IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,643,926
Granted Patent B2
US 12,643,926 · App. 17/324,354 · Granted Jun 2, 2026

LysM receptor motifs

Inventors: Elena Simona Radutoiu (Aarhus, DK); Kasper Røjkjær Andersen (Aarhus, DK); Jens Stougaard Jensen (Aarhus, DK); Damiano Lironi (Aarhus, DK); Christina Krönauer (Aarhus, DK); Mette Laursen (Aarhus, DK)
Assignee: Aarhus Universitet
C07K14/415A01H1/102C07K1/107C12N15/8213C12N15/8262
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,643,926
App. No.
17/324,354
Granted
Jun 2, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to genetically altered LysM receptors. In particular, the present disclosure relates replacement of part or all of motifs in the LysM1 domain with the corresponding motifs of the LysM1 domain from a donor LysM receptor that can alter the affinity, selectivity, and/or specificity for an oligosaccharide, particularly for Nod factors (lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs)). The present disclosure also relates to genetically altering LysM receptors in plants to include a modified LysM1 domain and to genetically altering LysM receptors in plants by replacement of part or all of motifs in the LysM1 domain. The present disclosure further relates to combining LysM1 domain modifications with modifications of LysM2 domains to include a hydrophobic patch or alter the hydrophobic patch, whereby the LysM2 domain modifications can alter the affinity, selectivity, and/or specificity for an oligosaccharide, particularly for Nod factors (lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs)).

Claims (15)

1 . A method of making a modified plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor polypeptide comprising modifying a nucleic acid encoding a wild-type plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor polypeptide to produce a modified nucleic acid that encodes the modified plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor polypeptide,

wherein the wild-type plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor polypeptide comprises a region II characterized by the amino acids that align to residues 44-49 of SEQ ID NO: 164 and comprises a region IV characterized by the amino acids that align to residues 76-81 of SEQ ID NO: 164,

wherein the modified plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor polypeptide comprises SEQ ID NO: 87 at region II and SEQ ID NO: 129 at region IV, and

wherein the modified plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor polypeptide has altered binding kinetics for one or more Nod factors as compared to its respective wild-type plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor polypeptide.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the Nod factor is a Nod factor produced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the nitrogen fixing bacteria is Mesorhizobium or Sinorhizobium.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor polypeptide binds one or more Nod factors with;

(a) higher selectivity and higher affinity as compared to the respective wild-type plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor polypeptide; or

(b) altered specificity as compared to the respective wild-type plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor polypeptide.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid is modified by site-directed mutagenesis, by chemical synthesis, by genetic editing, or by genetic engineering.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the wild-type plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor polypeptide is an endogenous plant gene in a plant cell.

6 . A genetically altered nodulating plant comprising the modified plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor polypeptide encoded by the modified nucleic acid produced by the method of claim 1 .

7 . The plant of claim 6 , wherein the nodulating plant is a leguminous plant.

8 . The genetically altered plant of claim 6 , wherein the modified nucleic acid is a transgene.

9 . The genetically altered plant of claim 6 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the wild-type plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor polypeptide is an endogenous plant LYK3 or CERK6 LysM receptor gene.

10 . The plant of claim 7 , wherein the leguminous plant is bean, soybean, pea, chickpea, cowpea, pigeon pea, lentil, Bambara groundnut, lupin, pulses, Medicago spp., Lotus spp., forage legumes, indigo, or legume trees.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Nov 30, 2023
From: RADUTOIU, ELENA SIMONA; ANDERSON, KASPER RØJKJÆR; JENSEN, JENS STOUGAARD; LIRONI, DAMIANO; KRÖNAUER, CHRISTINA; LAURSEN, METTE
To: AARHUS UNIVERSITET
Reel/Frame 065723/0791 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 28, 2021
From: RADUTOIU, SIMONA; ANDERSEN, KASPER RØJKJÆR; STOUGAARD, JENS; LIRONI, DAMIANO; KRÖNAUER, CHRISTINA; LAURSEN, METTE
To: AARHUS UNIVERSITET
Reel/Frame 056693/0216 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 63027151 · May 19, 2020
Related Publication 20210363200A1 · Nov 25, 2021
References Cited (358)
US 4407956A · Howell · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4536475A · Anderson · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4676980A · Segal et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4683195A · Mullis et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4683202A · Mullis · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4684611A · Schilperoort et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4800159A · Mullis et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 5633363A · Colbert et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5679558A · Gobel et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5759808A · Casterman et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 6140553A · D'Halluin · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 7842144B1 · Stiles et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7915485B2 · Jensen et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7956240B2 · Reuzeau · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8034344B2 · Ferlin et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8361462B2 · Pandey et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8440196B1 · Funakoshi et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8529895B2 · Mihara et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 10167482B2 · Coffin · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 12190997B2 · Andersen et al. · 2025 [cited by applicant]
