IP Library Granted Patent US 12,642,821
Granted Patent B2
US 12,642,821 · App. 19/224,071 · Granted Jun 2, 2026

Use of

Inventors: Patrice Cani (Brussels, BE); Amandine Everard (Ottignies, BE); Clara Belzer (Wageningen, NL); Willem De Vos (Ede, NL)
Assignee: COMPAGNIE GERVAIS DANONE
A61K35/74A61K9/0053A61K35/741Y02A50/30
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,642,821
App. No.
19/224,071
Granted
Jun 2, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

The present invention relates to Akkermansia muciniphila or fragments thereof for treating a metabolic disorder in a subject in need thereof. The present invention also relates to a composition, a pharmaceutical composition and a medicament comprising Akkermansia muciniphila or fragments thereof for treating a metabolic disorder. The present invention also relates to the use of Akkermansia muciniphila or fragments thereof for promoting weight loss in a subject in need thereof.

Claims (10)

1 . A method for promoting weight loss in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising orally administering a composition comprising an effective amount of bacteria comprising substantially purified Akkermansia to the subject, wherein the substantially purified Akkermansia comprises at least 50% of a strain of Akkermansia , thereby promoting weight loss in the subject.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of bacteria comprises at least 50% Akkermansia muciniphila or fragments thereof.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said method does not impact the food intake of said subject.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein viable cells of Akkermansia muciniphila are administered to the subject.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein Akkermansia muciniphila are orally administered to the subject.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein an amount of Akkermansia muciniphila ranging from about 1·10 4 to about 1·10 12 cfu is administered to the subject.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein Akkermansia muciniphila are administered at least three times a week.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human.

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein Akkermansia muciniphila are co-administered with a probiotic strain in addition to the Akkermansia muciniphila.

10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein Akkermansia muciniphila are co-administered with one or more prebiotics.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Feb 11, 2026
From: CANI, PATRICE; EVERARD, AMANDINE; BELZER, CLARA; DE VOS, WILLEM
To: UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN; WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITEIT
Reel/Frame 073757/0652 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jan 27, 2026
From: WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITEIT; SOPARTEC SA; UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN
To: COMPAGNIE GERVAIS DANONE
Reel/Frame 073596/0647 →
Priority Claims (1)
WO PCT/EP2012/073011 · Nov 19, 2012 · international
Continuity (2)
Continuation 14443829
Related Publication 20250288622A1 · Sep 18, 2025
References Cited (262)
US 7253333B2 · Tanaka et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 9173910B2 · Kaplan et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9895341B2 · Khoo et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10149867B2 · Kaplan et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10149870B2 · Kaplan et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10286026B2 · Israelsen et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10736924B2 · Cani et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10738089B2 · Belzer et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11466057B2 · Belzer et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20050180962A1 · Eyal et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050220907A1 · Theoharides et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060094649A1 · Keogh et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060147600A1 · Gonzales et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20090263466A1 · Managoli et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100172874A1 · Turnbaugh et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20120083514A1 · Prevost et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130224155A1 · Kaplan et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20150306152A1 · Cani et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20170028012A1 · Faria et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180250347A1 · Cani et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180265554A1 · Belzer