Active neutral control circuit, inverter system, and method
View Patent ↗An active neutral control circuit that connects to a three-phase AC power output is provided. The circuit includes a resistor bank having the terminals of a first resistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor arranged in a wye configuration and converging to a neutral point, with other terminals of the resistors respectively connected to each of the three phases of the AC power output. The circuit also includes a voltage sensor to measure an AC phase voltage of one phase of the three-phase power output at the neutral point and a controller that generates a PWM signal based on the measured voltage for controlling a single-phase inverter. The AC voltage output from the single-phase inverter is a floating reference voltage for the phase voltages from the three-phase AC power output to balance the phase voltages in instances where the loads of the three-phase AC power output are unbalanced.
1 . An active neutral control circuit configured to connect to a three-phase AC power output having a first phase output, a second phase output, and a third phase output, the active neutral control circuit comprising:
a resistor bank configured to electrically connect to the first phase, second phase, and third phase outputs of the three-phase AC power output, and the resistor bank having a first resistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor converging to a neutral point, each of the first resistor, the second resistor, and the third resistor having two terminals, wherein one terminal of the first resistor is configured to connect to the first phase output of the three-phase AC power output and another terminal of the first resistor is connected to the neutral point, one terminal of the second resistor is configured to connect to the second phase out of the three-phase AC power output and another terminal of the second resistor is connected to the neutral point, and one terminal of the third resistor is configured to connect to the third phase output of the three-phase AC power output and another terminal of the third resistor is connected to the neutral point;
a first voltage sensor electrically connected to the neutral point and configured to sense an AC voltage of one of the first phase output, the second phase output, or the third phase output of the three-phase AC power output at the neutral point, and to output a neutral point voltage signal in response to sensing the AC voltage; and
a controller electrically connected to the first voltage sensor and configured to input the neutral point voltage signal, to generate a PWM control signal based on the neutral point voltage signal, and to output the PWM control signal to a single-phase inverter, wherein
the first voltage sensor is configured to output the neutral point voltage signal to the controller, and wherein
the controller is further configured to electrically connect to the single-phase inverter.
2 . The active neutral control circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
the single-phase inverter electrically connected to the controller and configured to connect to both (1) a DC power source or a DC power output and (2) a phase line of one of the first phase output, the second phase output, or the third phase output of the three-phase AC power output, the single-phase inverter having a switching module including a pair of power electronics switches, the single-phase inverter configured to input a DC power from the DC power source or the DC power output, to convert the DC power to a single-phase AC power having a single-phase AC voltage, and to output the single-phase AC power to the phase line of the one of the first phase, the second phase, or the third phase of the three-phase AC power output; and
a second voltage sensor electrically connected to the controller and configured to connect to the phase line of the one of the first phase, the second phase, or the third phase of the three-phase AC power output, the second voltage sensor configured to sense a voltage of the single-phase AC power output by the single-phase inverter, and to output a single-phase voltage signal to the controller in response to sensing the voltage of the single-phase AC power.
3 . The active neutral control circuit of claim 2 , wherein the controller is further configured to compare the neutral point voltage signal to the single-phase voltage signal, to generate the PWM control signal based on a comparison of the neutral point voltage signal and the single-phase voltage signal, and to output the PWM control signal to a single-phase inverter.
4 . The active neutral control circuit of claim 2 , further comprising a fourth resistor having a pair of terminals, wherein one terminal of the fourth resistor is electrically connected an output to the single-phase inverter and another terminal of the fourth resistor is electrically connected to the second voltage sensor.
5 . The active neutral control circuit of claim 4 , further comprising an LC circuit having an inductor and a capacitor, the LC circuit electrically connected to, and disposed between, the single-phase inverter and the fourth resistor, and the LC circuit configured to smooth the single-phase AC voltage of the single-phase AC power output from the single-phase inverter.
6 . A balanced power conversion system configured to connect to a DC power source, the balanced power conversion system comprising:
a DC-AC inverter configured to electrically connect to a DC power source or a DC power output, the DC-AC inverter including
a three-phase DC-AC inverter configured to input a first DC power that is output from the DC power source or a second DC power that is output from the DC power output, to convert the first DC power or the second DC power to a three-phase AC power, and to output the three-phase AC power as a first phase output, a second phase output, and a third phase output, and
a single-phase DC-AC inverter configured to input the first DC power or the second DC power, to convert the first DC power or the second DC power to a first single-phase AC power, and to output the first single-phase AC power; and
an active neutral control circuit having
a resistor bank electrically connected to the first, second, and third phase outputs of the three-phase DC-AC inverter, the resistor bank having a first resistor, a second resistor, and a third resistor converging to a neutral point, each of the first resistor, the second resistor, and the third resistor having two terminals, wherein one terminal of the first resistor is connected to the first phase output of the three-phase DC-AC inverter and another terminal of the first resistor is connected to the neutral point, and wherein one terminal of the second resistor is connected to the second phase output of the three-phase DC-AC inverter and another terminal of the second resistor is connected to the neutral point, and wherein one terminal of the third resistor is connected to the third phase output of the three-phase DC-AC inverter and another terminal of the third resistor is connected to the neutral point;
a first voltage sensor electrically connected to the neutral point and configured to sense an AC voltage of one of the first phase output, the second phase output, or the third phase output of the three-phase DC-AC inverter at the neutral point, and to output a neutral point voltage signal in response to sensing the AC voltage; and
a first controller electrically connected to the first voltage sensor and the single-phase DC-AC inverter and configured to input the neutral point voltage signal, to generate a first PWM control signal based on the neutral point voltage signal, and to output the first PWM control signal to the single-phase DC-AC inverter, wherein
the first voltage sensor is configured to output the neutral point voltage signal to the first controller.