US 20060005275A1 · Diehn et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060150283A1 · Alexandrov et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20090113572A1 · Song et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20120159672A1 · Alexandrov et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130097725A1 · Indrasumunar et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130317203A1 · Igawa et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140090106A1 · Wan et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140322239A1 · Lee et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150166666A1 · Igawa et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150232876A1 · Bono et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150368342A1 · Wu et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160152714A1 · Kano et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160244777A1 · Coffin et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170002082A1 · West et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180237793A1 · Aasen et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20200096507A1 · Bonnet et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210163574A1 · Schneider et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210163974A1 · Batoko et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210163976A1 · Andersen et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210233608A1 · Andersen · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 20210363217A1 · Pule et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20220135630A1 · Zhou et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20230078124A1 · Coruzzi et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20240200085A1 · Andersen · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20240344077A1 · Radutoiu et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20240344078A1 · Radutoiu et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20250140337A1 · Andersen et al. · 2025 [cited by applicant]
AR 105982A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
CN 109136243A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
CN 109734785A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
CN 112739820A · 2021 [cited by applicant]
CN 108728425B · 2021 [cited by applicant]
EP 67553A2 · 1982 [cited by applicant]
EP 116718B2 · 1984 [cited by applicant]
EP 223247A2 · 1986 [cited by applicant]
EP 242246B1 · 1987 [cited by applicant]
EP 270356B1 · 1988 [cited by applicant]
EP 270822A1 · 1988 [cited by applicant]
EP 452269B1 · 1991 [cited by applicant]
EP 1134231A1 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
EP 3837357 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
IN 144268A1 · 1978 [cited by applicant]
JP 5229783B2 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
KR 20200085159A · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1984002913A1 · 1984 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1985001856A1 · 1985 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1992009696A1 · 1992 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1994004678A1 · 1994 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1994025591A1 · 1994 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1995004079A1 · 1995 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1996006932A1 · 1996 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1996034103A1 · 1996 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1997048819A1 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1997049805A2 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1999037681A2 · 1999 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2000040968A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2000042207A2 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2000043507A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2000065057A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2000071733A1 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2001021817A1 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2001040310A2 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2001044301A1 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2001090190A2 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2002046439A2 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2002048193A2 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2003025020A1 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2003035694A2 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2003050531A2 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2003054016A2 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2003055527A2 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2004041862A2 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2004041863A2 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2004041865A2 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2004041867A2 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2004062551A2 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2005003338A1 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2005044858A1 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2006040153A2 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2006079372A1 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2006122786A2 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2006122787A1 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2006122825A2 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2007024715A2 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2007076115A2 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008024188A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008101985A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008142164A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2009016104A1 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014033672A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015103072A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017103582A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020035488A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020104524A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022026618A2 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
Bensmihen et al. “Contribution of NFP LysM Domains to the Recognition of Nod Factors during the Medicago truncatula/Sinorhizobium meliloti Symbiosis” 2011 PLoS ONE 6(11):e26114, 11 total pages. (Year: 2011). [cited by examiner]
Luyten and Vanderleyden “Survey of genes identified in [cited by examiner]
Adams et al., (2010). “Phenix: a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution. Acta crystallographica,” Section D, Biological crystallography, 66(2):213-221. [cited by applicant]
Altschul et al., (1997). “Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs,” Nucleic acids research, 25(17):3389-3402. [cited by applicant]