et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190046590A1 · Kaplan et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190282630A1 · Cani et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200121737A1 · Cani et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200155616A1 · Cani et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200237832A1 · Cani et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200237833A1 · Cani et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210015876A1 · Cani et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210147489A1 · Belzer et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210322489A1 · Cani et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210393704A1 · Cani et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
CA 3094903A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
CA 3110996A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
CN 110604833A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
EP 2030623A1 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
JP 20145017487A5 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2001058283A1 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2005030133A2 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2006101244A2 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008073148A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008076696A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008076696A3 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011137369A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012052868A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012059499A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2012059501A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013130773A2 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014075745A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014076246A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
Aggarwal et al., “Targeting Inflammatory Pathways for Prevention and Therapy of Cancer: Short-Term Friend, Long-Term Foe”, Molecular Pathways, Clin Cancer Research, Jan. 15, 2009, 15(2): 425-430. [cited by applicant]
Alhouayek et al., “Increasing endogenous 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels counteracts colitis and related systemic inflammation” FASEB J. 2011, 25(8):2711-2721. [cited by applicant]
Antoni et al., “Intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease” in: World Journal of Gastroenterology, 20(5), pp. 1165-1179. Published Feb. 7, 2014. [cited by applicant]
Azcarate-Peril et al., “The intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal environment and colorectal cancer: a putative role for probiotics in prevention of colorectal cancer?”, American Journal of Physiology, Gastrointestina… [cited by applicant]
Bardou et al., “Obesity and colorectal cancer”, Gut, 2013, 62: 933-947. [cited by applicant]
Belzer et al., “Microbes inside—from diversity to function: the case of Akkermansia” ISME J. 2012, 6(8):1449-1458. [cited by applicant]
Ben-Shabat et al., “An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity” Eur J Pharmacol. 1998, 353(1):23-31. [cited by applicant]
Berer et al., Commensal microbiota and myelin autoantigen cooperate to trigger autoimmune demyelination, Nature. Oct. 26, 2011;479(7374):538-41. [cited by applicant]
Cani et al., “Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability” in: Gut, vol. 58, pp. 1091-1103. Published in Feb. 2009. [cited by applicant]
Cani et al., “Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice” in: Diabetes, vol. 57, pp. 1470-1481. Published Jun. 2008. [cited by applicant]
Cani et al., “Metabolic Endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance” in: Diabetes, vol. 56, pp. 1761-1772. Published Jul. 2007. [cited by applicant]
Choi et al., “Plasma marker proteins associated with the progression of lung cancer in obese mice fed a high-fat diet”, Proteomics, Jun. 2012, 12(12): 1999-2013. [cited by applicant]
Dabke et al., “The gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome” in: The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 129(10), pp. 4050-4057. Published in Oct. 2019. [cited by applicant]
Day et al., “Linking inflammation to tumorigenesis in a mouse model of high-fat-diet-enhanced colon cancer”, Cytokine, Oct. 2013, 64(1): 454-462. [cited by applicant]
De Weerth et al., “Crying in infants: on the possible role of intestinal microbiota in the development of colic”, Gut Microbes. Sep.-Oct. 2013;4(5):416-21. [cited by applicant]
De Weerth et al., “Intestinal microbiota of infants with colic: development and specific signatures”, Pediatrics. Feb. 2013;131(2):e550-8. [cited by applicant]
