Power converter having non-linear compensation for variable source impedance
A power converter circuit provides stable operation over wide ranges of power source impedance supplying energy to the power converter circuit. The power converter circuit includes an input terminal for receiving energy from an external power source, and a switching converter circuit that receives an input current from the input terminal at an input terminal voltage level and produces an output current or voltage. The switching converter circuit receives a control variable that sets a level of the input current drawn from the input terminal. The power converter circuit also includes a control circuit that determines an indication of an impedance or a change in impedance between the external power source and the input terminal, and generates the control variable in conformity therewith, so that a voltage drop between the external power source and the input terminal is limited by adjustment of the control variable.
1 . A power converter circuit, comprising:
an input terminal for receiving energy from an external power source;
a switching converter circuit that receives an input current from the input terminal at an input terminal voltage level and produces an output current or voltage, wherein the switching converter circuit receives a control variable that sets a level of the input current drawn from the input terminal; and
a control circuit that determines an indication of an impedance or a change in the impedance between the external power source and the input terminal by receiving an error value representing a difference between the input terminal voltage level and a target voltage level at an adaptive controller of the control circuit, and wherein the adaptive controller adaptively adjusts the control variable in conformity with the error value, so that a voltage drop between the external power source and the input terminal is limited by adjustment of the control variable over a range of the input current received from the input terminal.
2 . The power converter circuit of claim 1 , wherein the impedance is an impedance of a cable that connects the external power source to the switching converter circuit, and wherein the control circuit operates to reduce an effect of the impedance on stability of the switching converter circuit.
3 . The power converter circuit of claim 2 , wherein the control circuit operates to maintain the input terminal voltage level within a predetermined range.
4 . The power converter circuit of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit operates to maintain the input terminal voltage level within a predetermined range.
5 . The power converter circuit of claim 4 , wherein the control circuit determines whether or not the indication of impedance indicates that the impedance is greater than a threshold value, and sets the control variable to reduce the input current to prevent the input terminal voltage level from falling to a value below the predetermined range.
6 . The power converter circuit of claim 1 , wherein the control variable controls one or more parameters of the switching converter circuit.
7 . The power converter circuit of claim 1 , wherein the adaptive controller includes a proportional-integral or proportional-integral-derivative controller that receives the error value and generates the control value.
8 . The power converter circuit of claim 7 , wherein the adaptive controller implements asymmetric saturation at an input of an integrator of the controller to provide slew rate control of adjustment of the control variable.
9 . The power converter circuit of claim 7 , wherein the adaptive controller implements saturation at an output of an integrator of the controller to provide anti-windup operation and to provide stability of the controller.
10 . The power converter circuit of claim 7 , further comprising applying saturation at an output of an integrator of the adaptive controller to provide anti-windup operation and to provide stability of the controller.
11 . A method of operation of a power converter circuit, the method comprising:
receiving energy from an external power source at an input terminal of the power converter circuit;
producing an output current or voltage with a switching converter circuit by receiving an input current from the input terminal at an input terminal voltage level;
setting a level of the input current drawn from the input terminal by providing a control variable to the switching converter circuit;
determining an indication of an impedance or a change in the impedance between the external power source and the input terminal;
receiving an error value representing a difference between the input terminal voltage level and a target voltage level at an adaptive controller; and
adjusting the control variable in conformity with the error value to limit a voltage drop between the external power source and the input terminal, over a range of the input current received from the input terminal.
12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising connecting the external power source to the switching converter circuit with a cable, wherein the impedance is an impedance of the cable, and wherein the adjusting operates to reduce an effect of the impedance on stability of the switching converter circuit.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the adjusting maintains the input terminal voltage level within a predetermined range.
14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the adjusting maintains the input terminal voltage level within a predetermined range.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the determining determines whether or not the indication of impedance indicates that the impedance is greater than a threshold value, and wherein the adjusting sets the control variable to reduce the input current to prevent the input terminal voltage level from falling to a value below the predetermined range.
16 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the control variable controls one or more parameters of the switching converter circuit.
17 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the adaptive controller performs proportional-integral or proportional-integral-derivative control.
18 . The method of claim 17 , further comprising applying asymmetric saturation at an input of an integrator of the adaptive controller to provide slew rate control of adjustment of the control variable.
19 . A method of operation of a power converter circuit, the method comprising:
receiving energy from a direct-current (DC) power source connected by a cable to an input terminal of the power converter circuit;
producing an output current or voltage with a switching converter circuit by receiving an input current from the input terminal;
determining an error value representing a difference between the input terminal voltage level and a target voltage level at an adaptive controller; and
adaptively adjusting the input current received from the input terminal in conformity with the error value, over a range of the input current.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the adjusting is performed so that a voltage drop across the cable is limited to a predetermined range.
21 . A power converter circuit, comprising:
an input terminal for receiving energy from a direct-current (DC) power source connected to the input terminal by a cable;
a switching converter circuit that receives an input current from the input terminal and produces an output current or voltage, wherein the switching converter circuit receives a control variable that sets a level of the input current drawn from the input terminal; and
a control circuit that determines an indication of an impedance or a change in the impedance of the cable and adjusts the control variable in conformity with the indication of impedance or change in the impedance of the cable.
22 . The power converter circuit of claim 21 , wherein the control circuit adjusts the control variable so that a voltage drop across the cable is limited to a predetermined range.