Altschul et al., (1990). “Basic local alignment search tool,” Journal of molecular biology, 215(3):403-410. [cited by applicant]
An et al., (1996). “Strong, constitutive expression of the [cited by applicant]
Ardourel et al., (1994). “Rhizobium meliloti lipooligosaccharide nodulation factors: different structural requirements for bacterial entry into target root hair cells and induction of plant symbiotic developmental respo… [cited by applicant]
Arrighi et al., (2006). “The Medicago truncatula Lysine Motif-Receptor-Like Kinase Gene Family Includes NFP and New Nodule-Expressed Genes,” Plant Physiology, 142:265-279, 19 pages. [cited by applicant]
Bensmihen et al., (2011). “Contribution of NFP LysM Domains to the Recognition of Nod Factors during the Medicago truncatula/Sinorhizobium meliloti Symbiosis,” PLOS ONE, 6:e26114, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Biasini et al., (2014). “Swiss-Model: modelling protein tertiary and quaternary structure using evolutionary information,” Nucleic acids research, 42(W1):W252-W258. [cited by applicant]
Bozsoki et al., (2017). “Receptor-mediated chitin perception in legume roots is functionally separable from Nod factor perception,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(38):E8118-E8127. [cited by applicant]
Bucher et al., (2002). “The expression of an extensin-like protein correlates with cellular tip growth in tomato,” Plant Physiology, 128(3):911-923. [cited by applicant]
Christensen et al., (1992). “Maize polyubiquitin genes: structure, thermal perturbation of expression and transcript splicing, and promoter activity following transfer to protoplasts by electroporation,” Plant molecular… [cited by applicant]
Christensen et al., (1996). “Ubiquitin promoter-based vectors for high-level expression of selectable and/or screenable marker genes in monocotyledonous plants,” Transgenic research, 5(3):213-218. [cited by applicant]
Christou et al., (1990). “Soybean genetic engineering-commercial production of transgenic plants,” Trends in Biotechnology, 8:145-151. [cited by applicant]
Datta et al., (1990). “Genetically engineered fertile indica-rice recovered from protoplasts,” Bio/technology, 8(8):736-740. [cited by applicant]
De Framond, (1991). “A metallothionein-like gene from maize ( [cited by applicant]
De Lorenzo et al., (2011). “Engineering plant resistance by constructing chimeric receptors that recognize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs),” FEBS Letters, 585:1521-1528. [cited by applicant]
De Pater et al., (1992). “The promoter of the rice gene GOS2 is active in various different monocot tissues and binds rice nuclear factor ASF-1,” The Plant Journal, 2(6):837-844. [cited by applicant]
DeLano, (2002). “Pymol: An open-source molecular graphics tool,” CCP4 Newsletter on protein crystallography, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
Depicker et al., (1982). “Nopaline synthase: transcript mapping and DNA sequence,” Journal of molecular and applied genetics, 1(6):561-573. [cited by applicant]
Emsley et al., (2010). “Features and development of Coot,” Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography, D66(4):486-501. [cited by applicant]
Engler et al., (2008). “A one pot, one step, precision cloning method with high throughput capability,” PloS one, 3(11):e3647, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
Franck et al., (1980). “Nucleotide sequence of cauliflower mosaic virus DNA,” Cell, 21(1):285-294. [cited by applicant]
Franke et al., (2009). “DAMMIF, a program for rapid ab-initio shape determination in small-angle scattering,” Journal of applied crystallography, 42(2):342-346. [cited by applicant]
Fromm et al., (1990). “Inheritance and expression of chimeric genes in the progeny of transgenic maize plants,” Bio/technology, 8(9):833-839. [cited by applicant]
Gardner et al., (1981). “The complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of cauliflower mosaic virus by M13mp7 shotgun sequencing,” Nucleic acids research, 9(12):2871-2888. [cited by applicant]
GenBank Accession No. X04049, “Maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1 gene (Adh1-1S),” Nov. 14, 2006, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
GenBank Accession No. XM 004511944, “Predicted: Cicer arietinum protein LYK5-like (LOC101515074), transcript variant X2, mRNA,” Jun. 8, 2015, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
GenBank Accession No. XM 012719006, “Predicted: Cicer arietinum protein LYK5-like (LOC101515074), transcript variant X1, mRNA,” Jun. 8, 2015, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
Gielen et al., (1984). “The complete nucleotide sequence of the TL-DNA of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid pTiAch5,” The EMBO Journal, 3(4):835-846. [cited by applicant]
Gomez et al., (2009). “Medicago truncatula and Glomus intraradices gene expression in cortical cells harboring arbuscules in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis,” BMC Plant Biology, 9(10):1-19. [cited by applicant]
Gordon-Kamm et al., (1990). “Transformation of Maize Cells and Regeneration of Fertile Transgenic Plants,” The Plant cell, 2(7):603-618. [cited by applicant]
Gough et al., (2018). “Evolutionary History of Plant LysM Receptor Proteins Related to Root Endosymbiosis,” Frontiers in Plant Science, 9:923, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
Gust et al., (2012). “Plant LysM proteins: modules mediating symbiosis and immunity,” Trends in Plant Science, 17:495-502. [cited by applicant]
Hansen et al., (1989). “Hairy roots—a short cut to transgenic root nodules,” Plant Cell Reports, 8(1):12-15. [cited by applicant]
Heidstra et al., (2004). “Mosaic analyses using marked activation and deletion clones dissect [cited by applicant]
Hinchee et al., (1988). “Production of transgenic soybean plants using Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer,” Bio/technology, 6.8:915-922. [cited by applicant]
Hirel et al., (1992). “Forcing expression of a soybean root glutamine synthetase gene in tobacco leaves induces a native gene encoding cytosolic enzyme,” Plant molecular biology, 20(2):207-218. [cited by applicant]
Hopkins et al., (2017). “BioXTAS RAW: improvements to a free open-source program for small-angle X-ray scattering data reduction and analysis,” Journal of applied crystallography, 50(5):1545-1553. [cited by applicant]
Hull et al., (1978). “Structure of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome. II. Variation in DNA structure and sequence between isolates,” Virology, 86(2):482-493. [cited by applicant]
Indrasumunar et al., (2010). “Inactivation of duplicated nod factor receptor 5 (NFR5) genes in recessive loss-of-function non-nodulation mutants of allotetraploid soybean ( [cited by applicant]
Irvine, (2016). “A Receptor for All Occasions,” Cell, 164:599-600. [cited by applicant]