Declaration of Amandine Everard dated Aug. 26, 2022, including Exhibit 1: CV, Exhibit 2: D1 Keystone Poster, and Exhibit 3: Keystone media and communications policy. [cited by applicant]
Declaration of Patrice Cani dated Aug. 24, 2022, including Exhibit 1-1: CV, Exhibit 1-2: Publication List, Exhibit 2: D1 Keystone Poster, Exhibit 3: Keystone Joint Participant List, and Exhibit 4: 2012 Keystone media an… [cited by applicant]
Delzenne et al., “Interaction between obesity and the gut microbiota: relevance in nutrition” Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2011. [cited by applicant]
Depommier et al., “Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study” in: Nat Med, vol. 25(7), pp. 1096-1103. Published Jul. 2019. [cited by applicant]
Derrien et al., “Modulation of Mucosal Immune Response, Tolerance, and Proliferation in Mice Colonized by the Mucin-Degrader Akkermansia muciniphila” Frontiers in Microbiology 2011, 2:166, pp. 1-14. [cited by applicant]
Derrien et al., “The Mucin degrader Akkermansia muciniphila is an abundant resident of the human intestinal tract” Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2008, 74, 1646-1648. [cited by applicant]
Derrien et al., “ [cited by applicant]
Dewulf et al., “Insight into the prebiotic concept: lessons from an exploratory, double blind intervention study with inulin-type fructans in obese women” in: Gut, vol. 62, pp. 1112-1121. Published in Nov. 2012. [cited by applicant]
Dingemanse et al., “Akkermansia muciniphila and Helicobacter typhlonius modulate intestinal tumor development in mice”, Carcinogenesis, 2015, 36(11): 1388-1396. [cited by applicant]
Dorhout et al., “Oral administration of deuterium-labelled polyamines to sucking rat pups: Luminal uptake, metabolic fate and effects on gastrointestinal maturation”, British Journal of Nutrition, Nov. 1997, pp. 639-654. [cited by applicant]
Endo et al., “Involvement of JNK pathway in the promotion of the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis under high-fat dietary conditions”, Gut, Dec. 2009, 58(12): 1637-1643, Epublished Jun. 30, 2009. [cited by applicant]
European Examination Report for European Patent Application No. 21189951.3, dated Aug. 16, 2023. [cited by applicant]
Everard et al., “Akkermansia muciniphilia links gut barrier function with inflammation and metabolic disorders associated with obesity”, Poster Presentation, Keystone Symposia: The Microbiome (Q8), Mar. 4-9, 2012. [cited by applicant]
Everard et al., “Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity” NAS USA 2013, 110(22):9066-71. [cited by applicant]
Everard et al., “Diabetes, obesity and gut microbiota”, Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology, 2013, 27, pp. 73-83. [cited by applicant]
Everard et al., “Responses of gut microbiota and glucose and lipid metabolism to prebiotics in genetic obese and liet-induced leptin-resistant mice” Diabetes, 2011, 60(11):2775-86. [cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report and European Search Opinion for European Patent Application No. 21154064.6, dated Jul. 8, 2021. [cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report and European Search Opinion for European Patent Application No. 21189951.3, dated Feb. 15, 2022. [cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report and European Search Opinion for European Patent Application No. 24216694.0, dated Apr. 23, 2025. [cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report and European Search Opinion for European Patent Application No. 24216695.7, dated Apr. 22, 2025. [cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report and European Search Opinion for European Patent Application No. 24216696.5, dated Apr. 22, 2025. [cited by applicant]
Fujii et al., “A murine model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis showing evidence of association between diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma”, Med Mol Morphol., Sep. 2013, 46(3): 141-152, Epublished Feb. 22, 2013. [cited by applicant]
Geurts et al., “Altered gut microbiota and endocannabinoid system tone in obese and diabetic leptin-resistant mice: impact on apelin regulation in adipose tissue” Frontiers in Microbiology 2011, 2:149. [cited by applicant]
Goris et al., “DNA-DNA hybridization values and their relationship to whole-genome sequence similarities”, Int J Syst Evol Microbial. Jan. 2007;57(Pt 1):81-91. [cited by applicant]
Grivennikov et al., “Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer”, Cell, Mar. 19, 2010, 140(6): 883-899. [cited by applicant]
Hansen et al., “2-0leoyl glycerol is a GPR119 agonist and signals GLP-1 release in humans” J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011, 96(9):E1409-17. [cited by applicant]