7 . The balanced power conversion system of claim 6 , wherein
the DC-AC inverter further includes a neutral leg electrically connected to a neutral line, the neutral leg configured to input the first DC power or the second DC power, to convert the first DC power or the second DC power to a second single-phase AC power, and to output the second single-phase AC power to the neutral line to balance neutral load currents on the neutral line, and wherein
the balanced power conversion further comprises a phase line electrically connected to (1) the one of the first phase output, the second phase output, or the third phase output of the three-phase DC-AC inverter, (2) the single-phase DC-AC inverter, and (3) the neutral line, and wherein
the active neutral control circuit further comprises a second voltage sensor electrically connected to the first controller and the phase line of the one of the first phase output, the second phase output, or the third phase output of the three-phase DC-AC inverter, and wherein
the single-phase DC-AC inverter is further configured to output the single-phase AC power to the phase line, and wherein
the second voltage sensor is configured to sense a voltage of the first single-phase AC power output by the single-phase inverter, and to output a single-phase voltage signal to the first controller in response to sensing the voltage of the first single-phase AC power.
8 . The balanced power conversion system of claim 7 , wherein the first controller is further configured to compare the neutral point voltage signal to the single-phase voltage signal, to generate the first PWM control signal based on a comparison of the neutral point voltage signal and the single-phase voltage signal, and to output the first PWM control signal to the single-phase inverter.
9 . The balanced power conversion system of claim 7 , wherein the active neutral control circuit further comprises a fourth resistor having a pair of terminals, wherein one terminal of the fourth resistor is electrically connected to the single-phase DC-AC inverter and another terminal of the fourth resistor is electrically connected to the second voltage sensor.
10 . The balanced power conversion system of claim 9 , wherein the active neutral control circuit further comprises an LC circuit having an inductor and a capacitor, the LC circuit electrically connected to, and disposed between, the single-phase inverter and the fourth resistor, and the LC circuit configured to smooth the single-phase AC voltage of the first single-phase AC power output from the single-phase inverter.
11 . The balanced power conversion system of claim 6 , further comprising
the DC power output, wherein
the DC power output is a DC-DC converter, and the DC-DC converter is configured to convert the first DC power that is output from the DC power source to the second DC power, and wherein
the first DC power has a first DC voltage level, the second DC power has a second DC voltage level, and the first DC voltage level is higher than the second DC voltage level.
12 . The balanced power conversion system of claim 6 , wherein
the three-phase DC-AC inverter includes
a first switching module having a first pair of power electronics switches and configured to input the first DC power or the second DC power and to output the first phase output,
a second switching module having a second pair of power electronics switches and configured to input the first DC power or the second DC power and to output the second phase output,
a third switching module having a third pair of power electronics switches and configured to input the first DC power or the second DC power and to output the third phase output, and wherein
the single-phase DC-AC inverter includes
a fourth switching module having a fourth pair of power electronics switches and configured to input the first DC power or the second DC power and to output the first single-phase AC power.
13 . The balanced power conversion system of claim 7 , wherein
the neutral leg includes
a fifth switching module having a fifth pair of power electronics switches and configured to input the first DC power or the second DC power and to output the second single-phase AC power.
14 . The balanced power conversion system of claim 6 , further comprising:
a third voltage sensor electrically connected to the first phase output and the third phase output and configured to measure a first AC line-to-line voltage;
a fourth voltage sensor electrically connected to the first phase output and the second phase output and configured to measure a second AC line-to-line voltage;
a fifth voltage sensor electrically connected to the second phase output and the third phase output and configured to measure a third AC line-to-line voltage;
a second controller electrically connected to the third, fourth, and fifth voltage sensors and the three-phase DC-AC inverter; and
a three-phase reference voltage generator electrically connected to the second controller, the three-phase reference voltage generator configured to generate a first reference AC voltage signal, a second reference AC phase voltage signal, and a third reference AC phase voltage signal, and wherein
the second controller is configured to generate a second PWM signal, a third PWM signal, and a fourth PWM signal, and to output the second, third, and fourth PWM signals to the three-phase DC-AC inverter.
15 . A method for active neutral generation and balancing of phase voltages in a three-phase power output, the method comprising:
passing each phase of a three-phase power output through one resistor in a three resistor bank, each resistor having one terminal connected to a different phase of the three-phase power output and another terminal connected to the other terminal of other resistors in the three resistor bank to form a neutral point;
measuring a phase voltage of one phase of the three-phase power output at the neutral point; and
outputting the measured phase voltage as a reference voltage signal.
16 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
generating a PWM signal based on the reference voltage signal.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the reference voltage signal is compared to a variable voltage signal to generate a control signal, and wherein the PWM signal is generated from the control signal.
18 . The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
inputting the PWM signal into a single-phase DC-AC inverter;
generating a single-phase AC power based on the PWM signal; and
outputting the single-phase AC power to a phase line of the one phase of the three-phase power output.