Kabsch, (2010). “Integration, scaling, space-group assignment and post-refinement,” Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography, 66(2):133-144. [cited by applicant]
Karlin et al., (1990). “Methods for assessing the statistical significance of molecular sequence features by using general scoring schemes,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 87(6):2264-2268. [cited by applicant]
Karlin et al., (1993). “Applications and statistics for multiple high-scoring segments in molecular sequences,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 90(12):5873-5877. [cited by applicant]
Kay et al., (1987). “Duplication of CaMV 35S Promoter Sequences Creates a Strong Enhancer for Plant Genes,” Science, 236(4806):1299-1302. [cited by applicant]
Kelly et al., (2013). “Conditional requirement for exopolysaccharide in the Mesorhizobium-Lotus symbiosis,” Molecular plant-microbe interactions, 26(3):319-329. [cited by applicant]
Konarev et al., (2003). “Primus: a Windows PC-based system for small-angle scattering data analysis,” Journal of applied crystallography, 36(5):1277-1282. [cited by applicant]
Last et al., (1991). “pEmu: an improved promoter for gene expression in cereal cells.” TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics, 81(5):581-588. [cited by applicant]
Lerouge et al., (1990). “Symbiotic host-specificity of Rhizobium meliloti is determined by a sulphated and acylated glucosamine oligosaccharide signal,” Nature, 344(6268):781-784. [cited by applicant]
Li et al., (2016). “Plant pattern-recognition receptors controlling innate immunity,” Science China Life Sciences, 59:878-888. [cited by applicant]
Liu et al., (2012). “Chitin-induced dimerization activates a plant immune receptor,” Science, 336(6085):1160-1164. [cited by applicant]
Madsen et al., (2003). “A receptor kinase gene of the LysM type is involved in legume perception of rhizobial signals,” Nature, 425:637-640. [cited by applicant]
Maekawa et al., (2008). “Polyubiquitin promoter-based binary vectors for overexpression and gene silencing in Lotus japonicus,” Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 21(4):375-382. [cited by applicant]
McCoy et al., (2007). “Phaser crystallographic software,” Journal of applied crystallography, 40(4):658-674. [cited by applicant]
Mulder et al., (2006). “LysM domains of Medicago truncatula NFP protein involved in Nod factor perception. Glycosylation state, molecular modeling and docking of chitooligosaccharides and Nod factors,” Glycobiology, 16(… [cited by applicant]
Murakami et al., (2018). “Epidermal LysM receptor ensures robust symbiotic signalling in Lotus japonicus,” Elife, 7:e33506, 21 pages. [cited by applicant]
Nakagawa et al., (2011). From defense to symbiosis: limited alterations in the kinase domain of LysM receptor-like kinases are crucial for evolution of legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, The Plant Journal, 65(2):169-180. [cited by applicant]
Norris et al., (1993). “The intron of [cited by applicant]
Oldroyd et al., (2001). “Evidence for structurally specific negative feedback in the Nod factor signal transduction pathway,” The Plant Journal, 28(2):191-199. [cited by applicant]
Oldroyd et al., (2011). “The rules of engagement in the legume—rhizobial symbiosis,” Annual review of genetics, 45:119-144. [cited by applicant]
Radutoiu et al., (2003). “Plant recognition of symbiotic bacteria requires two LysM receptor-like kinases,” Nature, 425(6958):585-592. [cited by applicant]
Radutoiu et al., (2007). “LysM domains mediate lipochitin-oligosaccharide recognition and Nfr genes extend the symbiotic host range,” The EMBO Journal, 26:3923-3935. [cited by applicant]
Rasmussen et al., (2016). “Intraradical colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi triggers induction of a lipochitooligosaccharide receptor,” Scientific reports, 6:29733, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
Rodpothong et al., (2009). “Nodulation Gene Mutants of Mesorhizobium loti R7A—nodZ and noIL Mutants Have Host-Specific Phenotypes on [cited by applicant]
Saiki et al., (1985). “Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia,” Science, 230(4732):1350-1354. [cited by applicant]
Samac et al., (1990). “Isolation and characterization of the genes encoding basic and acidic chitinase in [cited by applicant]
Schindelin et al., (2012). “Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis,” Nature methods, 9(7):676-682. [cited by applicant]
Schünmann et al., (2003). “A suite of novel promoters and terminators for plant biotechnology. II. The pPLEX series for use in monocots,” Functional plant biology, 30(4):453-460. [cited by applicant]
Shimamoto et al., (1989). “Fertile transgenic rice plants regenerated from transformed protoplasts,” Nature, 338(6212):274-276. [cited by applicant]
Smit et al., (2007). “Medicago LYK3, an entry receptor in rhizobial nodulation factor signaling,” Plant physiology, 145(1):183-191. [cited by applicant]
Stougaard, (1995). “Agrobacterium rhizogenes as a vector for transforming higher plants, application in Lotus corniculatus transformation,” Plant gene transfer and expression protocols, 49-61. [cited by applicant]
Svergun et al., (1995). “Crysol—a program to evaluate X-ray solution scattering of biological macromolecules from atomic coordinates,” Journal of applied crystallography, 28(6):768-773. [cited by applicant]
Svergun, (1992). “Determination of the regularization parameter in indirect-transform methods using perceptual criteria,” Journal of applied crystallography, 25(4):495-503. [cited by applicant]
Svergun, (1999). “Restoring low resolution structure of biological macromolecules from solution scattering using simulated annealing,” Biophysical journal, 76(6):2879-2886. [cited by applicant]
Trinick, (1973). “Symbiosis between Rhizobium and the non-legume, Trema aspera,” Nature, 244(5416):459-460. [cited by applicant]
Unni et al., (2011). “Web servers and services for electrostatics calculations with APBS and PDB2PQR,” Journal of computational chemistry, 32(7):1488-1491, 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
Velten et al., (1984). “Isolation of a dual plant promoter fragment from the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens,” The EMBO Journal, 3(12):2723-2730. [cited by applicant]
Velten et al., (1985). “Selection-expression plasmid vectors for use in genetic transformation of higher plants,” Nucleic Acids Research, 13(19):6981-6998. [cited by applicant]
Verdaguer et al., (1998). “Functional organization of the cassava vein mosaic virus (CsVMV) promoter,” Plant molecular biology, 37(6):1055-1067. [cited by applicant]
Wang et al., (1997). “Improved vectors for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of monocot plants,” ISHS Acta Horticulturae 461: International Symposium on Biotechnology of Tropical and Subtropical Species … [cited by applicant]