Hansen et al., “Early life treatment with vancomycin propagates Akkermansia muciniphila and reduces diabetes incidence in the NOD mouse” Diabetologia, 2012, 55(8):2285-2294. [cited by applicant]
Harach et al., “Reduction of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid pathology in the absence of gut microbiota”, arXiv:1509.02273. [cited by applicant]
Hsiao et al., “Microbiota modulate behavioral and physiological abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental Disorders”, Cell. Dec. 19, 2013;155(7):1451-63. [cited by applicant]
Hsieh et al., “Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 and Lactobacillus reuteri GL-104 decrease glycemic levels and attenuate diabetes-mediated liver and kidney injury in db/db mice”, BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 2020, 8(1): e00… [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/EP2012/073011, mailed Aug. 19, 2013. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/EP2012/073972, mailed Feb. 10, 2014. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/EP2016/060033, mailed Jul. 25, 2016. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/EP2016/071327, mailed Dec. 6, 2016. [cited by applicant]
Johansson et al. “The two mucus layers of colon are organized by the MUC2 mucin, whereas the outer layer is a legislator of host-microbial interactions” PNAS U.S.A. 2011, 108 Suppl 1:4659-4665. [cited by applicant]
Kim et al., “In Vitro Culture Conditions for Maintaining a Complex Population of Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota”, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2011, Article ID 838040, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
Le Roy et al., “Gut microbiota transplantation demonstrates its causal role in the development of type 2 diabetes and fatty liver” J Hepathol. 2012, 56:S21-S44. [cited by applicant]
Lee et al., “Effect of Meformin on Metabolic Improvement and Gut Microbiota”, Appl Environ Microbial, Oct. 2014, fol. 80, No. 19, pp. 5935-5943. [cited by applicant]
Louis et al., The gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and colorectal cancer, Nat Rev Microbial. Oct. 2014;12 ;10):661-72. [cited by applicant]
Lukovac et al., “Differential Modulation by Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii of Host Peripheral Lipid Metabolism and Histone Acetylation in Mouse Gut Organoids”, mBio, Jul./Aug. 2014, vol. 5, No.… [cited by applicant]
Martini et al., “Mend your fences. The epithelial barrier and its relationship with mucosal immunity in inflammatory bowel disease” in: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 4 (1), pp. 33-46. Publ… [cited by applicant]
Mccole, “Regulation of epithelial barrier function by the inflammatory bowel disease candidate gene, PTPN2” in Ann N Y Acad Sci., vol. 1257, pp. 108-114. Published Jun. 2012. [cited by applicant]
Moludi, “Metabolic endotoxemia and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review about potential roles of prebiotics and probiotics” in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, pp. 1-13. Published 2020. [cited by applicant]
Muccioli et al., “The endocannabinoid system links gut microbiota to adipogenesis” Molecular Systems Biology 2010, 6:392. [cited by applicant]
Nylund et al., “Severity of atopic disease inversely correlates with intestinal microbiota diversity and butyrate-producing bacteria”, Allergy. Feb. 2015;70(2):241-4. [cited by applicant]
Ottman et al., “Pili-like proteins of Akkermansia muciniphila modulate host immune responses and gut barrier function”, Plos One, Mar. 1, 2017, 18 pages. [cited by applicant]
Padidar et al., “High-Fat Diet Alters Gene Expression in the Liver and Colon: Links to Increased Development of Aberrant Crypt Foci”, Dig Dis Sci., 2012, 57(7): 1866-1874. [cited by applicant]
Park et al., “Dietary and Genetic Obesity Promote Liver Inflammation and Tumorigenesis by Enhancing IL-6 and TNF Expression”, Cell, Jan. 22, 2010, 140(2): 197-208. [cited by applicant]
Park et al., “Effects of diet-induced obesity on colitis-associated colon tumor formation in A/J mice”, International Journal of Obesity, Apr. 19, 2012, 36: 273-280. [cited by applicant]
Park et al., “A high-fat diet increases angiogenesis, solid tumor growth, and lung metastasis of CT26 colon cancer cells in obesity-resistant BALB/c mice”, Mol Carcinog., Nov. 2012, 51(11): 869-880, Epublished Sep. 14, … [cited by applicant]
Pasteur et al., “Pasteur, the father of microbiology”, Published by Jilin People's Publishing House, in Jul. 31, 2011, pp. 57 and 59. [cited by applicant]
Pott et al., “Innate immune signalling at the intestinal epithelium in homeostasis and disease” EMBO Rep. 2012, 13(8):684-698. [cited by applicant]
Rajilíc-Stojanović et al., “Phylogenetic analysis of dysbiosis in ulcerative colitis during remission”, Inflamm Bowel Dis. Mar. 2013;19(3):481-8. [cited by applicant]
