Application of VICTS subarrays in coherently-combined large array antenna structures
A variable inclination continuous transverse stub (VICTS) antenna system includes a support structure, a plurality of VICTS antenna elements attached to the support structure, and a controller operatively coupled to the plurality of VICTS antenna elements, the controller configured to coherently combine signals through each of the plurality of VICTS antenna elements.
1 . A variable inclination continuous transverse stub (VICTS) antenna system, comprising:
a support structure;
at least two VICTS antenna elements attached to the support structure, each VICTS antenna element of the at least two VICTS antenna elements comprising a first plate including a lattice of continuous radiating stubs and a second plate spaced apart from the first plate; and
a controller operatively coupled to the at least two VICTS antenna elements, the controller configured to coherently combine signals received from each of the at least two VICTS antenna elements.
2 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is operative to receive an analog signal from each of the at least two VICTS antenna elements and condition each of the received analog signals.
3 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to select a signal of interest from each signal received from the at least two VICTS antenna elements, and apply a phase shift and true time delay (TTD) to the each of the selected signal of interest.
4 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 3 , wherein the controller is configured to use an expected phase shift and an expected TTD based on an expected geometric configuration of the VICTS antenna system and on expected geometric characteristics of the selected received analog signal.
5 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 3 , wherein the controller is configured to sum each of the selected, phase shifted and TTD signals to form a coherently-combined signal.
6 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 1 , wherein a first subset of the at least two VICTS antenna elements form a first antenna group, and a second subset of the at least two VICTS antenna elements form a second antenna group, wherein the controller is operative to communicate over a first frequency band using the first antenna group, and to communicate over a second frequency band using the second antenna group.
7 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 6 , wherein the first frequency band is the X-band and the second frequency band is the S-band.
8 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is operative to electronically steer the at least two VICTS antenna elements.
9 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 1 , wherein the support structure comprises a flat surface.
10 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 1 , wherein the support structure comprises a roof or external wall of a building.
11 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 1 , wherein the support structure comprises a hemispherical shape.
12 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 1 , wherein the controller comprises at least one of a receive antenna controller or a transmit antenna controller.
13 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 12 , wherein the controller comprises a receive antenna controller, further comprising a receive antenna beam former communicatively coupled to the receive antenna controller, the receive antenna beam former communicatively coupled to each of the at least two VICTS antenna elements.
14 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 12 , further comprising at least two phase shifting elements, wherein a respective one of the at least two phase shifting elements is communicatively arranged between the receive antenna beam former and a respective one of the at least two VICTS antenna elements, each of the plurality of phase shifting elements communicatively coupled to the receive antenna controller.
15 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 13 wherein the beam former comprises both radio frequency (RF) and digital elements.
16 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 1 , wherein the second plate comprises one or more line sources emanating into a region between the first plate and the second plate.
17 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of VICTS antenna elements are separate and distinct from one another.
18 . The VICTS antenna system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least two VICTS antenna elements comprise a first VICTS antenna element and a second VICTS antenna element, and wherein the first plate and the second plate of the first VICTS antenna element are separate and distinct from the first plate and the second plate of the second VICTS antenna element.
19 . A variable inclination continuous transverse stub (VICTS) antenna system, comprising:
a support structure;
at least two VICTS antenna elements attached to the support structure; and
a controller operatively coupled to the at least two VICTS antenna elements, the controller configured to coherently combine signals received from each of the at least two VICTS antenna elements,
wherein the controller is configured to select a signal of interest from each signal received from the at least two VICTS antenna elements, and apply a phase shift and true time delay (TTD) to the each of the selected signal of interest,
wherein the controller is configured to use an expected phase shift and an expected TTD based on an expected geometric configuration of the VICTS antenna system and on expected geometric characteristics of the selected received analog signal, and,
wherein the controller is configured to i) optimize the expected phase shift for each selected received signal by obtaining a phase difference between a reference signal and each selected received signal, and ii) and optimize the expected TTD for each selected signal by cross-correlating each selected received signal to find a time shift that aligns the selected received signals.
20 . A method for obtaining a radio frequency (RF) signal using a variable inclination continuous transverse stub (VICTS) antenna system that includes at least two VICTS antenna elements attached to a support structure, comprising:
receiving an analog signal from each of the at least two VICTS antenna elements, each VICTS antenna element of the at least two VICTS antenna elements comprising a first plate including a lattice of continuous radiating stubs and a second plate spaced apart from the first plate; and
coherently combining each of the received analog signals.
21 . The method according to claim 20 , further comprising conditioning each of the received analog signals.
22 . The method according to claim 21 , wherein conditioning comprises at least one of amplifying, filtering, power limiting, and attenuating.
23 . The method according to claim 20 , further comprising selecting a signal of interest from each analog signal received from the at least two VICTS antenna elements, and applying a phase shift and true time delay (TTD) to each of the selected signals.
24 . The method according to claim 23 , wherein applying the phase shift and TTD includes using an initial phase shift and an initial TTD based on an expected geometric configuration of the VICTS antenna system and on expected geometric characteristics of the selected received analog signal.
25 . The method according to claim 24 , further comprising i) optimizing an expected phase shift for each selected received signal by obtaining a phase difference between a reference signal and each selected received signal, and ii) and optimizing an expected TTD for each selected received signal by cross-correlating each selected received signal to find a time shift that aligns the selected received signals.
26 . The method according to claim 23 , further comprising summing each of the selected, phase shifted and TTD signals to form the coherently-combined signal, and communicating the coherently-combined signal to an end point.