Wang et al., (2014). “Functional analysis of chimeric lysin motif domain receptors mediating Nod factor-induced defense signaling in [cited by applicant]
Weber et al., (2011). “A modular cloning system for standardized assembly of multigene constructs,” PloS one, 6(2):e16765, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Weising et al., (1988). “Foreign genes in plants: transfer, structure, expression, and applications,” Annual review of genetics, 22(1):421-477. [cited by applicant]
Wheeler et al., (2014). “Skylign: a tool for creating informative, interactive logos representing sequence alignments and profile hidden Markov models,” BMC bioinformatics, 15:7, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
Wriggers et al., (2001). “Using Situs for the registration of protein structures with low-resolution bead models from X-ray solution scattering,” Journal of applied crystallography, 34(6):773-776. [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al., (1991). “Analysis of rice Act1 5′ region activity in transgenic rice plants,” The Plant Cell, 3(11):1155-1165. [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al., (2007). “Molecular evolution of lysin motif-type receptor-like kinases in plants,” Plant physiology, 144(2):623-636. [cited by applicant]
Zhukov et al., (2008). “The pea Sym37 receptor kinase gene controls infection-thread initiation and nodule development,” Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 21(12):1600-1608. [cited by applicant]
Cao et al., (2014). “The kinase LYK5 is a major chitin receptor in [cited by applicant]
Knox et al., (2018). “The Challenges of Analysing Highly Diverse Picobirnavirus Sequence Data,” Viruses, 10:685, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
Malkov et al., (2016). “Molecular basis of lipo-chitooligosaccharide recognition by the lysin motif receptor-like kinase LYR3 in legumes,” Biochem. J., 473:1369-1378. [cited by applicant]
Rouge et al., (2011). “Chapter 27 Docking of Chitin Oligomers and Nod Factors on Lectin Domains of the LysM-RLK Receptors in the Medicago-Rhizobium Symbiosis,” The Mol. Immunol. Complex Carbohydrates-3, pp. 511-521. [cited by applicant]
Uniprot, (2018). “EBI accession No. A0A2SOBYZ2: Nod-factor receptor 5,” available online at <https://rest.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/A0A2S0BYZ2/txt>, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
Waterhouse et al., (2018). “Swiss-Model: homology modelling of protein structures and complexes,” Nuc. Acids Res., 46:W296-W303. [cited by applicant]
Abel et al., (2024). “Phosphorylation of the alpha-I motif in SYMRK drives root nodule organogenesis,” PNAS USA, 121:e2311522121, 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
Aledo, (2019). “Methionine in proteins: The Cinderella of the proteinogenic amino acids,” Protein Science, 28(10):1785-1796. [cited by applicant]
Amor et al., (2003). “The NFP locus of Medicago truncatula controls an early step of Nod factor signal transduction upstream of a rapid calcium flux and root hair deformation,” The Plant Journal, 34:495-506. [cited by applicant]
Appleby, (1984). “Leghemoglobin and Rhizobium Respiration,” Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 35(1):443-478. [cited by applicant]
Bahr, “Memorandum: Clarification of Written Description Guidance For Claims Drawn to Antibodies and Status of 2008 Training Materials,” dated Feb. 22, 2018, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
Bai et al., (2022). “Engineering Chimeras by Fusing Plant Receptor-like Kinase EMS1 and BRI1 Reveals the Two Receptors' Structural Specificity and Molecular Mechanisms,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23:2155, 18 pages. [cited by applicant]
Benfey et al., (1990). “The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S Promoter: Combinatorial Regulation of Transcription in Plants,” Science, 250:959-966. [cited by applicant]
Beringer et al., (1979). “The Rhizobium-Legume Symbiosis,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 204(1155):219-233, 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
Binz et al., (2003). “Designing repeat proteins: well-expressed, soluble and stable proteins from combinatorial libraries of consensus ankyrin repeat proteins,” J Mol Biol., 332(2):489-503. [cited by applicant]
Boran, (2012). “The regulatory role of the juxtamembrane region in the activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor,” Biochemical Society Transactions, 40(1):195-199. [cited by applicant]
Bozsoki et al., (2020). “Ligand-recognizing motifs in plant LysM receptors are major determinants of specificity,” Science, 369:663-670. [cited by applicant]
Brinkmann et al., (2017). “The making of bispecific antibodies,” MABS, 9(2):182-212. [cited by applicant]
Broghammer et al., (2012). “Legume receptors perceive the rhizobial lipochitin oligosaccharide signal molecules by direct binding,” PNAS, 109(34):13859-13864. [cited by applicant]
Broothaerts et al., (2005). “Gene transfer to plants by diverse species of bacteria,” Nature, 433:629-633. [cited by applicant]
Broughton et al., (1971). “Control of leghaemoglobin synthesis in snake beans,” Biochem J, 125:1075-1080. [cited by applicant]
Buendia et al., (2016). “The LysM receptor-like kinase SILYK10 regulates the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato,” New Phytol, 210:184-195. [cited by applicant]
Cheal et al., (2014). “Preclinical Evaluation of Multistep Targeting of Diasialoganglioside GD2 Using an IgG-scFv Bispecific Antibody with High Affinity for GD2 and DOTA Metal Complex,” Mol. Cancer Ther., 13(7):1803-181… [cited by applicant]
Chelius et al., (2010). “Structural and functional characterization of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab,” Mabs, 2(3):309-319. [cited by applicant]
Chen et al., (2021). “A Promising Intracellular Protein-Degradation Strategy: TRIMbody—Away Technique Based on Nanobody Fragment,” Biomolecules, 11:1512, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
Cuesta et al., (2010). “Multivalent antibodies: when design surpasses evolution,” Trends in Biotechnol, 28(7):355-362. [cited by applicant]
Cummings et al., (2009). “Nodulation of [cited by applicant]
Desaki et al., (2018). “MAMP-triggered plant immunity mediated by the LysM-receptor kinase CERK1,” Journal of General Plant Pathology, 85, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Doyle, (2011). “Phylogenetic perspectives on the origins of nodulation,” Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 24(11):1289-95. [cited by applicant]
Dumoulin et al., (2003). “A camelid antibody fragment inhibits the formation of amyloid fibrils by human lysozyme,” Nature, 424:783-788. [cited by applicant]