Rajilíc-Stojanović et al., “The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota”, FEMS Microbial Rev. 2014, 38(5): 996-1047. [cited by applicant]
Reunanen et al., “Akkermansia muciniphila Adheres to Enterocytes and Strengthens the Integrity of the Epithelial Sell Layer”, Appl Environ Microbial. Jun. 2015;81(11):3655-62. [cited by applicant]
Reunanen et al., “Characterization of the SpaCBA Pilus Fibers in the Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Apr. 2012, vol. 78, No. 7, pp. 2337-2344. [cited by applicant]
Scheperjans et al., “Gut microbiota are related to Parkinson's disease and clinical phenotype”, Mov Disord. Mar. 2015;30(3):350-8. [cited by applicant]
Solanki et al., “Development of Microencapsulation Delivery System for Long-Term Preservation of Probiotics as Biotherapeutics Agent”, BioMed Research International, 2013, vol. 2013, No. 620719. [cited by applicant]
Staley et al., “Classification of prokaryotic organisms: an overview”, Krieg NR, Holt JG (eds) Bergey's Manual of Systemic Bacteriology, vol. 1. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins. 1984: 1-4. [cited by applicant]
Syngelaki et al., “Metformin versus Placebo in Obese Pregnant Women without Diabetes Mellitus”, The New England Journal of Medicine, Feb. 4, 2016, 374(5), pp. 434-443. [cited by applicant]
Tailford et al., “Discovery of intramolecular trans-sialidases in human gut microbiota suggests novel mechanisms of mucosal adaptation”, Nature Communications, 2015, 6:7624. [cited by applicant]
Tang et al., “Consumption of high-fat diet induces tumor progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer in a mouse xenograzŌ model”, J Nutr Biochem., Oct. 2012, 23(10): 1302-1313, Epublished Jan.… [cited by applicant]
Thompson et al., “Obesity, but not ethanol, promotes tumor incidence and progression in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo”, Surg Endosc., Aug. 2013, 27(8): 2782-2791. [cited by applicant]
Tlaskalová-Hogenová et al., “The role of gut microbiota (commensal bacteria) and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer: contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic anim… [cited by applicant]
Uniprot, “Uncharacterized protein {ECO:00003131EMBLACD04926.1} Flags:Precursor”, Jul. 1, 2008. [cited by applicant]
Vaishnava et al., “The antibacterial lectin RegIIIgamma promotes the spatial segregation of microbiota and host in the intestine” Science. 2011, 334(6053):255-258. [cited by applicant]
Van Passel et al., “The genome of Akkermansia muciniphila, a dedicated intestinal mucin degrader, and its use in exploring intestinal metagenomes” PLoS One. 2011, 6(3):e16876. [cited by applicant]
Vykhovanets et al., “High-fat diet increases NF-KB signaling in the prostate of reporter mice”, Prostate, Feb. 1, 2011, 71(2): 147-156. [cited by applicant]
Wang et al., “Akkermansia muciniphila administration exacerbated the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice”, Journal of Cancer, 2022, 13(1): 124-133. [cited by applicant]
Wang et al., “Stable colonization of Akkermansia muciniphila educates hostintestinal microecology and immunity to battle against inflammatory intestinal diseases”, Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Jan. 4, 2023, 55: 55… [cited by applicant]
Wells, “Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers” in American Journal of Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physial, vol. 312, G171-G193. Published Dec. 2016. [cited by applicant]
Wlodarska et al., “An integrative view of microbiome-host interactions in inflammatory bowel diseases”, Cell Host Microbe. May 13, 2015;17(5):577-91. [cited by applicant]
Zhao et al., “Akkermansia muciniphila: A potential target and pending issues for oncotherapy”, Pharmacological Research, Oct. 2023, 196: 10691, Epublished Sep. 9, 2023. [cited by applicant]
Zitvogel et al., “Cancer and the gut microbiota: an unexpected link”, Sci Transl Med. Jan. 21, 2015;7(271):271ps1. [cited by applicant]
Zoetendal et al., “High-throughput diversity and functionality analysis of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota” Gut 2008, 57: 1605-1615. [cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
[cited by applicant]
English translation of Request for Invalidation of Chinese Patent No. ZL201380070847.0 by petitioner Ranjun Wang, dated Jun. 27, 2020. [cited by applicant]
Becken et al., “Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity among Human Isolates of Akkermansia muciniphila”, American Society for Microbiology, May/Jun. 2021, vol. 12, Issue 3, e00478-a00421. [cited by applicant]
Cani, Metabolic Endotoxemia Links Low-Grade Inflammation to Metabolic Diseases, Keystone Conference, Mar. 4-9, 2012, Speaker Abstracts, The Microbiome (Q8 025), Microbiota and Metabolism, p. 173. [cited by applicant]
