combination thereof.
11 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the thermal sensing system comprises a thermal insulation layer disposed a threshold distance from the outer thermopile.
12 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the concentric geometries comprise concentric cylinders.
13 . A dual heat flux sensor, comprising:
a sensing glass comprising an inner thermopile and an outer thermopile, wherein the inner thermopile and the outer thermopile are uniform in height and form concentric geometries;
a plurality of vias in the sensing glass comprising a plurality of first vias from a first surface of the sensing glass to a second surface of the sensing glass and a plurality of second vias from the first surface of the sensing glass to the second surface of the sensing glass, wherein the inner thermopile is formed from a first set of conductive materials filling the plurality of first vias and the outer thermopile is formed from a second set of conductive materials filling the plurality of second vias; and
sensing circuitry configured to measure a temperature gradient associated with the inner thermopile and a second temperature gradient associated with the outer thermopile.
14 . The dual heat flux sensor of claim 13 , wherein a diameter of the dual heat flux sensor is at least 1.5 times greater than a diameter of the outer thermopile.
15 . The dual heat flux sensor of claim 13 , wherein a diameter of the dual heat flux sensor is between 9 millimeters and 12 millimeters.
16 . The dual heat flux sensor of claim 13 , wherein a height of the dual heat flux sensor is less than 4 millimeters.
17 . The dual heat flux sensor of claim 13 , wherein the dual heat flux sensor comprises a housing coupled to the sensing glass, wherein the housing comprises a cavity disposed beneath the sensing glass, and wherein the cavity comprises air.
18 . The dual heat flux sensor of claim 17 , wherein the cavity comprises a height between 0.5 millimeters and 2.5 millimeters.
19 . The dual heat flux sensor of claim 13 , comprising a glass layer different from the sensing glass and disposed beneath the sensing glass.
20 . A system, comprising:
a first absolute temperature sensor configured to measure a first absolute temperature at a first surface of an inner thermopile;
a second absolute temperature sensor configured to measure a second absolute temperature at a first surface of an outer thermopile, wherein the inner thermopile is same in height as the outer thermopile, and wherein the inner thermopile and the outer thermopile form concentric geometries;
a third absolute temperature sensor configured to measure a third absolute temperature at a second surface of the inner thermopile;
a fourth absolute temperature sensor configured to measure a fourth absolute temperature at a second surface of the outer thermopile; and
a processor communicatively coupled to the first absolute temperature sensor, the second absolute temperature sensor, the third absolute temperature sensor, and the fourth absolute temperature sensor and configured to compute an ambient temperature or an internal body temperature using the first absolute temperature, the second absolute temperature, the third absolute temperature, and the fourth absolute temperature.