Dunn, (1964). “Multiple Comparisons Using Rank Sums,” Technometrics, 6:241-252. [cited by applicant]
Ekerljung et al., (2012). “Generation and Evaluation of Bispecific Affibody Molecules for Simultaneous Targeting of EGFR and HER2,” Bioconjugate Chemistry, 23(9):1802-1811. [cited by applicant]
Endres et al., (2013). “Conformational Coupling across the Plasma Membrane in Activation of the EGF Receptor,” Cell, 152:543-556. [cited by applicant]
Feng et al., (2019). “A combination of chitooligosaccharide and lipochitooligosaccharide recognition promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Medicago truncatula,” Nature Communications, 10:5047, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
Frank et al., (2023). “Single-cell analysis identifies genes facilitating rhizobium infection in Lotus japonicus,” Nat Commun, 14:7171, 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
GenBank Accession No. ANS10208.1, “Nod-factor receptor 5 [ [cited by applicant]
GenBank Accession No. XP_020148045.1, “serine/threonine receptor-like kinase NFP [ [cited by applicant]
GenBank Accession No. XP_020399958.1, “serine/threonine receptor-like kinase NFP [ [cited by applicant]
Gil et al., (2020). “Optogenetic control of protein binding using light-switchable nanobodies,” Nature Communications, 11:4044, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
Guo et al., (2004). “Protein tolerance to random amino acid change,” PNAS USA, 101:9205-9210. [cited by applicant]
Gysel et al., (2021). “Kinetic proofreading of lipochitooligosaccharides determines signal activation of symbiotic plant receptors,” PNAS USA, 118(44):e2111031118, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
Hamers-Casterman et al., (1993). “Naturally occurring antibodies devoid of light chains,” Nature, 363:446-448. [cited by applicant]
Handberg et al., (1992). “Lotus japonicus, an autogamous, [cited by applicant]
Häsler et al., (2016). “VNAR single-domain antibodies specific for BAFF inhibit B cell development by molecular mimicry,” Mol. Immunol., 75:28-37, 20 pages. [cited by applicant]
He et al., (2019). “A LysM Receptor Heteromer Mediates Perception of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiotic Signal in Rice,” Molecular Plant, 12(12):1561-1576. [cited by applicant]
Heo et al., (2016). “Potential therapeutic implications of IL-6/IL-6R/gp130-targeting agents in breast cancer,” Oncotarget, 7(13):15460-15473. [cited by applicant]
Hohmann et al., (2017). “The Structural Basis of Ligand Perception and Signal Activation by Receptor Kinases,” Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 68:109-137. [cited by applicant]
Holt et al., (2003). “Domain antibodies: proteins for therapy,” Trends Biotechnol, 21(11):484-490. [cited by applicant]
Hu et al., (2021). “Lysin Motif (LysM) Proteins: Interlinking Manipulation of Plant Immunity and Fungi,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22:3114, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
Hudson et al., (1999). “High avidity scFv multimers; diabodies and triabodies,” J. Immunol. Methods, 23(1-2):177-189. [cited by applicant]
Hunter et al., (2015). “IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease,” Nat. Immunol., 16:448-457. [cited by applicant]
Huston et al., (2001). “Engineered antibodies take center stage,” Human Antibodies, 10(3-4):127-142. [cited by applicant]
Ingram et al., (2018). “Exploiting Nanobodies' Singular Traits,” Annual Review of Immunology, 36:695-715. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2023/086097 mailed on Apr. 8, 2024, 18 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2024/056882 mailed on Jun. 25, 2024, 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2024/056884 mailed on Jun. 26, 2024, 19 pages. [cited by applicant]
Jeffrey et al., (1995). “Mechanism of CDK activation revealed by the structure of a cyclinA-CDK2 complex,” Nature, 376(6538):313-320. [cited by applicant]
Jumper et al., (2021). “Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold,” Nature, 596:583-589. [cited by applicant]
Kaku et al., (2006). “Plant cells recognize chitin fragments for defense signaling through a plasma membrane receptor,” PNAS, 103:11086-11091. [cited by applicant]
Keller et al., (2019). “Selection and Characterization of a Nanobody Biosensor of GTP-Bound RHO Activities,” Antibodies, 8:8, 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
Kistner et al., (2002). “Evolution of signal transduction in intracellular symbiosis,” Trends in Plant Science, 7(11):511-518. [cited by applicant]
Kistner et al., (2005). “Seven Lotus japonicus genes required for transcriptional reprogramming of the root during fungal and bacterial symbiosis,” Plant Cell, 17:2217-2229. [cited by applicant]
Kontermann et al., (2015). “Bispecific antibodies,” Drug Discovery Today, 20(7):838-847, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
Kruskal et al., (1952). “Use of Ranks in One-Criterion Variance Analysis,” J Am Stat Assoc, 47:583-621. [cited by applicant]
Kwon et al., (2018). “Coupled regulation by the juxtamembrane and sterile a motif (SAM) linker is a hallmark of ephrin tyrosine kinase evolution,” J Biol Chem, 293(14):5102-5116. [cited by applicant]
Levinson et al., (2006). “A Src-Like Inactive Conformation in the Abl Tyrosine Kinase Domain,” PLOS Biology, 4(5):e144, 753-767. [cited by applicant]
Lewis et al., (2016). “Oxidation increases the strength of the methionine-aromatic interaction,” Nature Chemical Biology, 12(10):860-866, 20 pages. [cited by applicant]
Igolkina et al., (2018). “Structural Insight Into the Role of Mutual Polymorphism and Conservatism in the Contact Zone of the NFR5-K1 Heterodimer With the Nod Factor,” Frontiers in Plant Sci., 9:344, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
Li et al., (2017). “Selection of similar single domain antibodies from two immune VHH libraries obtained from two alpacas by using different selection methods,” Immunol. Lett., 188:89-95, 23 pages. [cited by applicant]
Liebschner et al., (2019). “Macromolecular structure determination using X-rays, neutrons and electrons: recent developments in Phenix,” Acta Cryst., 75:861-877. [cited by applicant]
Limpens et al., (2003). “LysM domain receptor kinases regulating rhizobial Nod factor-induced infection,” Science, 302:630-633. [cited by applicant]
Liu et al., (2016). “Intracellularly expressed nanobodies against non-structural protein 4 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus inhibit virus replication,” Biotechnol Lett, 38:1081-1088. [cited by applicant]
Lohmann et al., (2010). “Evolution and regulation of the Lotus japonicus LysM receptor gene family,” Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 23(4):510-521. [cited by applicant]