Everard et al., “Akkermansia muciniphila link gut barrier function with inflammation and metabolic disorders associated with obesity”, Keystone Conference, Mar. 4-9, 2012, The Microbiome (Q8), Poster Session 1, Poster 1… [cited by applicant]
Everard et al., “PO9 «Akkermansia muciniphila> : Une nouvelle bactérie jouant un rôle clé dans la fonction barrière de l'intestin, l'inflammation et les désordres métaboliques associés à l'obésité?”, Diabetes & Metaboli… [cited by applicant]
Guo et al., “Different subtype strains of Akkermansia muciniphila abundantly colonize in southern China”, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2015, vol. 120: 452-459. [cited by applicant]
Karlsson et al., “The Microbiota of the Gut in Preschool Children with Normal and Excessive Body Weight”, Obesity, Nov. 2012, vol. 20, No. 11, 2257-2261. [cited by applicant]
Yang et al., “Beneficial Effects of Newly Isolated Akkermansia muciniphila Strains from the Human Gut on Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation”, Microorganisms, 2020, vol. 8, No. 1413, pp. 1-26. [cited by applicant]
Statement of Opposition of Strawman Limited Against European Patent No. 2919796, filed Jan. 28, 2022. [cited by applicant]
D2: Derrien et al., “ [cited by applicant]
D3: Turnbaugh et al., “An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest”, Nature, Dec. 21, 2006, 444: 1027-1031. [cited by applicant]
D4: PCT International Publication No. WO 2008/076696 A2, published Jun. 26, 2008, entitled: The Gut Microbiome As A Biomarker And Therapeutic Target For Treating Obesity Or An Obesity Related Disorder. [cited by applicant]
D5: Hansen et al., “Early life treatment with vancomycin propagates [cited by applicant]
D6: Derrien et al., “Modulation of mucosal immune response, tolerance, and proliferation in mice colonized by the mucin-degrader [cited by applicant]
D7: Cani et al., “Involvement of gut microbiota in the development of low-grade inflammation and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity”, Gut Microbes Jul./Aug. 2012, 3(4): 279-288. [cited by applicant]
D8: Tremaroli et al., “Functional Interactions bet/Veen the gut microbiota and host metabolism”, Nature, Sep. 13, 2012, 489: 242-249. [cited by applicant]
D9: Cani et al., “Gut Microbiota, Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Insights Into the Prebiotics”, Terzo Congresso Nazionale Della Societa Italiana di Nutraceutica—Sinut, Sep. 20-21, 2012. [cited by applicant]
D10: U.S. Pat. No. 8,192,733 B2, issued Jun. 5, 2012, entitled: Probiotic Composition Useful For Dietary Augmentation And/Or Combating Disease States And Adverse Physiological Conditions. [cited by applicant]
A4: Everard et al., “Akkermansia muciniphila link gut barrier function with inflammation and metabolic disorders associated with obesity”, Keystone Conference, Mar. 4-9, 2012, The Microbiome (Q8), Poster Session 1, Post… [cited by applicant]
A4-1: Extract Translation of Exhibit A4—Everard et al., “Akkermansia muciniphila link gut barrier function with inflammation and metabolic disorders associated with obesity”, Keystone Conference, Mar. 4-9, 2012, The Mic… [cited by applicant]
A5: Hansen et al., “Early life treatment with vancomycin propagates [cited by applicant]
A6: Derrien et al., “Modulation of mucosal immune response, tolerance, and proliferation in mice colonized by the mucin-degrader [cited by applicant]
A6-1: Extract Translation of Exhibit A6—Derrien et al., “Modulation of mucosal immune response, tolerance, and proliferation in mice colonized by the mucin-degrader [cited by applicant]
A7: Belzer et al., “Microbes inside-from diversity to function: the case of [cited by applicant]
A7-1: Extract Translation of Exhibit A7—Belzer et al., “Microbes inside-from diversity to function: the case of [cited by applicant]
A8: Everard et al., “Responses of Gut Microbiota and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism to Prebiotics in Genetic Obese and Diet-Induced Leptin-Resistant Mice”, Diabetes, Nov. 2011, 60: 2775-2786. [cited by applicant]
A8-1: Extract Translation of Exhibit A8—Everard et al., “Responses of Gut Microbiota and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism to Prebiotics in Genetic Obese and Diet-Induced Leptin-Resistant Mice”, Diabetes, Nov. 2011, 60: 2775… [cited by applicant]
A9: Cani et al., “Involvement of gut microbiota in the development of low-grade inflammation and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity”, Gut Microbes Jul./Aug. 2012, 3(4): 279-288. [cited by applicant]
A10: Korean Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 10-2020-0110341, published Oct. 12, 2010. [cited by applicant]