Lomize et al., (2018). “Membranome 2.0: database for proteome-wide profiling of bitopic proteins and their dimers,” Bioinformatics, 34(6):1061-1062. [cited by applicant]
Madsen et al., (2011). “Autophosphorylation is essential for the in vivo function of the Lotus japonicus Nod factor receptor 1 and receptor-mediated signalling in cooperation with Nod factor receptor 5,” Plant Journal, … [cited by applicant]
Maeda et al., (2018). “Lipid-Protein Interplay in Dimerization of Juxtamembrane Domains of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor,” Biophys. J., 114(4):893-903. [cited by applicant]
Mbengue et al., (2010). “The Medicago truncatula E3 Ubiquitin Ligase PUB1 Interacts with the LYK3 Symbiotic Receptor and Negatively Regulates Infection and Nodulation,” Plant Cell, 22(10):3474-3488. [cited by applicant]
McMahon et al., (2018). “Yeast surface display platform for rapid discovery of conformationally selective nanobodies,” Nat Struct Mol Biol., 25(3):289-296, 26 pages. [cited by applicant]
Miri et al., (2019). “Inside out: root cortex-localized LHK1 cytokinin receptor limits epidermal infection of Lotus japonicus roots by Mesorhizobium loti,” New Phytologist, 222(3):1523-1537. [cited by applicant]
Miwa et al. (2006). “Analysis of Nod-factor-induced calcium signaling in root hairs of symbiotically defective mutants of Lotus japonicus,” Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact, 19:914-923. [cited by applicant]
Miyata et al., (2016). “Evaluation of the Role of the LysM Receptor-Like Kinase, OsNFR5/OsRLK2 for AM Symbiosis in Rice,” Plant Cell Physiol, 57:2283-2290. [cited by applicant]
Montiel et al., (2021). “Distinct signaling routes mediate intercellular and intracellular rhizobial infection in Lotus japonicus,” Plant Physiology, 185:1131-1147. [cited by applicant]
Mossner et al., (2020). “Multimerization strategies for efficient production and purification of highly active synthetic cytokine receptor ligands,” PLoS ONE, 15(4):e0230804, 19 pages. [cited by applicant]
Murray et al., (2007). “A cytokinin perception mutant colonized by Rhizobium in the absence of nodule organogenesis,” Science, 315:101-104. [cited by applicant]
Muthuswamy et al., (1999). “Controlled Dimerization of ErbB Receptors Provides Evidence for Differential Signaling by [cited by applicant]
Muyldermans, (2001). “Single domain camel antibodies: current status,” J. Biotechnol., 74:277-302. [cited by applicant]
Natsume et al., (2006). “Fucose removal from complex-type oligosaccharide enhances the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of single-gene-encoded bispecific antibody comprising of two single-chain antibodies linked… [cited by applicant]
Ochoa-Fernandez et al., (2020). “Optogenetic control of gene expression in plants in the presence of ambient white light,” Nature Methods, 17:717-725. [cited by applicant]
Op Den Camp et al., (2011). “LysM-Type Mycorrhizal Receptor Recruited for Rhizobium Symbiosis in Nonlegume Parasponia,” Science, 331:909-912. [cited by applicant]
Ott et al., (2005). “Symbiotic leghemoglobins are crucial for nitrogen fixation in legume root nodules but not for general plant growth and development,” Current Biology, 15(6):531-535. [cited by applicant]
Parat et al., (2010). “Role of juxtamembrane and transmembrane domains in the mechanism of natriuretic peptide receptor A activation,” Biochemistry, 49(22):4601-4610. [cited by applicant]
Petutschnig et al., (2010). “The lysin motif receptor-like kinase (LysM-RLK) CERK1 is a major chitin-binding protein in [cited by applicant]
Pietraszewska-Bogiel et al., (2013). “Interaction of Medicago truncatula Lysin Motif Receptor-Like Kinases, NFP and LYK3, Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Induces Defence-Like Responses,” PLoS One, 8:e65055, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
Pleschberger et al., (2003). “Generation of a Functional Monomolecular Protein Lattice Consisting of an S-Layer Fusion Protein Comprising the Variable Domain of a Camel Heavy Chain Antibody,” Bioconjugate Chem, 14:440-4… [cited by applicant]
Pogozheva et al., (2018). “Evolution and adaptation of single-pass transmembrane proteins,” Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr, 1860(2):364-377. [cited by applicant]
Poljak, (1994). “Production and structure of diabodies,” Structure, 2(12):1121-1123. [cited by applicant]
Prole et al., (2019). “A genetically encoded toolkit of functionalized nanobodies against fluorescent proteins for visualizing and manipulating intracellular signalling,” BMC Biology, 17:41, 24 pages. [cited by applicant]
Radhakrishnan et al., (2020). “An ancestral signalling pathway is conserved in intracellular symbioses-forming plant lineages,” Nature Plants, 6(3):280-289, 23 pages. [cited by applicant]
Regula et al., (2016). “Targeting key angiogenic pathways with a bispecific CrossMAb optimized for neovascular eye diseases,” EMBO Mol. Med., 8(11):1265-1288. [cited by applicant]
Reid et al., (1985). “Sulphur-aromatic interactions in proteins,” FEBS Letters, 190(2):209-213. [cited by applicant]
Reusch et al., (2014). “A novel tetravalent bispecific TandAb (CD30/CD16A) efficiently recruits NK cells for the lysis of CD30+ tumor cells,” mAbs, 6(3):727-738. [cited by applicant]
Rhoads et al., (1998). “Regulation of the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase of plant mitochondria. Identification of the cysteine residue involved in alpha-keto acid stimulation and intersubunit disulfide bond forma… [cited by applicant]
Richins et al., (1987). “Sequence of figwort mosaic virus DNA (Caulimovirus group),” Nucleic Acids Res., 15:8451-8466. [cited by applicant]
Ried et al., (2014). “Spontaneous symbiotic reprogramming of plant roots triggered by receptor-like kinases,” eLife, 3:e03891, 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
Rübsam et al., (2023). “Nanobody-driven signaling reveals the core receptor complex in root nodule symbiosis,” Science, 379(6629):272-277. [cited by applicant]
Rohl et al., (1999). “Alanine is helix-stabilizing in both template-nucleated and standard peptide helices,” PNAS, 96(7):3682-3687. [cited by applicant]
Sanz et al., (2004). “Antibodies and gene therapy: teaching old ‘magic bullets’ new tricks,” Trends in Immunol, 25(2):85-91. [cited by applicant]
Schauser et al., (1999). “A plant regulator controlling development of symbiotic root nodules,” Nature, 402:191-195. [cited by applicant]
Schneider et al., (2012). “NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis,” Nature Methods, 9:671-675, 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
Schoonooghe et al., (2009). “Efficient production of human bivalent and trivalent anti-MUC1 Fab-scFv antibodies in Pichia pastoris,” BMC Biotechnol, 9:70, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