A10-1: Gist of Exhibit A10—Korean Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 10-2020-0110341, published Oct. 12, 2010. [cited by applicant]
A11: Liu et al., “ [cited by applicant]
A11-1: Extract Translation of Exhibit A11—Liu et al., “ [cited by applicant]
A12: Guo et al., “Genome sequencing of 39 [cited by applicant]
A13: Zhai et al., “Strain-Specific Anti-inflammatory Properties of Two Akkermansia muciniphila Strains on Chronic Colitis in Mice”, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Jul. 5, 2019, vol. 9, Article 239. [cited by applicant]
A13-1: Extract Translation of Exhibit A13—Zhai et al., “Strain-Specific Anti-inflammatory Properties of Two Akkermansia muciniphila Strains on Chronic Colitis in Mice”, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, … [cited by applicant]
A14: Mcfarland et al., “Strain-Specificity and Disease-Specificity of Probiotic Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, Frontiers in Medicine, May 7, 2018, vol. 5, Article 124. [cited by applicant]
A15: Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1093130, dated Dec. 6, 2011. [cited by applicant]
A16: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2013-522315, dated Jun. 13, 2013. [cited by applicant]
A16-1: Extract Translation of Exhibit A16—Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2013-522315, dated Jun. 13, 2013. [cited by applicant]
A17: European Patent Publication No. 2397145, dated Dec. 21, 2011. [cited by applicant]
A17-1: Extract Translation of Exhibit A17—European Patent Publication No. 2397145, dated Dec. 21, 2011. [cited by applicant]
A18: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0186188 A1, dated Aug. 25, 2005. [cited by applicant]
A18-1: Extract Translation of Exhibit A18—U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0186188 A1, dated Aug. 25, 2005. [cited by applicant]
A19: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0274661 A1, dated Nov. 5, 2009. [cited by applicant]
Third Party Observations against European Patent Application No. 21189951.3, dated May 9, 2023. [cited by applicant]
Annex 01—Zitvogel et al., “Mouse models in oncoimmunology”, Nature Reviews, Cancer, Dec. 2016, 16: 759-773. [cited by applicant]
Annex 02—Les differents types de cancers—ligue nationale contre le cancer Suisse, Sep. 20, 2022. [cited by applicant]
Annex 03—Makki, “Diversity of Breast Carcinoma: Histological Subtypes and Clinical Relevance”, Clinical Medicine Insights: Pathology, 2015, 8: 23-31. [cited by applicant]
Oral Proceedings Submission for European Patent Application No. 21189951.3, (EP Publication No. 3967315), dated Oct. 10, 2024. [cited by applicant]
D18: Newmark et al., “A Western-style diet induces benign and malignant neoplasms in the colon of normal C57BI/6 mice”, Carcinogenesis, Nov. 2001, 22(11): 1871-1875. [cited by applicant]
Minutes of the Oral Proceedings Before the Opposition Division for European Patent Application No. 13792006.2 (Patent No. EP 2919796 B2), dated Mar. 5, 2024. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Opposition for European Patent Application No. 21154064.8 (EP3862010), dated Feb. 12, 2026, filed on behalf of Societe des Produits Nestle S.A. [cited by applicant]
D1—Everard et al., “Akkermansia muciniphila link gut barrier function with inflammation and metabolic disorders associated with obesity”, Keystone Conference, Mar. 4-9, 2012, The Microbiome (Q8), Poster Session 1, Poste… [cited by applicant]
D1a—Everard et al., “Akkermansia muciniphila link gut barrier function with inflammation and metabolic disorders associated with obesity”, Keystone Conference, Mar. 4-9, 2012, The Microbiome (Q8), Abstract. [cited by applicant]
D1b - Minutes from Oral Proceedings of European Patent Application No. 13792006.2, dated Nov. 20, 2003. [cited by applicant]
D2—WO 2013/130773 A2, Published Sep. 6, 2013, Applicant: Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. [cited by applicant]
D3—WO 2012/016287 A2, Published Feb. 9, 2012, Applicant: Thomas Julius Borody. [cited by applicant]
D4—WO 2011/039176 A1, Published Apr. 7, 2011, Applicant: Nestec S.A. [cited by applicant]
D5—WO 2009/021824 A1, Published Feb. 19, 2009, Applicant: Nestec S.A. [cited by applicant]
D6—WO 2009/055362 A1, Published Apr. 30, 2009, Applicant: Brenda E. Moore. [cited by applicant]
D7—US 20100172874 A1, Published Jul. 8, 2010, First Inventor: Turnbaugh et al. [cited by applicant]
D8—Lahtinen et al., “Probiotic viuability—does it matter?”, Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease, 2012, 23: 18567. [cited by applicant]
D9—FAO/WHO, “Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food”, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Working Group on Drafting Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food, Apr. 30-May 1, 2002, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
D10—Ouwerkerk et al., “ [cited by applicant]
D11—Derrien et al., “The Mucin degrader Akkermansia muciniphila is an abundant resident of the human intestinal tract” Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2008, 74, 1646-1648. [cited by applicant]
D12—Belzer et al., “Microbes inside-from diversity to function: the case of Akkermansia”, The ISME Journal, 2012, 6: 1449-1458. [cited by applicant]
D13—Santacruz et al., “Gut microbiota composition is associated with body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women”, British Journal of Nutrition, Mar. 8, 2010, 104(1): 83-92. [cited by applicant]
D14—Everard et al., “Responses of Gut Microbiota and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism to Prebiotics in Genetic Obese and Diet-Induced Leptin-Resistant Mice”, Diabetes, Nov. 2011, 60: 2775-2786. [cited by applicant]
D15—Karlsson et al., “The Microbiota of the Gut in Preschool Children with Normal and Excessive Body Weight”, Obesity, Nov. 2012, vol. 20, No. 11, 2257-2261. [cited by applicant]
D16—Derrien et al., “Modulation of Mucosal Immune Response, Tolerance, and Proliferation in Mice Colonized by the Mucin-Degrader Akkermansia muciniphila” Frontiers in Microbiology Aug. 2011, 2:166, pp. 1-14. [cited by applicant]
D17—Lee et al., “Handbook of Probiotics and Prebiotics”, 2009, pp. 52-75 and 535-544. [cited by applicant]
D18—Manigandan et al., “Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics—a review”, Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2012, 5(2): 295. [cited by applicant]
D19—Zhang et al., “Akkermansia muciniphila supplementation in patients with overweight/obese type 2 diabetes: Efficacy depends on its baseline levels in the gut”, Clinical and Translational Report, Mar. 4, 2025, 37(3): … [cited by applicant]
Notice of Opposition for European Patent Application No. 21183989.9 (EP3943093), dated Feb. 12, 2026, filed on behalf of Universite Catholique de Louvain. [cited by applicant]
D1—WO 2014/076246 A1, Published May 22, 2014, Applicant: Université Catholique De Louvain. [cited by applicant]
D3—WO 2016/177797 A1, Published Nov. 10, 2016, Applicant: Univ Wageningen. [cited by applicant]
D4—KR 10-2013-0021920 A, Applicant: Postech Acad Ind Found. [cited by applicant]
D4a—Machine English translation of D4 (KR 10-2013-0021920 A). [cited by applicant]
D5—WO 2010/130659 A1, Published Nov. 18, 2010, Applicant: Nestec S.A. [cited by applicant]
D6—Commission Implementing regulation (EU) 2022/168, dated Feb. 8, 2022. [cited by applicant]
D7—Kang et al., “Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Gut Microbiota, Especially Akkermansia muciniphila, Protect the Progression of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis”, Plos One, Oct. 24, 2013, 8(10): e76520. [cited by applicant]
D8—WO 2010/124256 A2, Published Oct. 28, 2010, Applicant: California Institute of Technology. [cited by applicant]
D9—Adams et al., “The probiotic paradox: live and dead cells are biological response modifiers”, Nutrition Research reviews, Apr. 20, 2010, 23: 37-46. [cited by applicant]
D10—Pasteurization: Definition and Methods, IDFA, Jun. 2009. [cited by applicant]
D11—Rouweler et al., “Heat Process Values F (2nd Ed.) for several Commercial Pasteurization and Sterilization Processes: Overview, Uses, and Restrictions”, Jun. 12, 2015, Section 3. [cited by applicant]
D12—Miles et al., “Applying Continuous-Flow Pasteurization and Sterilization Process”, Pharmaceutical Technology, May 1, 2013, 2013 Suppl, Issue 3. [cited by applicant]
D13—Nout et al., “Fermented foods and food safety”, Food Research International, 1994, 27: 291-298. [cited by applicant]
D14—Patent Proprietor R116 EPC Submissions, dated Oct. 21, 2024, pp. 13-15. [cited by applicant]
D15—Shi et al., “Role of body mass index and weight change in the risk of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 66 cohort studies”, Journal of Global Health, Mar. 29, 2024, 14: 04067. [cited by applicant]
D16—Itzkowitz et al., “Inflammation and Cancer IV. Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: the role of inflammation”, Jul. 2004, 287(1): G7-17. [cited by applicant]
D17—Belzer et al., “Microbes inside-from diversity to function: the case of Akkermansia”, The ISME Journal, 2012, 6: 1449-1458. [cited by applicant]
D18—Ouwerkerk et al., “ [cited by applicant]
O'Mahony et al., “Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Stress-Related Psychiatric Co-morbidities: Focus on Early Life Stress”, Handb Exp Pharmacol., 2017, 239: 219-246. [cited by applicant]
Opening Brief for Appellees in Appeal No. 2025-1886, filed Jan. 8, 2026. [cited by applicant]
Reply Brief Brief for Appellants in Appeal No. 2025-1886, filed Mar. 2, 2026. [cited by applicant]