Shiu et al., (2001). “Receptor-like kinases from [cited by applicant]
Salmon et al., (2018). “The Mechanism of HdeA Unfolding and Chaperone Activation,” Biochemistry, 37(1):33-40, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
Søgaard et al., (2023). “Transmembrane signaling by a synthetic receptor in artificial cells,” Nature Communications, 14:1646, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
Sokolowska-Wedzina et al., (2017). “High-Affinity Internalizing Human scFv-Fc Antibody for Targeting FGFR1-Overexpressing Lung Cancer,” Mol. Cancer Res., 15(8):1040-1050. [cited by applicant]
Soltis et al., (1995). “Chloroplast gene sequence data suggest a single origin of the predisposition for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in angiosperms,” PNAS, 92:2647-2651. [cited by applicant]
Stijlemans et al., (2004). “Efficient targeting of conserved cryptic epitopes of infectious agents by single domain antibodies. African trypanosomes as paradigm,” J. Biol. Chem, 279:1256-1261. [cited by applicant]
Stocks, (2004). “Intrabodies: production and promise,” Drug Discov. Today, 9(22):960-966. [cited by applicant]
Stracke et al., (2002). “A plant receptor-like kinase required for both bacterial and fungal symbiosis,” Nature, 417:959-962. [cited by applicant]
Strong et al., (2006). “Toward the structural genomics of complexes: Crystal structure of a PE/PPE protein complex from [cited by applicant]
Sun et al., (2004). “Xa26, a gene conferring resistance to [cited by applicant]
Suthaus et al., (2010). “Forced [cited by applicant]
Tian et al., (2013). “Progress and Perspectives in Research of Chitin Triggered Immunity in Plant,” Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 46(15):3115-3124. English abstract. [cited by applicant]
Tirichine et al., (2007). “A gain-of-function mutation in a cytokinin receptor triggers spontaneous root nodule organogenesis,” Science, 315:104-107. [cited by applicant]
Tsai et al., (2016). “CD19xCD3 DART protein mediates human B-cell depletion in vivo in humanized BLT mice,” Mol. Ther. Oncolytics, 3:15024, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
Tutt et al., (1991). “Trispecific F(ab')3 derivatives that use cooperative signaling via the TCR/CD3 complex and CD2 to activate and redirect resting cytotoxic T cells,” J. Immunol., 147:60-69. [cited by applicant]
Valley et al., (2012). “The Methionine-aromatic Motif Plays a Unique Role in Stabilizing Protein Structure,” JBC, 287(42):34979-34991. [cited by applicant]
Varadi et al., (2022). “AlphaFold Protein Structure Database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy models,” Nucleic Acids Research, 50:D439-D444. [cited by applicant]
Veredas et al., (2017). “Methionine residues around phosphorylation sites are preferentially oxidized in vivo under stress conditions,” Scientific Reports, 7(1):40403, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
Wallin et al., (1998). “Genome-wide analysis of integral membrane proteins from eubacterial, archaean, and eukaryotic organisms,” Protein Sci, 7(4):1029-1038. [cited by applicant]
Wan et al., (1989). “Efficient production of doubled haploid plants through colchicine treatment of anther-derived maize callus,” Theor. Appl Genet., 77:889-892. [cited by applicant]
Wang et al., (2015). “Progress and Prospects in the Research on Wheat Receptor-like Kinases and Derivative Proteins,” Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 50(2):255-262. English abstract on the last page. [cited by applicant]
Wang et al., (2006). “Crystal structures of IRAK-4 kinase in complex with inhibitors: a serine/threonine kinase with tyrosine as a gatekeeper,” Structure, 14:1835-1844. [cited by applicant]
Wang et al., (2014). “Structural insights into the negative regulation of BRI1 signaling by BRI1-interacting protein BKI1,” Cell Res, 24:1328-1341. [cited by applicant]
Wang et al., (2019). “Conformational flexibility and inhibitor binding to unphosphorylated interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4),” JBC, 294(12):4511-4519. [cited by applicant]
Watson et al., (2023). “De novo design of protein structure and function with RFdiffusion,” Nature, 620(7976):1089-1100. [cited by applicant]
Wheeler et al., (2003). “Intrabody and intrakine strategies for molecular therapy,” Mol. Ther., 8(3):355-366. [cited by applicant]
Williams et al., (2018). “MolProbity: More and better reference data for improved all-atom structure validation,” Protein Sci, 27:293-315. [cited by applicant]
Willmann et al., (2011). “ [cited by applicant]
Wolfe et al., (1989). “Date of the monocot-dicot divergence estimated from chloroplast DNA sequence data,” PNAS, 86:6201-6205. [cited by applicant]
Wouters et al., (2019). “Luminescence- and Fluorescence-Based Complementation Assays to Screen for GPCR Oligomerization: Current State of the Art,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20:2958; 35 pages. [cited by applicant]
Wu et al., (2007). “Simultaneous targeting of multiple disease mediators by a dual-variable-domain immunoglobulin,” Nat. Biotechnolg., 25(11):1290-1297. [cited by applicant]
Yamada et al., (2016). “The [cited by applicant]
Yan et al., (2012). “Structural basis for the impact of phosphorylation on the activation of plant receptor-like kinase BAK1,” Cell Res, 22:1304-1308. [cited by applicant]
Yano et al., (2008). “Cyclops, a mediator of symbiotic intracellular accommodation,” PNAS, 105(51):20540-20545. [cited by applicant]
Young et al., (2009). “Translating Medicago truncatula genomics to crop legumes,” Curr Opin Plant Biol, 12:193-201. [cited by applicant]
Yu et al., (2019). “Optogenetic activation of intracellular antibodies for direct modulation of endogenous proteins,” Nature Methods, 16:1095-1100. [cited by applicant]
Zapata et al., (1995). “Engineering linear F(ab')2 fragments for efficient production in [cited by applicant]
Zheng et al., (1993). “Crystal structure of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase complexed with MgATP and peptide inhibitor,” Biochemistry, 32:2154-2161. [cited by applicant]
Zhou et al., (2019). “The juxtamembrane domains of [cited by applicant]
Lomize et al., (2007). “The role of hydrophobic interactions in positioning of peripheral proteins in membranes,” BMC Struct Biol, 7:44, 30 pages. [cited by applicant]
Zhang, (2003). “Overexpression analysis of plant transcription factors,” Curr Opin Plant Biol, 6:430-440. [cited by applicant]
DeLano, (2002). “Pymol: An open-source molecular graphics tool,” CCP4 Newsletter on protein crystallography, 161 pages. [cited by applicant]
Wang et al., (1998). “Improved vectors for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of monocot plants,” ISHS Acta Horticulturae 461: International Symposium on Biotechnology of Tropical and Subtropical Species … [cited by applicant]